muscles of the hip

Question 1

Which are the flexors of the hip?

Answer 1

1. Iliopsoas (prime mover)
2. Rectus Femoris
3. Sartorius
4. Tensor Fasciae Latae
   * Assisted by: Pectineus and Gracilis

Question 2

The Quadriceps Femoris Group consists of the muscles:

Answer 2

1. Rectus Femoris
2. Vastus Medialis
3. Vastus Lateralis
4. Vastus Intermedius

Question 3

Musculus Iliopsoas consists of the muscles:

Answer 3

1. Iliacus
2. Psoas Major
3. Psoas Minor (present in 50% of the population and insignificant in the other half)

Question 4

Origin, insertion and innervation of Iliacus:

Answer 4

O: Iliac fossa
I: Lesser Trochanter
Inn: femoral nerve

Question 5

Origin, insertion and innervation of Psoas Major:

Answer 5

O: Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: Lesser trochanter
Inn: ventral rami L1,2,3 nerves

Question 6

Origin, insertion and innervation of Rectus Femoris:

Answer 6

O: AIIS + above acetabulum (two heads)
I: Tibial Tuberosity
Inn: Femoral nerve

Question 7

Which are the actions in the hip of Sartorius?

Answer 7

• Flexion
• Abduction
• Lateral rotation

Question 8

Origin, insertion and innervation of Sartorius:

Answer 8

O: ASIS
I: Medial side of tibia
Inn: Femoral nerve

Question 9

Which are the extensors of the hip?

Answer 9

1. Gluteus maximus (prime mover)
   * Assisted by: Gluteus Medius + Minimus
2. Hamstrings
   * Assisted by: Adductor magnus

Question 10

Origin, insertion and innervation of Gluteus Maximus:

Answer 10

O: Ileum-posterior gluteal line / Sacrum / coccyx
I: Iliotibial Tract = 3/4 of muscle (superficial layers)
Femur - gluteal tuberosity + linea aspera remaining 1/4 of muscle
Inn: Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 11

Hamstrings consist of 3 parts:

Answer 11

posterolateral -> m. Biceps Femoris

posteromedial -> m. Semimembranosus + m. Semitendinosus

Question 12

Origin, insertion and innervation of Biceps Femoris:

Answer 12

O: Long head - Ischial tuberosity
Short head - lateral lip of linea aspera
I: Head of the fibula
Inn: sciatic nerve

Question 13

Origin, insertion and innervation of Semitendinosus:

Answer 13

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Proximal, medial shaft of the tibia
Inn: sciatic nerve

Question 14

Origin, insertion and innervation of Semimembranosus:

Answer 14

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
Inn: sciatic nerve

Question 15

Which are the abductors of the hip?

Answer 15

1. Gluteus Medius (prime mover)
2. Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL)
3. Gluteus Minimus
   * Assisted by:
   - Gluteus Maximus
   - Piriformis

Question 16

Origin, insertion and innervation of Gluteus medius + minimus:

Answer 16

O: Gluteal surface of Ilium (just below the Iliac crest)
I: Lateral aspect of greater trochanter
Inn: superior gluteal nerve

Question 17

Origin, insertion and innervation of Tensor Fasciae Latae:

Answer 17

O: Iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS
I: Iliotibial tract
Inn: Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 18

The functions of Iliotibial tract are:

Answer 18

• Stabilizing the pelvis on the hip
• Stabilizing the knee
• Supports the femur

Question 19

What is the ‘‘Trandelenburg sign’’ ?

Answer 19

weak abductors

Question 20

The insertion of Iliotibial tract is:

Answer 20

Lateral condyle of tibia

Question 21

Which are the adductors of the hip?

Answer 21

1. Adductor Magnus (prime mover)
2. Adductor Longus
3. Adductor Brevis
4. Gracilis
5. Pectineus
   * Assisted by:
   - Gluteus maximus
   - Hamstrings
   - Quadratus femoris

Question 22

Origin, insertion and innervation of Adductor Magnus:

won’t be in the exam

Answer 22

O: Ischium tuberosity
I: Medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle
Inn: Obturator and sciatic nerve

Question 23

Adductor Magnus is Synergist (helper) for:

Answer 23

• Hip extension

- Medial rotation

Question 24

Origin, insertion and innervation of Adductor Longus:

Answer 24

O: Pubic tubercle
I: medial lip of linea aspera (femur)
Inn: Obturator nerve

Question 25

Origin, insertion and innervation of Adductor Brevis: | won't be in the exam

Answer 25

O: inferior ramus of pubis I: Pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera (femur) Inn: Obturator nerve

Question 26

Origin, insertion and innervation of Pectineus: | won't be in the exam

Answer 26

O: Superior ramen of pubis I: lesser trochanter Inn: femoral nerve

Question 27

Origin, insertion and innervation of Gracilis:

Answer 27

O: inferior ramen of pubis I: medial surface tibia Inn: Obturator nerve

Question 28

Which adductor muscle is bi-articular muscle ?

Answer 28

Gracilis (hip and knee)

Question 29

Which muscles are medially rotating the hip?

Answer 29

1. Gluteus medius 2. Tensor Fasciae Latae 3. Gluteus minimus * Some assistance by: - Adductor magnus - Pectineus

Question 30

Which muscles are laterally rotating the hip?

Answer 30

1. Gluteus maximus 2. Piriformis 3. Sartorius 4. Obturator externus and internus 5. Gemellus superior and inferior 6. Quadratus femoris 7. Adductor magnus 8. Gluteus medius + minimus

Question 31

Origin, insertion and action of Piriformis:

Answer 31

O: Anterior surface of sacrum I: superior aspect of greater trochanter A: Laterally rotate the hip Abduct the hip when the hip is flexed

Question 32

Origin, insertion and action of Quadratus Femoris:

Answer 32

O: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity I: Intertrochanteric crest ( between the greater and lesser trochanter) A: Laterally rotate the hip

Question 33

Origin, insertion and action of Obturator Internus:

Answer 33

O: Obturator membrane and inferior surface of obturator foramen I: Medial surface of greater trochanter A: Laterally rotate the hip

Question 34

Origin, insertion and action of Obturator Externus:

Answer 34

O: Rami of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane I: Trochanteric fossa of femur A: Laterally rotate the hip

Question 35

Origin, insertion and action of Gamellus Superior:

Answer 35

O: Ischial spine I: Medial surface of greater trochanter A: Laterally rotate the hip

Question 36

Origin, insertion and action of Gamellus Inferior:

Answer 36

O: Ischial tuberosity I: Medial surface of greater trochanter A: Laterally rotate the hip