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Muscle of the body > Muscles of the body (Actions and Nerves) > Flashcards

Muscles of the body (Actions and Nerves) Flashcards

1
Q

Frontalis (Eye Expressions)

A

Action: raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead horizontally

Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)

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2
Q

Corrugator supercilii (Eye Expressions)

A

Action: Draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly and wrinkles the forehead vertically

Nerve: Facial Nerve ( Cranial Nerve VII)

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3
Q

Levator Palpebrae superioris (Eye Expressions)

A

Action: Raises eyelids

Nerve: Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)

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4
Q

Orbicularis Oculi (Eye Expression)

A

Action: Blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly

Nerve:Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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5
Q

Superior Rectus (Eyeball Movers)

A

Action:elevates the eye

Nerve: Oculomotor Nerve(Cranial Nerve III)

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6
Q

Inferior rectus (Eyeball Movers)

A

Action: Depresses the eye

Nerve: Oculomotor Nerve(Cranial Nerve III)

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7
Q

Medial rectus (Eyeball Movers)

A

Action: moves the eye medially

Nerve :Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)

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8
Q

Lateral rectus (Eyeball Movers)

A

Action: moves the eye laterally

Nerve: Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI)

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9
Q

Superior oblique (Eyeball Movers)

A

Action: depresses the eye and turns it laterally

Nerve: Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV)

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10
Q

Inferior oblique (Eyeball Movers)

A

Action: elevates the eye and turns it laterally

Nerve: Ocolomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)

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11
Q

Levator labii superioris (Mouth Movers)

A

Action: raises and furrows the upper lip

Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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12
Q

Zygomaticus minor (Mouth Movers)

A

Action: raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)

Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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13
Q

Zygomaticus major (Mouth Movers)

A

Action: raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)

Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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14
Q

Risorius (Mouth Movers)

A

Action: draws corner of lip laterally,tense of lips, and synergist of zygomaticus

Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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15
Q

Buccinator (Mouth Movers)

A

Action: draws corner of mouth laterally, compresses cheek (sucking), and holds food between teeth during chewing

Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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16
Q

Depressor anguli oris (Mouth Movers)

A

Action: draws corner of mouth laterally & downward and antagonist of zygomaticus

Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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17
Q

Depressor labii inferioris (Mouth Movers)

A

Action: draws lower lip inferiorly (pout)

Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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18
Q

Orbicularis oris (Mouth Movers)

A

Action: closes lips, purses and protrudes lips, and kissing & whistling

Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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19
Q

Platysma (Mouth Movers)

A

Action: depresses mandible and pulls lower lip back & down

Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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20
Q

Masseter (Mandbile Movers)

A

Action: prime mover of jaw closure and elevates mandible

Nerve: Trigeminal Nerve ( Cranial Nerve V)

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21
Q

Temporalis (Mandbile Movers)

A

Action: closes jaw, elevates and retracts mandible, synergist of pterygoids, and maintains position of mandible at rest

Nerve: Trigeminal Nerve ( Cranial Nerve V)

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22
Q

Medial pterygoid (Mandbile Movers)

A

Action: synergist of temporalis and masseter in elevation of the mandible act with lateral pterygoid muscle to protrude mandible of to promote side-to-side movements (grinding)

Nerve: Trigeminal Nerve ( Cranial Nerve V)

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23
Q

Lateral pterygoid (Mandbile Movers)

A

Action: protrudes mandible provides forward sliding and side-to-side grinding
movements of the lower teeth

Nerve: Trigeminal Nerve ( Cranial Nerve V)

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24
Q

Genioglossus (Tongue Movers)

A

Action: primarily protrudes
tongue can depress or act in concert with other extrinsic muscles to retract tongue

Nerve: Hypoglossal Nerve(Cranial Nerve XII)

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25
Q

Styloglossus (Tongue Movers)

A

Action: retracts and elevates tongue

Nerve: Hypoglossal Nerve(Cranial Nerve XII)

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26
Q

Hyoglossus (Tongue Movers)

A

Action: depresses tongue and draws its sides downward

Nerve: Hypoglossal Nerve(Cranial Nerve XII)

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27
Q

Digastric (Swallowing Muscles)

A

Action: acting in concert, elevate
hyoid bone steady it during swallowing speech. Acting from behind, open mouth depress mandible

Nerve: Mandibular
branch of Trigeminal Nerve (antrior belly)
Facial Nerve(posterior belly)

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28
Q

Stylohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)

A

Action: elevates & retracts hyoid. Elongate floor of mouth during swallowing

Nerve:Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

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29
Q

Mylohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)

A

Action: elevates hyoid bone floor of mouth, enabling tongue to exert backward and upward pressure for
swallowing
Nerve: Mandibular branch of trigeminal

