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Anatomy of the limbs > Muscles of the shoulder > Flashcards

Muscles of the shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of the Supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

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2
Q

Insertion of the Supraspinatus

A

1) greater tubercle

2) superior aspect of the capsule of the shoulder joint

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3
Q

Actions of the supraspinatus

A

1) Stabilises the shoulder joint by reinforcing the capsule

2) Assists the deltoid in abduction (together they abduct the shoulder about 120 degrees)

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4
Q

Origin of the infraspinatus

A

Infraspinous fossa

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5
Q

Insertion of the Infraspinatus

A

Greater tubercle (posterior surface)

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6
Q

Insertion of Teres minor

A

greater tubercle (below infraspinatus)

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7
Q

Origin of teres minor

A

Scapula (lateral border)

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8
Q

What tendons fuse with the capsule of the shoulder joint?

A 
Tendons of the:
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supraspinatus 
Subscapularis
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9
Q

Function and components of rotator cuff?

A

Function: Stabilise shoulder joint

Made up of 4 muscles:
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
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10
Q

Origin of Pectoralis major

A

CLAVICULAR HEAD - Medial 1/3 of clavicle

STERNOCOSTAL HEAD - sternum and costal cartilages

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11
Q

Nerve supply of pectoralis major muscle

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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12
Q

Action of pectoralis major muscle

A

large muscle that connects the upper part of the chest wall to the upper extremity
Clavicular fibres flex the humerus
Sternocostal fibres adduct and medially rotate humerus at shoulder joint
If upper limb is abducted and fixed, it can act as an accessory muscle of respiration

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13
Q

Test for the pectoralis major

A

CLAVICULAR HEAD - ask patient to push arm forward (flex) against resistance
STERNOCOSTAL HEAD - abduct the arm 60 degrees and adduct it against resistance. Contracting heads can be seen and felt.

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14
Q

Origin of Pectoralis minor (P minor lies deep to P major)

A

3rd-5th rib / 2nd-4th rib

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15
Q

Insertion of pectoralis minor

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

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16
Q

Nerve supply of pectoralis minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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17
Q

Action of pectoralis minor

A

Draws the scapula (and hence the arm) forwards - PROTRACTION of the shoulder. Also depresses shoulder

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18
Q

Origin of serratus anterior

A

series of digitation from the upper 8 ribs

19
Q

Insertion of serratus anterior

A

Costal surface of the scapula along its medial border (the muscle forming the medial wall of the axilla lies between the scapula and the chest wall before reaching its insertion

20
Q

Nerve supply of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve from the roots of the brachial plexus

21
Q

Action of serratus anterior

A

Protraction (forward movement) of scapula e.g. pushing, punching

22
Q

Origin of the trapezius

A

EXTERNAL OCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCE + SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE
LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE - fibroelastic tissue connecting the muscles to the spines of the cervical vertebrae
SPINOUS PROCESSES OF C7 - T12

23
Q

Shape and general position of trapezius

A 
triangular muscle (muscle on two sides together has the form of a trapezium)
Covers the back and most of the trunk and connects the trunk to the upper extremity.
Contributes to the wide range of movements of the shoulder
24
Q

Insertion of the trapezius

A

Upper fibres = lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Middle fibres = acromion
Lower fibres = spine of scapula

25
Q

Nerve supply of trapezius

A

Spinal part of accessory nerve

26
Q

Actions of the trapezius

A

Rotates scapula so that gleanoid fossa faces upwards (with help of serratus anterior). Important for raising the arm above the level of the shoulder.
Upper fibres = elevate shoulder e.g. shrugging
All fibres of muscle help to retract scapula

27
Q

origin of latissimus dorsi

Large superficial muscle in lower half of back. Wraps around chest wall, contributes to posterior axillary fold

A

Inferior T + L vertebrae
Sacrum
Iliac crest
9th-12th ribs

28
Q

Insertion of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Bicipital groove of humerus

29
Q

Nerve supply of latissimus dorsi

A

thoraco dorsal nerve (C6,7, 8) from posterior cord of brachial plexus

30
Q

Actions of latissimus dorsi

A

Extension, medial rotation and adduction of shoulder (e.g. scratching the opposite scapula)

31
Q

Nerve supply of latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7, 8) from posterior cord of brachial plexus

32
Q

Actions of latissimus dorsi

A

Extension, medial rotation and adduction of shoulder (e.g. scratching the opposite scapula)

33
Q

Actions of latissimus dorsi

A

Extension, medial rotation and adduction of shoulder (e.g. scratching the opposite scapula)

34
Q

Insertion of rhomboid major and minor

A

medial border of the scapula (rhomboids lie deep to the trapezius)

35
Q

Origin of the Deltoid

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

36
Q

Insertion of deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity at the middle of the shaft of the humerus

37
Q

Action of deltoid

A

Anterior fibres = help pectorals major to flex shoulder
Lateral fibres = combine with supraspinatus to abduct the shoulder
Posterior fibres = extend joint (along with latissimus doors and teres major)

38
Q

Test of deltoid

A

Hold the arm in the abducted position against resistance. Inability to do so suggests paralysis of the muscle

39
Q

Nerve supply of deltoid

A

Axillary nerve - branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, passing through the quadrangular space, round the posterior neck of the humerus to enter the muscle

40
Q

What are the superficial flexors of the forearm? (anterior muscles)

A

1) Pronator teres
2) Flexor carpi radialis
3) Palmaris longus
4) Flexor digitorum superficialis
5) Flexor carpi ulnaris

41
Q

What are the deep flexors of the forearm? (anterior muscles)

A 
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus (underneath)
42
Q

What are the superficial extensors of the forearm? (posterior muscles)

A

1) Extensor carpi radialis longus
2) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
3) Extensor digitorum
4) Extensor digiti minimi
5) Extensor carpi ulnaris

43
Q

What are the deep extensors of the forearm? (posterior muscles)

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
44
Q

Nerve supply of the arm

A 
Arm flexors (anterior) = musculocutaneous
Arm extensors (posterior) = radial
Forearm flexors (anterior) = median EXCEPT Flexor Carpi Ulnaris + 1/2 Flexor digitorum profundus 9both ulnar) + Brachioradialis (radial)
Hand flexors = ulnar EXCEPT LLOAF

Anatomy of the limbs (3 decks)

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