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MBChb Glasgow Phase 2 L&B > Muscles of the thigh and gluteal region > Flashcards

Muscles of the thigh and gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

What groups can the muscles of the gluteal region be divided into?

A

Superficial abductors and extenders, and deep lateral rotators

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2
Q

What are the Superficial abductors and extenders

A

A group of large muscles that abduct and extend the femur. Includes the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata.

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3
Q

What are the deep lateral rotators?

A

group of smaller muscles that mainly act to laterally rotate the femur. Includes the quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior and obturator internus.

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4
Q

What is the gluteus maximus?

A

The largest of the gluteal muscles, it’s also the most superficial, producing the shape of the buttocks

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5
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS?

A

the gluteal (posterior) surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS?

A

It slopes across the buttock at a 45 degree angle, then inserts into the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

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7
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS?

A

It is the main extensor of the thigh, and assists with lateral rotation. However, it is only used when force is required, such as running or climbing.

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8
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve.

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9
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS?

A

the gluteal surface of the ilium

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10
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS?

A

the lateral surface of the greater trochanter

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11
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS?

A

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb. During locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.

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12
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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13
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the GLUTEUS MINIMUS?

A

the ilium

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14
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the GLUTEUS MINIMUS?

A

converges to form a tendon, inserting to the anterior side of the greater trochanter

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15
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the GLUTEUS MINIMUS?

A

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb. During locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.

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16
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the GLUTEUS MINIMUS?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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17
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the TENSOR FASCIA LATA?

A

the anterior iliac crest, attaching to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

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18
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the TENSOR FASCIA LATA?

A

the iliotibial tract, which itself attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia

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19
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the TENSOR FASCIA LATA?

A

Assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb. It also plays a supportive role in the gait cycle

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20
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the TENSOR FASCIA LATA?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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21
Q

What are the ORIGINS of the PISIFORMIS?

A

the anterior surface of the sacrum

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22
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the PISIFORMIS?

A

travels infero-laterally, through the greater sciatic foramen, to insert into the greater trochanter of the femur

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23
Q

What are the ACTIONS of the PISIFORMIS?

A

Lateral rotation and abduction

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24
Q

What is the INNERVATION of the PISIFORMIS?

