muscles of the Shoulder

Question 1

Subscapularis

Answer 1

O: Subscapular fossa of scapula
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
N: Upper/lower subscapular nerves (C5 - C6)
F: Arm internal rotation;Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity

Question 2

Teres minor

Answer 2

O: Lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
F: Arm external rotation/ Arm adduction

Question 3

Supraspinatus

Answer 3

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
N: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
F: Arm aBduction ‘empty can test’

Question 4

Infraspinatus

Answer 4

O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
N: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
F: Arm external rotation

Question 5

Deltoid

Answer 5

O: Lateral third of clavicle; Acromion of scapula: Spine of scapula I: Detoid tuberosity
N: Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
F: Arm flexion, Arm internal rotation (clavicular part), Arm abduction (acromial part), Arm extension, Arm lateral rotation (spinal part)

Question 6

Teres Major

Answer 6

O: Inferior angle and lower part of lateral border of scapula
I: Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
N: Lower subscapular or thoracodorsal nerves (C5- C7)
F: Shoulder joint: Arm internal rotation, Arm extension, Arm aDDuction
F:

Question 7

Coracobrachialis

Answer 7

O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: Anteromedial surface of humeral shaft
N: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 - C6)
F: Forearm flexion & supination;

Question 8

Biceps Brachii

Answer 8

O: Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapulaShort head:Coracoid process of scapula I: Radial tuberosity
N: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 -C6
F: Forearm flexion and supination

Question 9

Brachialis

Answer 9

O: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity, Coronoid process of ulna
N: Musculocutaneous nerve Radial nerve (C5-C7)
F: Forearm flexion

Question 10

Triceps

Answer 10

O: Long: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, L: Posterior surface of humerus, M: Posterior surface of humerus (superior/inferior radial groove) I: Olecranon of ulna
N: Radial nerve (C6 - C8)
F: Arm ext and adduction (long head); forearm ext

Question 11

Anconeus

Answer 11

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Lateral surface olecranon
N: Radial nerve (C7, C8)
F: Assists in forearm extension at the elbow/stabilisation

Question 12

Muscles that Internally rotate the arm

Answer 12

Subscapularis, Teres Major, Pec major,

Latissimus Doris, Deltoid (anterior)

Question 13

Muscles that externally rotate the arm at the shoulder

Answer 13

Teres Minor
Infraspinatus
Deltoid (posterior)

Question 14

Muscles that ABDuct the shoulder

Answer 14

Supraspinatus

Deltoid

Question 15

Muscles that ADDuct the shoulder

Answer 15

Pec Major
Coracobrachialis
Teres Major
Lattisimus

Question 16

Muscles that flex the shoulder

Answer 16

Biceps (long head)
Pec Major
Deltoid
Coracobrachialis

Question 17

Muscles that extend the shoulder

Answer 17

Teres Major, lattisimus Dorsi, Pec Major (to midline), Deltoid posterior, Triceps (long head)

Question 18

Inserts on the greater tubercle of humerus

Answer 18

Teres Minor
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus

Question 19

Inserts on the lesser tubercle or humerus

Answer 19

Subscapularis

Teres Major

Question 20

Upper Trapezius (descending)

Answer 20

O: S. Nuchal line/ligament, external occipital protuberance, cervical Vertebrae
I: lateral 1/3 of clavicle
N: Accessary nerve CN XI
F: elevates scapula, lateral/extension & flexion of the head & neck

Question 21

Middle trapezius (transverse)

Answer 21

O: spinous process of T1-T4
I: medial acromion/crest of spine of scapula
N: Accessory nerve CX- X1
F: Draws scapula medially

Question 22

Lower (Ascending) Trapezuis

Answer 22

O: Spinous process T5-T12
I: medial end of the of the spine of the scapula
N: Accessory nerve CN X1
F: Draws scapula inferomedially

Question 23

Lavator Scapula

Answer 23

O: Transverse process vertebrae C1- C4
I: Medial border of scapula (superior angle to root spine of scapula)
N: Anterior rami of spinal nerve C3-C4 (Via cervical plexus)
F: cervical joints laterally flex the neck, rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scapula downwards

Question 24

Rhomboid Major

Answer 24

O: T2- T5 (spinous process)
I: medial border of scapula (inferior to root spine)
N: Dorsal scapula nerve C5
F: Draws scapula superiomedially, rotates the glenoid cavity

Question 25

Rhomboid Minor

Answer 25

O: nuchal line, spinous process of C7- T1
I: root (medial end) of spine of scapula
N: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
F: Draws scapula superiomedially, rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly

Question 26

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 26

O: Spinous process T7 - T12, thoracolumbar fascia, Posterior crest of ilium, ribs 9-12, inferior angle of scapula
I: intertubercle sulcas on humerus
N: thoracdorsal nerve
F: Arm internal rotation, aDDuction, extension (assists in respiration)

Question 27

Serratus Anterior (SALT)

Answer 27

O: Ribs 1-9
I: medial border of Scapula (superior, inferior and medial border)
N: SALT - serratus anterior long thoracic
F: Draws inferior angle laterally
C5, C6, C7 raise your hands toward the heavens- boxers muscle lifting the ribs and assists breathing

Question 28

Serratus Posterior inferior

Answer 28

O: Spinous process T11-L2
I: inferior border of ribs 9-12
N: Anterior rami of spinal nerves T9-T12, 9th-12th intercostal & subcostal nerves
F: Depresses Ribs / inferoposteriorly