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30
Q

Geniohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)

A

Action: pulls hyoid bone superiorly & anteriorly,shortening floor of mouth
and widening pharynx
for receiving food

Nerve: First cervical spinal nerve via hypoglossal nerve

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31
Q

Sternohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)

A

Action: depresses larynx & hyoid
bone if mandible is fixed may also flex skull
Nerve: Cervical spinal nerves 1-3

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32
Q

Sternothyroid (Swallowing Muscles)

A

Action: pulls thyroid cartilage
(plus larynx & hyoid) inferiorly

Nerve: Cervical spinal nerves 1-3

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33
Q

Omohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)

A

Action: depresses & retracts hyoid bone

Nerve: Cervical spinaln nerves 1-3

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34
Q

Thyrohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)

A

Action: depresses hyoid bone elevates larynx if hyoid is fixed

Nerve: First cervical nerve via hypoglossal

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35
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (Whole Head Movers)

A

Action: prime mover of active
head flexion (when act
together) and rotates head toward opposite side (when act singularly)

Nerve: Accessory nerve

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36
Q

Splenius capitis (Whole Head Movers)

A

Action:

extend or hyper extends
head when act together.

rotate and bend head laterally
toward same side
when act on one side

Nerve: Cervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

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37
Q

Semispinalis capitis (Whole Head Movers)

A

Action: extends head and move it
to opposite side and synergist with sternocleidomastoid of opposite side

Nerve: Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

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38
Q

Erector spinae Iliocostalis (Torso Extenders)

A

Action: extend vertebral column,
maintain posture and bends vertebral column to same side when act on
one side

Nerve: Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

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39
Q

Erector spinae Longissimus (Torso Extenders)

A 
Action: 
>thoracis cervicis act together to extend vertebral column
>act on one side, bend it
laterally
>capitis extends heads and
turns the face toward
same side

Nerve: Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

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40
Q

Erector spinae Spinalis (Torso Extenders)

A

Action: extends vertebral column

Nerve: Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

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41
Q

Quadratus lumborum (Torso Extenders)

A 
Action: 
 >flexes vertebral column
laterally when alone
>when together extends
lumbar spine & fixes 12th rib
>maintains upright posture
>assists in forced breathing

Nerve: T12 & upper lumber spinal nerves (ventral rami)

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42
Q

External intercostals (Breathing Muscles)

A

Action:
>elevate rib cage, aids in inspiration
>synergist of diaphragm

Nerve: Intercostal Nerve

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43
Q

Internal intercostals (Breathing Muscles)

A

Action: depress rib cage, aid in
forced expiration and antagonist of external intercostals

Nerve: Intercostal Nerve

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44
Q

Diaphragm (Breathing Muscles)

A

Action: prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction

Nerve: Phrenic Nerve

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45
Q

Rectus Abdominis (Abdominal Muscles)

A 
Action:
flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column
fix and depress ribs
stabilize pelvis during walking
increase intra-abdominal pressure

Nerve: Intercostals Nerves

46
Q

External oblique (Abdominal Muscles)

A

Action:
when together, synergist to rectus abdominis, flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
when alone, synergist to muscles of back, rotate and; lateral flexion of trunk

Nerve: Intercostals Nerves

47
Q

Internal oblique (Abdominal Muscles)

A

Action: same as external oblique

Nerve: Intercostals Nerves

48
Q

Transverse abdominis (Abdominal Muscles)

A

Action: compresses abdominal contents

Nerve: Intercostals Nerves

49
Q

Levator ani (Pelvic Floor Muscles)

A

Action:
supports and maintains pelvic viscera

resists downward thrusts

forms sphincters at anorectal junction and vagina

lifts anal canal during defecation

Nerve: S4 and inferior rectal

50
Q

Coccygeus (Pelvic Floor Muscles)

A

Action:
supports pelvic viscera
supports coccyx and pulls it forward

Nerve: S4 and S5

51
Q

Pectoralis minor (Shoulder Movers)

A

Action:
draws scapula forward and downward (ribs fixed)
draws rib cage superiorly (scapula fixed)

Nerve:Both pectoral nerves

52
Q

Subclavius (Shoulder Movers)

A

Action: stabilizes and depresses pectoral girdle

Nerve: Nerve to subclavius

53
Q

Serratus anterior (Shoulder Movers)

A

Action:
agonist to protract and hold scapula against rib cage

rotates scapula (inferior angle laterally and upward)

abduct and raise arm and horizontal arm movements

Nerve: Long thoracic nerve

54
Q

Trapezius (Shoulder Movers)

A

Action:
stablizes, raises, retracts and rotates scapula

adducts and retracts scapula (middle)

elevates scapula or synergist to head extension(superior)

depresses scapula and shoulder (inferior)

