Muscles of upper extremity Flashcards
Latissimus dorsi
Attachments: from lower thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia & iliac crest to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Actions: humeral adduction, extension & medial rotation
Innervation: thoracodorsal n.
Blood supply: thoracodorsal a.
Levator scapulae (C4-5)
Attachments: from the upper cervical transverse processes to the superior angle of the scapula
Actions: elevation & inferior rotation of the lateral angle of the scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular n.
Blood supply: deep branch of transverse cervical & vertebral aa.
Pectoralis major
Attachments: from clavicle, costal cartilages & sternum to the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Actions: humeral adduction, flexion & medial rotation
Innervation: medial & lateral pectoral nn.
Blood supply: thoracoacromial a.
Pectoralis minor
Attachments: from ribs 3-5 to the coracoid process of the scapula
Actions: scapular protraction & assists with depression of the shoulder (assists with forced inspiration [with scapular fixation])
Innervation: medial & lateral pectoral nn.
Blood supply: thoracoacromial, superior thoracic & lateral thoracic aa.
Rhomboids (C4, 5)
Attachments: from the lower cervical & upper thoracic spinous processes to the medial border of the scapula
Actions: scapular retraction & inferior rotation of the lateral angle
Innervation: dorsal scapular n.
Blood supply: deep branch of transverse cervical & dorsal branches of posterior intercostal aa.
Serratus anterior (C5-7)
Attachments: from the upper 8-10 ribs to the deep, medial border of the scapula
Actions: scapular protraction & upward rotation of the lateral angle of the scapula
Innervation: long thoracic n.
Blood supply: lateral thoracic, superior thoracic, thoracodorsal & deep branch of transverse cervical aa.
Trapezius
Attachments: from the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, & cervical & thoracic spinous processes to the clavicle, acromion & scapular spine
Actions: scapular elevation, depression, retraction & superior rotation of the lateral angle
Innervation: accessory n. ( motor innervation) & C3-5 (sensory)
Blood supply: occipital (upper), superficial branch of the transverse cervical (middle) & deep branch of transverse cervical (lower) aa.
Omohyoid
Attachments: from the superior border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch to the lateral aspect of the hyoid passing through an intermediate tendon sling loosely associated with the clavicle & 1st rib
Actions: depression of the hyoid
Innervation: ansa cervicalis
Blood supply: superior thyroid a.
Deltoid (C5, 6)
Attachments: from the clavicle, acromion & spine of the scapula to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Actions: humeral flexion, medial rotation, abduction, extension & lateral rotation
Innervation: axillary n.
Blood supply: thoracoacromial, posterior & anterior circumflex humeral & profunda brachii aa.
Subscapularis
Attachments: from the subscapular fossa to the lesser tubercle of the humerus
Actions: stabilizes the glenohumeral joint, & medially rotates & adducts humerus
Innervation: upper & lower subscapular nn.
Blood supply: subscapular & axillary aa.
Supraspinatus
Attachments: from the supraspinous fossa to the greater tubercle of the humerus
Actions: initiates humeral abduction
Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)
Blood supply: suprascapular & axillary aa.
Teres major
Attachments: from the inferior angle of the scapula to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Actions: humeral adduction & medial rotation
Innervation: lower subscapular n.
Blood supply: thoracodorsal & posterior circumflex humeral aa.
Infraspinatus (C5, 6)
Attachments: from the infraspinous fossa to the greater tubercle of the humerus
Actions: stabilizes the glenohumeral joint & laterally rotates the humerus
Innervation: suprascapular n.
Blood supply: suprascapular & circumflex scapular aa.
Teres minor (C5, 6)
Attachments: from the lateral border of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus
Actions: stabilizes the glenohumeral joint & laterally rotates humerus
Innervation: axillary n.
Blood supply: circumflex scapular & posterior circumflex humeral
Biceps brachii (C5, 6)
Attachments: from the coracoid process (short head) & supraglenoid tubercle (long head) of the scapula to the radial tuberosity & deep antebrachial fascia (through the bicipital aponeurosis)
Actions: flexion of the arm & forearm, & supination of the forearm
Innervation: musculocutaneous n.
