Muscles OIIA Flashcards
iliopsoas
insertion
lesser trochanter of femur
iliopsoas
innervation
Psoas: db (direct branches) from lumbar plexus
L2-L4
Iliacus: femoral n.
L2-L4
iliopsoas
action
Hip: flexion, external rotation
Lumbar spine: unilateral contraction does ipsilateral flexion and
bilateral contraction raises trunk from supine position
gluteus maximus
origin
sacrum
ilium
thoracolumbar fascia
sacrotuberous ligament
gluteus maximus
insertion
ischial tuberosity
IT band
gluteus maximus
innervation
inferior gluteal n.
L5-S2
gluteus maximus
action
Hip external rotation, extension, abduction, adduction
gluteus medius
origin
ilium b/w anterior and posterior gluteal lines
gluteus medius
insertion
greater trochanter of femur- lateral surface
gluteus medius
innervation
superior gluteal n.
L4-S1
gluteus medius
action
Hip flexion,extension, internal and external rotation, abduction
stabilizes the pelvis
gluteus minimus
origin
ilium b/w anterior and inferior gluteal lines
iliopsoas
origin
Psoas major:
T12-L4 and IV disks,
L1-L5 vertebrae- transverse processes
Iliacus: iliac fossa
gluteus minimus
insertion
greater trochanter of femur- anterolateral surface
gluteus minimus
innervation
superior gluteal n.
L4-S1
gluteus minimus
action
Hip abduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation
stabilizes pelvis
tensor fascia lata
origin
ASIS
tensor fascia lata
insertion
IT band
tensor fascia lata
innervation
superior gluteal n.
L4-S1
tensor fascia lata
action
Hip abduction, flexion, internal rotation
tenses fascia lata
piriformis
origin
pelvic surface of sacrum
piriformis
insertion
apex of greater trochanter of femur
piriformis
innervation
db from sacral plexus
S1-S2
piriformis
action
hip external rotation, abduction, extension
obturator internus
origin
inner obturator membrane and bony boundaries
obturator internus
insertion
medial surface of greater trochanter on femur
obturator internus and superior gemelli
innervation
n. to obturator internus
L5, S1
obturator internus
action
hip external rotation, extension, adduction
gemelli (superior and inferior)
origin
superior: ischial spine
inferior: ischial tuberosity
gemelli
insertion
jointly w/obturator internus tendon on medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
gemelli
action
hip external rotation, extension, adduction
quadratus femoris
origin
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
quadratus femoris
insertion
intertrochanteric crest
quadratus femoris and inferior gemelli
innervation
N. to quadratus femoris
L5, S1
quadratus femoris
action
hip external rotation, adduction
pectineus
origin
pecten pubis
pectineus
insertion
pectineal line
proximal linea aspera
pectineus
innervation
femoral n.
obturator n.
L2, L3
pectineus
action
hip adduction, external rotation, slight flexion
adductor longus
origin
superior pubic ramus
anterior pubic symphysis
adductor longus
insertion
middle 1/3 of linea aspera
adductor longus
innervation
obturator n.
L2-L4
adductor longus
action
hip adduction
flexion- up to 70 degrees
extension- past 80 degrees of flexion
adductor brevis
origin
inferior pubic ramus
adductor brevis
insertion
superior 1/3 of linea aspera
adductor brevis
innervation
obturator n.
L2, L3
adductor brevis
action
hip adduction
flexion- up to 70 degrees
extension- past 80 degrees of flexion
gracilis
origin
inferior pubic ramus, below pubic symphysis
gracilis
insertion
pes anserinus- medial to tibial tuberosity
gracilis
innervation
obturator n.
L2, L3
gracilis
action
hip adduction, flexion
knee flexion, internal rotation
obturator externus
origin
outer obturator membrane and bony boundaries
obturator externus
insertion
trochanteric fossa
obturator externus
innervation
obturator n.
L3, L4
obturator externus
action
hip adduction, external rotation
adductor magnus
origin
inferior pubic ramus
ischial ramus
ischial tuberosity
adductor magnus
insertion
deep: medial lip of linea aspera
superficial: adductor tubercle
adductor magnus
innervation
deep: obturator n.
L2-L4
superficial: tibial n.
L4
adductor magnus
action
hip adduction, extension, slight flexion
sartorius
origin
ASIS
sartorius
insertion
pes anserinus- medial to tibial tuberosity
sartorius
innervation
femoral n.
