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MBChb Glasgow Phase 2 L&B > Muscles of the thigh and gluteal region > Flashcards

Muscles of the thigh and gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

What groups can the muscles of the gluteal region be divided into?

A

Superficial abductors and extenders, and deep lateral rotators

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2
Q

What are the Superficial abductors and extenders

A

A group of large muscles that abduct and extend the femur. Includes the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata.

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3
Q

What are the deep lateral rotators?

A

group of smaller muscles that mainly act to laterally rotate the femur. Includes the quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior and obturator internus.

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4
Q

What is the gluteus maximus?

A

The largest of the gluteal muscles, it’s also the most superficial, producing the shape of the buttocks

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5
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS?

A

the gluteal (posterior) surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS?

A

It slopes across the buttock at a 45 degree angle, then inserts into the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

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7
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS?

A

It is the main extensor of the thigh, and assists with lateral rotation. However, it is only used when force is required, such as running or climbing.

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8
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve.

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9
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS?

A

the gluteal surface of the ilium

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10
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS?

A

the lateral surface of the greater trochanter

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11
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS?

A

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb. During locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.

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12
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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13
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the GLUTEUS MINIMUS?

A

the ilium

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14
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the GLUTEUS MINIMUS?

A

converges to form a tendon, inserting to the anterior side of the greater trochanter

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15
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the GLUTEUS MINIMUS?

A

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb. During locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.

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16
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the GLUTEUS MINIMUS?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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17
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the TENSOR FASCIA LATA?

A

the anterior iliac crest, attaching to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

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18
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the TENSOR FASCIA LATA?

A

the iliotibial tract, which itself attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia

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19
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the TENSOR FASCIA LATA?

A

Assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb. It also plays a supportive role in the gait cycle

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20
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the TENSOR FASCIA LATA?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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21
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the PISIFORMIS?

A

the anterior surface of the sacrum

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22
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the PISIFORMIS?

A

travels infero-laterally, through the greater sciatic foramen, to insert into the greater trochanter of the femur

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23
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the PISIFORMIS?

A

Lateral rotation and abduction

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24
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the PISIFORMIS?

A

Nerve to piriformis

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25
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the OBTURATOR INTERNUS?

A

the pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen

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26
Q

What is the obturator internus?

A

forms the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity

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27
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the OBTURATOR INTERNUS?

A

It travels through the lesser sciatic foramen, and attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur

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28
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the OBTURATOR INTERNUS?

A

Lateral rotation and abduction

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29
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the OBTURATOR INTERNUS?

A

Nerve to obturator internus

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30
Q

What are the superior and inferior Gemelli?

A

Two narrow and triangular muscles that are separated by the obturator internus tendon

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31
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GEMELLI?

A

Superior - the ischial spine

Inferior - the ischial tuberosity

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32
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GEMELLI?

A

they both attach to the greater trochanter of the femur

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33
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GEMELLI?

A

Lateral rotation and abduction

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34
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GEMELLI?

A

Superior - nerve to obturator internus

Inferior - nerve to quadratus femoris

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35
Q

What is the Quadratus femoris?

A

A flat, square-shaped muscle. It is the most inferior of the deep gluteal muscles and is located below the gemelli and obturator internus

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36
Q

what are the ORIGINS of the QUADRATUS FEMORIS?

A

The lateral side of the ischial tuberosity

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37
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the QUADRATUS FEMORIS?

A

The quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest

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38
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the QUADRATUS FEMORIS?

A

Lateral rotation

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39
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the QUADRATUS FEMORIS?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris

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40
Q

What are the sections of the musculature of the thigh?

A

Anterior, medial and posterior

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41
Q

What are the major muscles of the anterior thigh?

A

Pectineus, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris. The iliopsoas also passes through the anterior compartment

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42
Q

What is the Iliopsoas?

A

Made up of Psoas major and the iliacus.