Blood supply: brachial & anterior circumflex humeral
Brachialis
Attachments: from the distal anterior shaft of the humerus to the coronoid process & ulnar tuberosity
Actions: flexion of the forearm
Innervation: musculocutaneous & radial nn.
Blood supply: brachial, radial collateral & inferior ulnar collateral aa.
Coracobrachialis
Attachments: from the coracoid process to the proximal medial shaft of the humerus
Actions: flexion & adduction of the arm
Innervation: musculocutaneous n.
Blood supply: axillary & anterior circumflex humeral aa.
Triceps brachii (C7, 8)
Attachments: from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head), proximal posterolateral shaft of humerus (lateral head) & distal posteromedial shaft of the humerus (medial head) to the olecranon process of the ulna
Actions: extension of the arm (long head) & extension of the forearm (long, lateral & medial heads)
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: axillary, profunda brachii, posterior circumflex humeral & superior ulnar collateral aa.
Abductor pollicis longus
Attachments: from proximal posterior radius, ulna & interosseous membrane to the anterior base of the 1st metacarpal & trapezium
Actions: abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: radial, posterior interosseous & perforating anterior interousseous aa.
Brachioradialis
Attachments: from the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus to the distal radius adjacent to the styloid process
Actions: flexes forearm
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: radial recurrent, radial collateral & radial aa.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Attachments: from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin) to the base of the 3rd metacarpal
Actions: extends and abducts hand at wrist
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: radial recurrent & radial aa.
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Attachments: from the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus to the base of the 2nd metacarpal
Actions: extends & abducts hand at wrist
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: radial recurrent, radial collateral & radial aa.
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Attachments: from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin) to the base of the 5th metacarpal
Actions: extends & adducts hand at wrist
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: radial recurrent & posterior interosseous aa.
Extensor digitorum
Attachments: from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin) to the extensor expansion of digits 2-5
Actions: extends phalanges (MP) & hand at wrist
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: radial recurrent & posterior interosseous aa.
Extensor digiti minimi
Attachments: from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin) to the digital expansion of the 5th digit
Actions: extends 5th digit (MP & IP)
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: radial recurrent & posterior interosseous aa.
Extensor indicis
Attachments: from the posterior surface of the ulna & interosseous membrane to the digital expansion of the 2nd digit
Actions: extends 2nd digit (MP & IP)
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: posterior interosseous a.
Extensor pollicis brevis
Attachments: from the posterior radial surface & interosseous membrane to the base of the 1st proximal phalanx
Actions: extends thumb (MP)
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: posterior interosseous & perforating anterior interosseous aa.
Extensor pollicis longus
Attachments: from the middle 1/3rd of the posterior surface of the ulna & interosseous membrane to the base of the 1st distal phalanx
Actions: extends thumb (MP & IP)
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: posterior interosseous & perforating anterior interosseous aa.
Flexor carpi radialis
Attachments: from the medial epicondyle (common flexor origin) to the palmar aspect fo the bases of the 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
Actions: flexes and abducts hand at wrist
Innervation: median n.
Blood supply: anterior ulnar recurrent & radial aa.
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Attachments: from the medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor origin) & proximal ulnar shaft to the pisiform
Actions: flexes & adducts hand at wrist
Innervation: ulnar n.
Blood supply: posterior ulnar recurrent, ulnar & inferior ulnar collateral aa.
Flexor digitorum profundus
Attachments: from the anterior proximal 2/3rds of the ulna & interosseous membrane to the base of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Actions: flexion of digits 2-5 (MP & IP), & flexion of hand at wrist
Innervation: median (tendons 2&3) & ulnar (tendons 4&5) nn.
Blood supply: ulnar & anterior interosseous aa.
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Attachments: from the medial epicondyle (common flexor origin) of the humerus to the sides of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Actions: flexion of digits (MP & proximal IP) & hand at wrist
Innervation: median n.
Blood supply: anterior ulnar recurrent, ulnar & radial aa.
Flexor pollicis longus
Attachments: from the anterior surface of the radius & interosseous membrane to the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Actions: flexes thumb (MP & IP)
Innervation: median n.