L2, L3
sartorius
action
hip flexion, abduction, external rotation
knee flexion. internal rotation
rectus femoris
origin
AIIS
acetabular roof of hip joint
ALL quadriceps femoris muscles
insertion
(rectus femoris, vastus: lateralis, medialis, intermedius)
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
ALL quadriceps femoris muscles
innervation
(rectus femoris, vastus: medialis, lateralis, intermedius)
femoral n.
L2-L4
rectus femoris
action
hip flexion
knee extension
ALL vastus muscles
action
(vastus: medialis, intermedius, lateralis)
knee extension
vastus medialis
origin
medial lip of linea aspera
distal intertrochanteric line
vastus lateralis
origin
lateral lip of linea aspera
lateral surface of greater trochanter
vastus intermedius
origin
anterior side of femoral shaft
biceps femoris
origin
long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: lateral lip of linea aspera
biceps femoris
insertion
head of fibula
biceps femoris
innervation
long: tibial n.
L5-S2
short: common fibular n.
L5-S2
biceps femoris
action
Long: hip extension.
Knee flexion and external rotation.
Short: knee flexion, external rotation
semimembranosus
origin
ischial tuberosity
semimembranosus
insertion
posterior surface medial tibial condyle
oblique popliteal ligament
popliteus fascia
semimembranosus and semitendinosus
innervation
tibial n.
L5-S2
semimembranosus and semitendinosus
action
hip extension
knee flexion and internal rotation
semitendinosus
origin
ischial tuberosity
sacrotuberous ligament
semitendinosus
insertion
pes anserinus- medial to tibial tuberosity
fibularis longus
origin
fibular head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface
fibularis longus
insertion
medial cuneiform (plantar side) 1st mc base
fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
innervation
superficial fibular n.
L5, S1
fibularis longus
action
Talocrural joint: plantar flexion,
Subtalar joint: eversion,
Supports transverse arch of foot
fibularis brevis
origin
distal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula
intermuscular septa
fibularis brevis
insertion
tuberosity of 5th mt base
fibularis brevis
action
Talocrural joint: plantar flexion,
Subtalar joint: eversion
gastrocnemius
origin
medial and lateral epicondyles of femur
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
insertion
calcaneal tuberosity
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
innervation
tibial n.
S1, S2
gastrocnemius, soleus
action
talocrural joint: plantar flexion
knee joint flexion
soleus
origin
head and neck of posterior surface of femur
soleal line of tibia
plantaris
origin
lateral epicondyle of femur
plantaris
action
negligible;
may prevent compression of posterior leg muscles during knee flexion
popliteus
origin
lateral femoral condyle
posterior horn of lateral meniscus
popliteus
insertion
posterior tibial surface
popliteus
innervation
tibial n.
L4-S1
popliteus
action
knee joint: flexion, internal rotation
tibialis anterior
origin
upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia
interosseous membrane
highest part of superficial crural fascia
tibialis anterior
insertion
medial and plantar surface of medial cuneiform
first mt medial base
tibialis anterior
innervation
deep fibular n.
L4, L5
tibialis anterior
action
talocrural joint: dorsiflexion
subtalar joint: inversion
extensor hallucis longus
origin
Middle 1/3 of medial surface of fibula,
Interosseous membrane
extensor hallucis longus
insertion
dorsal aponeurosis
base of distal phalanx of 1st toe
extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius, tibialis anterior
innervation
deep fibular n.
L4, L5
extensor hallucis longus
action
talocrural joint: dorsiflexion
subtalar joint: eversion and inversion
Extends MTP and IP joints of big toe
extensor digitorum longus
origin
Head and medial surface of fibula,
Lateral condyle of tibia,
Interosseous membrane
extensor digitorum longus
insertion
Dorsal aponeuroses at base of distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th toes
extensor digitorum longus
action
Dorsiflexion of talocrural joint,
eversion at subtalar joint,
Extends MTP and IP joints of 2nd to 5th toes
fibularis tertius
origin
anterior border of distal fibula
fibularis tertius
insertion
5th mt base
fibularis tertius
action
talocrural joint: dorsiflexion
subtalar joint: eversion
tibialis posterior
origin
interosseous membrane
adjacent borders of tibia and fibula
tibialis posterior
insertion
navicular tuberosity
all cuneiforms,
base of 2nd to 4th mt
tibialis posterior
innervation
tibial n.