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43
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the ILIOPSOAS?

A

Psoas major - lumbar vertebrae

Iliacus - Iliac fossa of the pelvis

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44
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the ILIOPSOAS?

A

The psoas major and iliacus come together and insert onto the lesser trochanter of the femur

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45
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the ILIOPSOAS?

A

Psoas major -The anterior rami of L1-3

Iliacus - the femoral nerve

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46
Q

What is the quadriceps femoris?

A

It consists of four individual muscles; three vastus and the rectus femoris. They form the main bulk of the thigh, and collectively are one of the most powerful muscles in the body

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47
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the VASTUS LATERALIS?

A

The greater trochanter and the lateral lip of linea aspera

48
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the VASTUS LATERALIS?

A

Unites with the other muscles of the quadriceps femoris and attaches to the patella via the quadriceps tendon

49
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the VASTUS LATERALIS?

A

Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella

50
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the VASTUS LATERALIS?

A

the femoral nerve

51
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the VASTUS INTERMEDIUS?

A

The anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral shaft

52
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the VASTUS INTERMEDIUS?

A

Unites with the other muscles of the quadriceps femoris and attaches to the patella via the quadriceps tendon

53
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the VASTUS INTERMEDIUS?

A

Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella

54
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the VASTUS INTERMEDIUS?

A

The femoral nerve

55
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the VASTUS MEDIALIS?

A

The intertrochanteric line and the medial lip of the linea aspera

56
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the VASTUS MEDIALIS?

A

Unites with the other muscles of the quadriceps femoris and attaches to the patella via the quadriceps tendon

57
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the VASTUS MEDIALIS?

A

Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella, particularly due to its horizontal fibres at the distal end

58
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the VASTUS MEDIALIS?

A

The femoral nerve

59
Q

What is the ORIGIN of the RECTUS FEMORIS?

A

The ilium just superior to the acetabulum

60
Q

What is the ATTACHMENTS of the RECTUS FEMORIS?

A

It runs down the leg and attaches to the patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon

61
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the RECTUS FEMORIS?

A

This is the only muscle of the quadriceps to cross both the hip and knee joints.
It flexes the thigh at the hip joint, and extends at the knee joint

62
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the RECTUS FEMORIS?

A

Femoral nerve

63
Q

What is the sartorius?

A

The longest muscle in the body.
It is a long, thin muscle that runs across the thigh in an inferomedial direction.
It is fairly superficial

64
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the SARTORIUS?

A

The anterior superior iliac spine

65
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the SARTORIUS?

A

The superior medial surface of the tibia

66
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the SARTORIUS?

A

It is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator of the hip joint
At the knee joint, it is a flexor

67
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the SARTORIUS?

A

Femoral nerve

68
Q

What is the pectineus?

A

A flat muscle that forms the base of the femoral triangle.

It is a transitional muscle between the anterior and medial thigh compartments

69
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the PECTINEUS?

A

The pectineal line on the anterior surface of the pelvis

70
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the PECTINEUS?

A

The pectineal line on the posterior side of the femur, just inferior to the lesser trochanter

71
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the PECTINEUS?

A

Adduction and flexion of the hip joint

72
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the PECTINEUS?

A

Femoral nerve but it may also receive a branch from the obturator nerve

73
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

They are collectively known as hip adductors and include the gracilis, obturator externus, adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus

74
Q

What is the adductor magnus?

A

The largest of the compartment, it lies posteriorly to the other muscles.

75
Q

What are the functional parts of the adductor magnus?

A

The adductor part and the hamstring part

76
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS?

A

Adductor part - the inferior rami of the pubis and the rami of ischium
Hamstring part - the ischial tuberosity

77
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS?

A

Adductor part - the linea aspera of the femur

hamstring part - the adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of the femur

78
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS?

A

Both parts of the muscle adduct the thigh.
The adductor part also flexes the thigh
The hamstring part extends the thigh

79
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS?