Nerve: Accessory nerve

55
Q

Levator scapulae (Shoulder Movers)

A

Action:
elevates and adducts scapula (synergist to trapezius)

tilts glenoid cavity down, flexes neck to same side (fixed scapula)

Nerve: Cervical spinal nerves and dorsal
scapular nerve

56
Q

Rhomboid minor (Shoulder Movers)

A 
Action:
 retract scapula (squaring shoulders), synergist with middle fibers of Trapezius

rotate glenoid cavity downward (lowering arm against resistance)

stabilizes scapula

Nerve: Dorsal scapular nerve

57
Q

Rhomboid major (Shoulder Movers)

A 
Action:
retract scapula (squaring shoulders), synergist with middle fibers of Trapezius

rotate glenoid cavity downward (lowering arm against resistance)

stabilize scapula

Nerve: Dorsal scapular nerve

58
Q

Pectoralis major (Arm Movers)

A

Action:
agonist of arm flexion

rotates arm medially

adducts arm against resistance

pulls rib cage upward with scapula fixed

Nerve: Lateral and medial pectoral
nerves

59
Q

Latissimus dorsi (Arm Movers)

A

Action:
agonist of arm extension

powerful arm adductor

medially rotates arm and shoulder

depresses scapula

pulls body upward and forward with
arms fixed overhead

Nerve: Thoracodorsal Nerve

60
Q

Deltoid (Arm Movers)

A

Action:
agonist of arm abduction with all fibers, antagonist of pectoralis major latissimus dorsi

flexes and medially rotates humerus
with anterior fibers, synergist of pectoralis major

extends and laterally rotates arms with
posterior fibers

Nerve: Axillary nerve

61
Q

Supraspinatus (Arm Movers)

A

Action:

stabilizes shoulder joint

helps prevent downward dislocation
of humerus

Nerve: Suprascapular nerve

62
Q

Infraspinatus (Arm Movers)

A

Action:

helps to hold head of humerus in
glenoid cavity

stabilizes the shoulder joint

rotates humerus laterally

Nerve: Suprascapular nerve

63
Q

Subscapularis (Arm Movers)

A

Action:

chief medial rotator of humerus, assisted
by pectoralis major

helps to hold head of humerus in
glenoid cavity, stabilizes shoulder

Nerve: Subcapular nerve

64
Q

Teres minor (Arm Movers)

A

Action: same as infraspinatus

Nerve: Axillary nerve

65
Q

Teres major (Arm Movers)

A

Action:

posteromedially extends, medially
rotates and adducts arm

synergist of latissimus dorsi

Nerve: Lower scapular nerve

66
Q

Coracobrachialis (Arm Movers)

A

Action:

flexion and adduction of humerus

synergist of pectoralis major

Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve

67
Q

Biceps brachii (Forearm Movers)

A

Action:

flexes elbow joint and supinates
forearm (usually at the same time)

weak flexor of arm at shoulder

Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve

68
Q

Brachialis (Forearm Movers)

A

Action: major forearm flexor, synergist
with biceps brachii

Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve

69
Q

Brachioradialis (Forearm Movers)

A

Action:

synergist in forearm flexion, best
when forearm is partially flexed

stablizes the elbow during rapid
flexion and extension

Nerve: Radial nerve

70
Q

Triceps brachii (Forearm Movers)

A

Action:

agonist of forearm extension (medial head)

antagonist of forearm flexors

stablizes shoulder joint & assist in
arm adduction (long head tendon)

Nerve:Radial nerve

71
Q

Anconeus (Forearm Movers)

A

Action:
abducts ulna during forearm pronation

synergist of triceps brachii in elbow extension

Nerve: Radial nerve

72
Q

Pronator teres (Forearm Rotators)

A

Action:
pronates forearm

weak flexor of elbow

Nerve: Median nerve

73
Q

Supinator (Forearm Rotators)

A

Action:
forcibly supinates forearm with biceps brachii

weakly supinates forearm working
along

antagonist of Pronator teres

Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve

74
Q

Flexor carpi radialis (Wrist Flexors)

A

Action:
powerful flexor of wrist

abducts the hand

weak syngergist of elbow flexion

Nerve: Median nerve
3

75
Q

Palmaris longus (Wrist Flexors)

A

Action:
weak wrist flexor

weak synergist of elbow flexion

tenses skin of palm during hand
movements

Nerve:Median nerve

76
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris (Wrist Flexors)

A

Action:
powerful flexor of wrists

adducts hand with extensor carpi ulnaris

stablizes wrist during finger
extension

Nerve: Ulnar nerve

77
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus (Wrist Extensors)