L4, L5
tibialis posterior
action
tc joint: plantar flexion
st joint: inversion
supports longitudinal and transverse arches
flexor digitorum longus
origin
middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia
flexor digitorum longus
insertion
bases of 2nd to 5th phalanges
flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
innervation
tibial n.
L5- S2
flexor digitorum longus
action
tc joint: plantar flexion
st joint: inversion
flexor hallucis longus
origin
distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
adjacent interosseous membrane
flexor hallucis longus
insertion
base of 1st distal phalanx
flexor hallucis longus
action
tc joint: plantar flexion
st j: inversion
MTP and IP joints of 1st toe: plantar flexion
supports medial longitudinal arch
extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis
origin
dorsal surface of calcaneus
extensor digitorum brevis
insertion
2nd to 4th toes
dorsal aponeuroses and bases of middle phalanges
extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis
innervation
deep fibular n.
L5, S1
extensor digitorum brevis
action
extension of MTP and PIP joints of 2nd to 4th toes
extensor hallucis brevis
insertion
dorsal aponeurosis and pp of 1st toe
extensor hallucis brevis
action
MTP joint extension of 1st toe
abductor hallucis
origin
medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
abductor hallucis
insertion
base of pp of 1st toe via medial sesamoid
abductor hallucis
innervation
medial plantar n.
S1, S2
abductor hallucis
action
1st MTP joint: flexion, abduction
supports longitudinal arch
flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi
origin
medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity
plantar aponeurosis
flexor digitorum brevis
insertion
sides of middle phalanges of 2nd to 5th toes
flexor digitorum brevis
innervation
medial plantar n.
S1, S2
flexor digitorum brevis
action
flexes MTP and PIP joints of 2nd to 5th toes
supports longitudinal arch
abductor digiti minimi
insertion
base of pp of 5th toe
at tuberosity of 5th mt
abductor digiti minimi
innervation
lateral plantar n.
S1-S3
abductor digiti minimi
action
flexes MTP joint and does abduction of 5th toe
supports longitudinal arch
qudratus plantae
origin
medial and plantar borders of calcaneal tuberosity
qudratus plantae
insertion
flexor digitorum longus tendon (lateral border)
quadratus plantae
innervation
lateral plantar n.
S1-S3
quadratus plantae
action
redirects and augments the pull of flexor digitorum longus
lumbricals
origin
medial border of flexor digitorum longus tendon
lumbricals
insertion
dorsal aponeuroses of 2nd to 5th toes
lumbricals
innervation
1st: medial plantar n.
S2, S3
2nd to 4th: lateral plantar n.
S2, S3
lumbricals
action
2nd to 5th toes: Flexes MTP and extends IP joints
adducts toward big toe
flexor hallucis brevis
origin
cuboid
lateral cuneiforms
plantar calcaneocuboid lig.
flexor hallucis brevis
insertion
base of pp of 1st toe
flexor hallucis brevis
innervation
medial and lateral plantar nn.
S1, S2
flexor hallucis brevis
action
flexes first MTP joint
supports longitudinal arch
adductor hallucis
origin
Oblique: 2nd to 4th mt bases
Transverse: MTPs of 3rd to 5th toes, deep transverse mt lig.
adductor hallucis
insertion
base of 1st pp
adductor hallucis
innervation
lateral plantar n., deep branch
S2, S3
adductor hallucis
action
Flexes first MTP joint, adducts big toe,
Oblique: supports longitudinal arch,
Transverse: supports transverse arch
flexor digiti minimi brevis
origin
5th mt base
long plantar lig.
flexor digiti minimi brevis
insertion
5th toe base of pp
flexor digiti minimi brevis
innervation
lateral plantar n., superficial branch
S2, S3
flexor digiti minimi brevis
action
flexes MTP joint of little toe
plantar interossei
origin
medial borders of 3rd to 5th mt
plantar interossei
insertion
medial base of pp of 3rd to 5th toes
plantar interossei and dorsal interossei
innervation
lateral plantar n.
S2, S3
plantar interossei
action
3rd to 5th toes: flexes MTP and extends IP joints,
adducts toward 2nd toe
dorsal interossei
origin
1st to 5th mt (by 2 heads on opposing sides)
dorsal interossei
insertion
1st: 2nd pp medial base
2nd to 4th: 2nd to 4th lateral base pp,
2nd to 4th dorsal aponeuroses of toes
dorsal interossei
action
2nd to 4th toes: flexes MTP and extends IP joints,
adducts from 2nd toe