A

adductor part - the obturator nerve (L2-L4)

hamstring part - the tibial component of the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

80
Q

What is the adductor longus?

A

A large flat muscle, it partially covers the adductor brevis and magnus.
It forms the medial border of the femoral triangle

81
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the ADDUCTOR LONGUS?

A

The pubis

82
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the ADDUCTOR LONGUS?

A

It expands into a fan shape attaching broadly to the linea aspera of the femur

83
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the ADDUCTOR LONGUS?

A

Adduction of the thigh

84
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the ADDUCTOR LONGUS?

A

Obturator nerve (l2-L4)

85
Q

What is the adductor brevis?

A

A short muscle that lies under the adductor longus

86
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the ADDUCTOR BREVIS?

A

The body of the pubis and inferior pubic rami

87
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the ADDUCTOR BREVIS?

A

The linea aspera on the posterior surface of the femur, proximal to the adductor longus

88
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the ADDUCTOR BREVIS?

A

Adduction of the thigh

89
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the ADDUCTOR BREVIS?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

90
Q

What is the obturator externus?

A

One of the smaller muscles of the medial thigh, located most superiorly

91
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the OBTURATOR EXTERNUS?

A

The membrane of the obturator foramen, and adjacent bone

92
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the OBTURATOR EXTERNUS?

A

It passes from its origin under the neck of femur, attaching to the posterior aspect of the greater trochanter

93
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the OBTURATOR EXTERNUS?

A

Adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

94
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the OBTURATOR EXTERNUS?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

95
Q

What is the Gracilis?

A

The most superficial and medial of the muscles in the medial compartment

96
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the GRACILIS?

A

The inferior rami of the pubis and the body of the pubis

97
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the GRACILIS?

A

It travels from its origin almost vertically down the leg and attaches to the medial surface of the tibia between the tendons of the sartorius (anteriorly) and the semitendinosus (posteriorly)

98
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the GRACILIS?

A

Adduction of the thigh at the hip, and flexion of the leg at the knee

99
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the GRACILIS?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

100
Q

What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus

101
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh collectively known as?

A

The hamstrings

102
Q

What is the Bicep femoris?

A

It has two heads (long and short) and is the most lateral of the muscles in the posterior thigh

103
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the BICEPS FEMORIS?

A

Long head - Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis

Short head - the linea aspera on the posterior surface of the femur

104
Q

Where are the ATTACHMENTS of the BICEPS FEMORIS?

A

The two heads form a tendon which inserts into the head of the fibula

105
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the BICEPS FEMORIS?

A

Flexion and lateral rotation at the knee, extension and lateral rotation at the hip

106
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the BICEPS FEMORIS?

A

Long head - tibial part of the sciatic nerve

Short head - common fibular part of the sciatic nerve

107
Q

What is the semitendinosus?

A

A largely tendinous muscle that lies medially to the biceps femoris and covers the majority of the semimembranosus

108
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the SEMITENDINOSUS?

A

The ischial tuberosity of the pelvis

109
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the SEMITENDINOSUS?

A

The medial surface of the tibia

110
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the SEMITENDINOSUS?

A

Flexion of the leg and medial rotation at the knee joint, extension and medial rotation at the hip

111
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the SEMITENDINOSUS?

A

The tibial part of the sciatic nerve

112
Q

What is the semimembranosus?

A

A flattened and broad muscle. It is located under the semitendinosus

113
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the SEMIMEMBRANOSUS?

A

The ischial tuberosity, but more superiorly than the semitendinosus and biceps femoris

114
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the SEMIMEMBRANOSUS?

A

The medial tibial condyle

115
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the SEMIMEMBRANOSUS?

A

Flexion and medial rotation at the knee joint, extension and medial rotation at the hip joint

116
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the SEMIMEMBRANOSUS?

A

The tibial part of the sciatic nerve

MBChb Glasgow Phase 2 L&B (3 decks)

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