A

Nerve to piriformis

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25
What are the ORIGINS of the OBTURATOR INTERNUS?
the pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen
26
What is the obturator internus?
forms the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity
27
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the OBTURATOR INTERNUS?
It travels through the lesser sciatic foramen, and attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur
28
What are the ACTIONS of the OBTURATOR INTERNUS?
Lateral rotation and abduction
29
What is the INNERVATION of the OBTURATOR INTERNUS?
Nerve to obturator internus
30
What are the superior and inferior Gemelli?
Two narrow and triangular muscles that are separated by the obturator internus tendon
31
What are the ORIGINS of the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GEMELLI?
Superior - the ischial spine | Inferior - the ischial tuberosity
32
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GEMELLI?
they both attach to the greater trochanter of the femur
33
What are the ACTIONS of the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GEMELLI?
Lateral rotation and abduction
34
What is the INNERVATION of the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GEMELLI?
Superior - nerve to obturator internus | Inferior - nerve to quadratus femoris
35
What is the Quadratus femoris?
A flat, square-shaped muscle. It is the most inferior of the deep gluteal muscles and is located below the gemelli and obturator internus
36
what are the ORIGINS of the QUADRATUS FEMORIS?
The lateral side of the ischial tuberosity
37
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the QUADRATUS FEMORIS?
The quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest
38
What are the ACTIONS of the QUADRATUS FEMORIS?
Lateral rotation
39
What is the INNERVATION of the QUADRATUS FEMORIS?
Nerve to quadratus femoris
40
What are the sections of the musculature of the thigh?
Anterior, medial and posterior
41
What are the major muscles of the anterior thigh?
Pectineus, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris. The iliopsoas also passes through the anterior compartment
42
What is the Iliopsoas?
Made up of Psoas major and the iliacus.
43
What are the ORIGINS of the ILIOPSOAS?
Psoas major - lumbar vertebrae | Iliacus - Iliac fossa of the pelvis
44
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the ILIOPSOAS?
The psoas major and iliacus come together and insert onto the lesser trochanter of the femur
45
What is the INNERVATION of the ILIOPSOAS?
Psoas major -The anterior rami of L1-3 | Iliacus - the femoral nerve
46
What is the quadriceps femoris?
It consists of four individual muscles; three vastus and the rectus femoris. They form the main bulk of the thigh, and collectively are one of the most powerful muscles in the body
47
What are the ORIGINS of the VASTUS LATERALIS?
The greater trochanter and the lateral lip of linea aspera
48
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the VASTUS LATERALIS?
Unites with the other muscles of the quadriceps femoris and attaches to the patella via the quadriceps tendon
49
What are the ACTIONS of the VASTUS LATERALIS?
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella
50
What is the INNERVATION of the VASTUS LATERALIS?
the femoral nerve
51
What are the ORIGINS of the VASTUS INTERMEDIUS?
The anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral shaft
52
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the VASTUS INTERMEDIUS?
Unites with the other muscles of the quadriceps femoris and attaches to the patella via the quadriceps tendon
53
What are the ACTIONS of the VASTUS INTERMEDIUS?
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella
54
What is the INNERVATION of the VASTUS INTERMEDIUS?
The femoral nerve
55
What are the ORIGINS of the VASTUS MEDIALIS?
The intertrochanteric line and the medial lip of the linea aspera
56
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the VASTUS MEDIALIS?
Unites with the other muscles of the quadriceps femoris and attaches to the patella via the quadriceps tendon
57
What are the ACTIONS of the VASTUS MEDIALIS?
Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella, particularly due to its horizontal fibres at the distal end
58
What is the INNERVATION of the VASTUS MEDIALIS?
The femoral nerve
59
What is the ORIGIN of the RECTUS FEMORIS?
The ilium just superior to the acetabulum
60
What is the ATTACHMENTS of the RECTUS FEMORIS?
It runs down the leg and attaches to the patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon
61
What are the ACTIONS of the RECTUS FEMORIS?
This is the only muscle of the quadriceps to cross both the hip and knee joints. It flexes the thigh at the hip joint, and extends at the knee joint
62
What is the INNERVATION of the RECTUS FEMORIS?
Femoral nerve
63
What is the sartorius?
The longest muscle in the body. It is a long, thin muscle that runs across the thigh in an inferomedial direction. It is fairly superficial
64
What are the ORIGINS of the SARTORIUS?
The anterior superior iliac spine
65
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the SARTORIUS?
The superior medial surface of the tibia
66
What are the ACTIONS of the SARTORIUS?
It is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator of the hip joint At the knee joint, it is a flexor
67
What is the INNERVATION of the SARTORIUS?
Femoral nerve
68
What is the pectineus?
A flat muscle that forms the base of the femoral triangle. | It is a transitional muscle between the anterior and medial thigh compartments
69
What are the ORIGINS of the PECTINEUS?
The pectineal line on the anterior surface of the pelvis
70
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the PECTINEUS?
The pectineal line on the posterior side of the femur, just inferior to the lesser trochanter
71
