Muscles of the Canine Flashcards
Sternocephalicus
- *Insertion:** Manubrium of the Sternum
- *Action:** Bilateral Flexion of the Neck (chin to chest) & Unilateral Flexion Origin: Occiput and the Mastoid Process
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: Teres Major Tuberosity
Insertion: Thoracolumbar Fascia & Spinous Processes of T-7 - L-6
Action: Flexion and Internal Rotation of Shoulder & Retraction of Scapula
Brachiocephalicus
Origin: Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone
Insertion: Crest of the Humerus
Action: Draws Foreleg During Limb Extension
Bilateral Neck Flexion
Unilateral Lateral Flexion
Omnotransversarius
Origin: Wing of the Atlas
Insertion: Distal Spine of the Scapula
Action: Bilateral Flexion of Neck
Unilateral Lateral Flexion
Draws Scapula Forward
Trapezius
Origin: Nuchal Ligament
Insertion: Anterior & Posterior Spine of the Scapula
Action: Elevation & Protraction / Retraction of Scapula
Rhomboid
Origin: Nuchal Ligament and Sponous Processes of C2
Supraspinous Ligament
Spinous Process of T1-T7
Insertion: Medial Aspect of Scapular Cartilage
Action: Elevation of Scapula
Bilateral Extension of Head & Neck
Unilateral Flexion of Head & Neck
Masseter
Origin: Zyogmatic Arch of the Maxilla
Insertion: Ramus of the Mandible
Action: Bilaterally Elevates Jaw and Unilaterally Moves Jaw from Side to Side
Frontalis or Frontal Muscle
Origin: Surface and Borders of Frontal Bone
Insertion: Surface and Borders of Frontal Bone
Action: Ear & Scalp Movements
Serratus Ventralis
Origin: Transverse Process of C2 - T8 & Lateral Surface of First 7 Ribs
Insertion: Subscapular Fossa
Action: Cervical Portion (Serratus Cervicalus)
Draws Scapula Forward When Neck is Fixed
Extends the Lower Neck When Scapula is Fixed
Thoracic Portion (Serratus Thoracis)
Draws Scapula Backward when Trunk Fixed
Supports Trunk when Scapula FIxed
Both Portions Aid Respiration Due to Rib Attachment
Pectorals
Origin: Sternum
Insertion: Medial Shaft of Humerus
Action: Forelimb Adduction
Bicep Brachii
Superficial
Origin: Supraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula
Insertion: Radial Tuberosity
Action: Flexion of Elbow
Extension of Shoulder
Triceps Brachii
Superficial
Origin: Caudal Border of Scapula
Insertion: Olecranon Process of Ulna
Action: Flexion of Shoulder
Extension of Elbow
- *Supraspinatus**
- Deep*
Origin:Supraspinatus Foss of Scapula
Insertion: Greater and Lesser Tubercles of Humerus
Action: Extension and Internal Rotation of Shoulder
- *Infraspinatus**
- Deep*
Origin: Fossa of the Scapula
Insertion: Lateral Tuberosity of the Humerus
Action: Flexion, Abduction and External Rotation of the Shoulder
- *Deltoid**
- Deep*
Origin: Posterior Spine of the Scapula and the Acromion Process
Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of the Humerus
Action: Flexion, External Rotation and Abduction of Shoulder
- *Longissimus Dorsi**
- Deep*
Origin: Transverse Processes from C7 - L6
Insertion: Sacral Ridge and Upper Ilium
Action: Extension of Spine
Lateral Flexion of Spine
Stabilization of Spine
- *Rectus Abdominus**
- Deep*
Origin: Sternum and Costal Cartilage from Ribs 4-9
Insertion: Cranial, Ventral Rim of Pubic Bone
Action: Trunk Support
Initiate Flexion of Back
Protects Internal Organs
- *External Oblique**
- Superficial*
Origin: Lateral Aspect of Ribs 6-13
Insertion: Fascia of Midline and Groin (prepubic tendon, coxal tuber, inguinal ligament)
Action: Visceral Support
Lateral Flexion of Trunk
Assist in Protraction of Hindlimb
- *Intercostals**
- Deep*
Origin: Posterior Surface of Each Procedding Rib
Insertion: Anterior Surface of the Succesive Rib
Action: Respiration
- *Illiosopas**
- Deep*
Origin: Ventral Surface of the TVP’s of T13-L6 and Ventral Surface of Ilium
Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur
Action: Hip Flexion
- *Gluteus Superficialis**
- Superficial*
Origin: Sacrum, Iliac Spine and Gluteal Fascia
Insertion: Greater Trochanter of Femur
Action: Hip Abduction and Extension
- *Gluteus Medius**
- Superficial*
Origin: Crest and Gluteal Surface of Ilium
Insertion: Greater Trochanter
Action: Hip Extension
Internal Rotation
Abduction
- *Tensor Fascia Latae - TFL**
- Superficial*
Origin: Tuber Coxae (point of haunch or crantial ventral iliac spine)
Insertion: Lateral Femoral Fascia to the Tibial Tuberosity
Action: Hip - Flexion
Stifle - Extension
- *Bicep Femoris**
- Superficial*
Origin: Sacrotuberous Ligament and the Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Posterior Femur, Anterior Patella and the Lateral Patellar Ligaments
Tibial Crest and Point of Hock
Action: Extends the Limb - Hip, Stifle and Hock
Can Flex Stifle (depends on leg position)
- *Semitendinosus**
- Superficial*
Origin: Ischial Tuberosities
Insertion: Posterior Tibia, Crural Fascia and Point of Hock
Action: Hip Extension
Hock Extension
Stifle Flexion or Extension (based on leg position)
- *Semimembranosus**
- Deep*
Origin: Ischial Tuberosities
Insertion: Medial Epicondyle of Femur and Medial Head of Tibia
Action: Hip - Extension
Stifle - Flexion or Extension
The Adductor Group
Composed of Four Distinct Muscles all Located Along Inner Thigh
Adductor
Sartorius
Gracilis
Pectineus
Origin: Ventral Aspect of Pelvis
Insertion: Medial Aspect of Femur, Patella and Tibia
Action: Adduction
Quadricep Femoris
Origin: Rectus Femoris: Cranial Ventral Spine of Illium (point of haunch)
Vastus Muscles: Lateral, Medial and Anterior Surfaces of Femur
Insertion: Proximal Cranial Tibia
Action: Stifle Extension (all four muscles)
Rectus Femoris Also Flexes Hip
- *Gastrocnemius**
- Deep*
Origin: Medial and Lateral Condyles of Femur
Insertion: Calcaneal Tuber (point of hock)
Action: Hock Extension and Stifle Flexion