Blood supply: anterior interosseous & radial aa.
Palmaris longus
Attachments: from the medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor origin) to the palmar aponeurosis
Actions: flexes hand at wrist
Innervation: median n.
Blood supply: anterior ulnar recurrent a.
Pronator quadratus
Attachments: from the anterior surface of the distal radius to the anterior surface of the distal ulna
Actions: pronates the forearm
Innervation: median n.
Blood supply: anterior interosseous a.
Pronator teres
Attachments: from the medial epicondyle & ulnar coronoid process to lateral aspect of the radius
Actions: pronates & flexes forearm
Innervation: median n.
Blood supply: inferior ulnar collateral, anterior ulnar recurrent, common interosseous, ulnar & radial aa.
Supinator
Attachments: from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament & shaft (supinator crest) of the ulna to the lateral surface of the proximal radius
Actions: supinates forearm
Innervation: radial n.
Blood supply: radial recurrent & posterior interosseous aa.
Abductor digiti minimi (C8-T1)
Attachments: from the pisiform to the ulnar side of the proximal phalangeal base of the 5th digit
Actions: abducts 5th digit
Innervation: deep branch of the ulnar n.
Blood supply: superficial plamar arch, common digital a. & deep palmar branch of ulnar a.
Abductor pollicis brevis (C8-T1)
Attachments: from the flexor retinaculum to the radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Actions: abducts thumb
Innervation: recurrent branch of the median n.
Blood supply: radial a. & superficial palmar branch of radial a.
Adductor pollicis (C8-T1)
Attachments: from capitate & 2nd & 3rd metacarpals (oblique head) & the palmar aspect of the 3rd metacarpal to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Actions: adducts thumb
Innervation: deep branch of the ulnar n.
Blood supply: deep palmar arch, radialis indicis & princeps pollicis aa.
Dorsal interossei (C8-T1)
Attachments: from the adjacent sides of the metacarpals to the proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansion of digits 2-4
Actions: abducts & flexes (MP) & extends (IP) digits 2-4
Innervation: deep branch of the ulnar n.
Blood supply: deep palmar arch, palmar metacarpal, radial, radialis indicis, princeps pollicis & dorsal metacarpal aa.
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (C8-T1)
Attachments: from the hamate to the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
Action: flexes (MP) 5th digit
Innervation: deep branch of the ulnar n.
Blood supply: ? ulnar a. & common palmar digital a. ? (not stated in B Pages)
Flexor pollicis brevis (C8-T1)
Attachments: from the flexor retinaculum & trapezium to the radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Actions: flexes (MP) thumb
Innervation: recurrent branch of the median n. & deep branch of the ulnar n.
Blood supply: superficial palmar branch of radial a. & princeps pollicis a.
Lumbricals (C8-T1)
Attachments: from the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus to the radial side of the dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-5
Actions: flexes (MP) & extends (IP) digits 2-5
Innervation: deep branch of the ulnar n. (medial two lumbricals) & median n. (lateral two lumbricals)
Blood supply: common digital, metacarpal & dorsal digital aa.
Opponens digiti minimi (C8-T1)
Attachments: from the hook of hamate to the ulnar margin of the shaft of the 5th metacarpal
Actions: opposition of 5th digit to thumb
Innervation: deep branch of the ulnar n.
Blood supply: deep palmar arch & deep palmar branch of ulnar a.
Opponens pollicis (C8-T1)
Attachments: from the flexor retinaculum & trapezium to the palmar surface of the 1st metacarpal
Actions: opposition of thumb to 5th digit
Innervation: recurrent branch of the median n.
Blood supply: deep palmar arch, superficial palmar branch of radial, princeps pollicis & radialis indicis aa.
Palmar interossei (C8-T1)
Attachments: from the palmar aspects of metacarpals 2, 4, & 5 to the dorsal digital expansion of digits 2, 4 & 5
Actions: adducts (MP), flexes (MP) & extends (IP) digits 2, 4, & 5
Innervation: deep branch of the ulnar n.
Blood supply: deep palmar arch, palmar metacarpal, princeps pollicis & radialis indicis