What are the ACTIONS of the PECTINEUS?
Adduction and flexion of the hip joint
72
What is the INNERVATION of the PECTINEUS?
Femoral nerve but it may also receive a branch from the obturator nerve
73
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
They are collectively known as hip adductors and include the gracilis, obturator externus, adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus
74
What is the adductor magnus?
The largest of the compartment, it lies posteriorly to the other muscles.
75
What are the functional parts of the adductor magnus?
The adductor part and the hamstring part
76
What are the ORIGINS of the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS?
Adductor part - the inferior rami of the pubis and the rami of ischium Hamstring part - the ischial tuberosity
77
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS?
Adductor part - the linea aspera of the femur | hamstring part - the adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of the femur
78
What are the ACTIONS of the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS?
Both parts of the muscle adduct the thigh. The adductor part also flexes the thigh The hamstring part extends the thigh
79
What is the INNERVATION of the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS?
adductor part - the obturator nerve (L2-L4) | hamstring part - the tibial component of the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
80
What is the adductor longus?
A large flat muscle, it partially covers the adductor brevis and magnus. It forms the medial border of the femoral triangle
81
What are the ORIGINS of the ADDUCTOR LONGUS?
The pubis
82
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the ADDUCTOR LONGUS?
It expands into a fan shape attaching broadly to the linea aspera of the femur
83
What are the ACTIONS of the ADDUCTOR LONGUS?
Adduction of the thigh
84
What is the INNERVATION of the ADDUCTOR LONGUS?
Obturator nerve (l2-L4)
85
What is the adductor brevis?
A short muscle that lies under the adductor longus
86
What are the ORIGINS of the ADDUCTOR BREVIS?
The body of the pubis and inferior pubic rami
87
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the ADDUCTOR BREVIS?
The linea aspera on the posterior surface of the femur, proximal to the adductor longus
88
What are the ACTIONS of the ADDUCTOR BREVIS?
Adduction of the thigh
89
What is the INNERVATION of the ADDUCTOR BREVIS?
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
90
What is the obturator externus?
One of the smaller muscles of the medial thigh, located most superiorly
91
What are the ORIGINS of the OBTURATOR EXTERNUS?
The membrane of the obturator foramen, and adjacent bone
92
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the OBTURATOR EXTERNUS?
It passes from its origin under the neck of femur, attaching to the posterior aspect of the greater trochanter
93
What are the ACTIONS of the OBTURATOR EXTERNUS?
Adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
94
What is the INNERVATION of the OBTURATOR EXTERNUS?
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
95
What is the Gracilis?
The most superficial and medial of the muscles in the medial compartment
96
What are the ORIGINS of the GRACILIS?
The inferior rami of the pubis and the body of the pubis
97
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the GRACILIS?
It travels from its origin almost vertically down the leg and attaches to the medial surface of the tibia between the tendons of the sartorius (anteriorly) and the semitendinosus (posteriorly)
98
What are the ACTIONS of the GRACILIS?
Adduction of the thigh at the hip, and flexion of the leg at the knee
99
What is the INNERVATION of the GRACILIS?
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
100
What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
101
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh collectively known as?
The hamstrings
102
What is the Bicep femoris?
It has two heads (long and short) and is the most lateral of the muscles in the posterior thigh
103
What are the ORIGINS of the BICEPS FEMORIS?
Long head - Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis | Short head - the linea aspera on the posterior surface of the femur
104
Where are the ATTACHMENTS of the BICEPS FEMORIS?
The two heads form a tendon which inserts into the head of the fibula
105
What are the ACTIONS of the BICEPS FEMORIS?
Flexion and lateral rotation at the knee, extension and lateral rotation at the hip
106
What is the INNERVATION of the BICEPS FEMORIS?
Long head - tibial part of the sciatic nerve | Short head - common fibular part of the sciatic nerve
107
What is the semitendinosus?
A largely tendinous muscle that lies medially to the biceps femoris and covers the majority of the semimembranosus
108
What are the ORIGINS of the SEMITENDINOSUS?
The ischial tuberosity of the pelvis
109
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the SEMITENDINOSUS?
The medial surface of the tibia
110
What are the ACTIONS of the SEMITENDINOSUS?
Flexion of the leg and medial rotation at the knee joint, extension and medial rotation at the hip
111
What is the INNERVATION of the SEMITENDINOSUS?
The tibial part of the sciatic nerve
112
What is the semimembranosus?
A flattened and broad muscle. It is located under the semitendinosus
113
What are the ORIGINS of the SEMIMEMBRANOSUS?
The ischial tuberosity, but more superiorly than the semitendinosus and biceps femoris
114
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the SEMIMEMBRANOSUS?
The medial tibial condyle
115
What are the ACTIONS of the SEMIMEMBRANOSUS?
Flexion and medial rotation at the knee joint, extension and medial rotation at the hip joint
116
What is the INNERVATION of the SEMIMEMBRANOSUS?
The tibial part of the sciatic nerve

MBChb Glasgow Phase 2 L&B (3 decks)

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