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Muscles of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Proximal Attachment of Temporalis

A

Temporal Fossa of Skull

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2
Q

Distal Attachment of Temporalis

A

Coronoid Process of Mandible

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3
Q

Action of Temporalis

A

Elevates and Retracts Mandible

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4
Q

Proximal Attachment of Frontalis

A

Cranial Aponeurosis

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5
Q

Distal Attachment of Frontalis

A

Skin of Forehead

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6
Q

Action of Frontalis

A

Raises eyebrows and skin of forehead

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7
Q

Proximal Attachment of Masseter

A

Zygomatic Arch

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8
Q

Distal Attachment of Masseter

A

Ramus of Mandible

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9
Q

Action of Masseter

A

Elevates Mandible

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10
Q

Proximal Attachment of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Medial portion of clavical/top of sternum

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11
Q

Distal Attachment of Sternoclidomastoid

A

Mastoid process of skull

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12
Q

Action of Sternocleidomastoid (Unilateral contraction)

A

Contralateral rotation of cervical, ipsilateral cervical flexion

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13
Q

Action of Sternocliedomastoid (Bilateral contraction)

A

Cervical flexion, elevation of sternum and assists in forced inhalation

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14
Q

Proximal Attachment of Splenius Capitus

A

Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T3, nuchal ligament

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15
Q

Distal Attachment of Splenius Capitus

A

Lateral superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone

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16
Q

Process

A

Any projection or bump on a bone

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17
Q

Ramus

A

An extension of a bone making an angle to the rest of the structure

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18
Q

Trochanter

A

A large, rough projection of bone

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19
Q

Tuberosity

A

A Rough projection of bone

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20
Q

Tubercle

A

A small, rounded projection of bone

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21
Q

Crest

A

A prominent ridge of bone

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22
Q

Line

A

A low ridge of bone

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23
Q

Spine

A

A pointed process

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24
Q

Head

A

The expanded, articular head of an epiphysis

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25
Q

Neck

A

The narrower connection between the epiphysis and diaphysis

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26
Q

Condyle

A

A smooth, rounded, articular process

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27
Q

Trochlea

A

A smooth, grooved, articular process shaped like a pulley

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28
Q

Facet

A

A small, flat articular surface

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29
Q

Fossa

A

A shallow depression in bone

30
Q

Sculus

A

A narrow groove in bone

31
Q

Foramen

A

A narrow passageway in bone for blood vessels and nerves

32
Q

Fissure

A

An elongated cleft in bone

33
Q

Meatus or Canal

A

A passageway through the substance of a bone

34
Q

Sinus or Antrum

A

A chamber within a bone, normally filled with air

35
Q

Action of Splenius Capitus (Unilateral)

A

lateral flexion of the head and neck and ispilateral rotation of the head

36
Q

Action of Splenius Capitus (Bilateral)

A

Extension of the head and cervical spine

37
Q

Cartilage

A

Soft, gel-like padding between bones that protects joints

38
Q

Epiphysis

A

Enlarged, wide end of a long bone

39
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bone

40
Q

Tendon

A

A cord of strong, flexible tissue that connects muscle belly to bone

41
Q

Ligament

A

Very tough band of tissue that connects bone to bone and provides stability to joints within the body

42
Q

Metaphysis

A

Region between diaphysis and epiphysis

43
Q

Epiphysial line

A

In adults, point of fusion between epiphysis and metaphysis

44
Q

Periosteum

A

connective tissue that surrounds the external bone surface

45
Q

Medullary cavity

A

the hollow space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow marrow in adults.

46
Q

Endosteum

A

a thin connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

47
Q

Osteocyte

A

Mature bone cell

48
Q

Osteoblast

A

These cells are responsible for the production of new, healthy bone tissue - a process called Osteogenesis.

49
Q

Osteoclast

A

Osteoclasts resorb damaged or old bone cells during periods of growth or repair. They are also crucial in returning Calcium from bone to the bloodstream.

50
Q

Osteogenic Cell

A

These cells are a type of stem cell that can differentiate to form Osteoblasts. The ability to produce additional Osteoblasts becomes important when bone is cracked or broken

51
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Shortening contraction of a muscle

52
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

Lengthening contraction of a muscle

53
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

Static contraction of a muscle

54
Q

Proximal Attachment of Superior trapezius

A

Medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament

55
Q

Distal Attachment of Superior Trapezius

A

Lateral Clavicle

56
Q

Action of Superior Trapezius

A

Elevates scapula, extension & lateral flexion of neck

57
Q

Proximal Attachment of Middle Trapezius

A

T1-T12 Vertebrae (Spinous Processes)

58
Q

Proximal Attachment of Inferior Trapezius

A

T1-T12 Vertebrae (Spinous Processes)

59
Q

Distal Attachment of Middle Trapezius

A

Acromion Process of Scapula

60
Q

Distal Attachment of Inferior Trapezius

A

Spine of Scapula

61
Q

Action of Middle Trapezius

A

Retracts Scapula

62
Q

Action of Inferior Trapezius

A

Depresses Scapula

63
Q

Proximal Attachment of Levator Scapula

A

Transverse Processes C1 - C4

64
Q

Distal Attachment of Levator Scapula

A

Superior Angle of Scapula

65
Q

Action of Levator Scapula

A

Elevates Scapula. Lateral Flexion and Extension of neck.

66
Q

Proximal Attachment of Rhomboids Major

A

Spinous process of vertebrae T2-T5

67
Q

Distal Attachment of Rhomboids Major

A

Medial border of scapula

68
Q

Action of Rhomboids Major

A

Draws scapula superomedially, Rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly; Supports position of scapula

69
Q

Proximal Attachment of Rhomboids Minor

A

Nuchal ligament, Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1

70
Q

Distal Attachment of Rhomboids Minor

A

Medial spine of scapula

71
Q

Action or Rhomboids Minor

A

Draws scapula superomedially, Rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly; Supports position of scapula

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