A

Action:
extends wrist with extensor carpi
ulnaris

abducts write with flexor carpi
radialis

Nerve: Radial nerve

78
Q

Extensor carpis ulnaris (Wrist Extensors)

A

Action:
extends & adducts wrist

Nerve: Deep branch of
radial nerve

79
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis (Finger Movers)

A

Action:
flexes wrist and middle phalanges
of fingers 2-5

Nerve: Median nerve

80
Q

Extensor digitorum (Finger Movers)

A

Action:
prime mover of finger extension
extends wrist
can abduct (flare) fingers

Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve, a
branch of radial nerve

81
Q

Extensor digiti minimi (Finger Movers)

A

Action: extends 5th digit

Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve,
deep branch of radial nerve

82
Q

Extensor pollicis longus (Finger Movers)

A

Action:
extends thumb

Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve

83
Q

Abductor pollicis longus (Finger Movers)

A

Action:
abducts & extends thumb

Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve

84
Q

Satorius

A

Action:
flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh

flexes knee (weak)

Nerve: Femoral nerve

85
Q

Iliopsoas (Iliacus)

A

Action:
prime mover of thigh flexion

lateral flexion of vertebral column (psoas)

Nerve: Femoral nerve

86
Q

Iliopsoas (Psoas major)

A

Action:
prime mover of thigh flexion

lateral flexion of vertebral column
(psoas)

Nerve: Ventral nerve

87
Q

Pectineus (Thigh Movers)

A

Action: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh

Nerve: Femoral & obturator nerve

88
Q

Gracilis (Thigh Movers)

A

Action:
adducts thigh

flexes and medially rotates leg (when walking)

Nerve: Obturator nerve

89
Q

Adductor magnus (Thigh Movers)

A

Action:
adducts and medially rotates thigh
(anterior part)

synergist of hamstring in thigh
extension (posterior part)

Nerve: Obturator nerve

90
Q

Adductor longus (Thigh Movers)

A

Action:
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates
thigh

Nerve: Anterior division of obturator nerve

91
Q

Tensor fasciae latae (Thigh Movers)

A

Action:
flexes and abducts thigh (synergist
of iliopsoas and gluteus muscles)

rotates thigh medially

steadies the trunk by pulling iliotibial
tract taut (locking the knee)

Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve

92
Q

Gluteus maximus (Thigh Movers)

A

Action:
major extensor of thigh

laterally rotates and abducts thigh

inactive during standing

Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve

93
Q

Gluteus medius (Thigh Movers)

A

Action:
abducts thigh

anterior part rotates hip medially

posterior part rotates hip lateraly

Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve

94
Q

Gluteus minimus (Thigh Movers)

A

Action:
abducts and medially rotates thigh

Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve

95
Q

Biceps femoris (Hamstrings)

A

Action:
extends thigh and flexes knee

laterally rotates leg when knee is flexed

Nerve: Sciatic nerve

96
Q

Semitendinosus (Hamstrings)

A

Action:
extends thigh & flexes knee

medially rotates leg with semimembranosus

Nerve: Sciatic nerve

97
Q

Popliteus (Hamstrings)

A

Action:
unlocks knee by flexes and rotates leg medially

rotates thigh laterally with tibia fixed

Nerve: Tibial nerve

98
Q

Semimembranosus (Hamstrings)

A

Action:
extends thigh and flexes knee

medially rotates leg

Nerve:Sciatic nerve

99
Q

Rectus femoris (Quadriceps)

A

Action:
extends knee

flexes thigh at hip

Nerve: Femoral nerve

100
Q

Vastus lateralis (Quadriceps)

A

Action:
extends and stabilizes knee

Nerve: Femoral nerve

101
Q

Vastus medialis (Quadriceps)

A

Action:
extends knee

stabilizes patella (inferior fibers)

Nerve: Femoral nerve

102
Q

Vastus intermedius (Quadriceps)

A

Action:

extends knee

Nerve: Femoral nerve

103
Q

Tibialis anterior (Foot Movers)

A

Action:
prime mover of dorsiflexion

inverts foot

assist in supporting medial longitudinal arch

Nerve: Deep fibular nerve

104
Q

Fibularis longus (Foot Movers)

A

Action:
plantar flexes and everts foot

may help keep foot flat on ground

Nerve: Superficial fibular nerve

105
Q

Fibularis brevis (Foot Movers)

A

Action: plantar flexes and everts foot

Nerve: Superficial fibular nerve

106
Q

Gastrocnemius (Foot Movers)

A

Action:
plantar flexes foot when knee is extended

flexes knee when foot is dorsi-flexed

Nerve: Tibial nerve

107
Q

Soleus (Foot Movers)

A

Action:
plantar flexes foot

important locomoter and postural muscle

Nerve: Tibial nerve

108
Q

Plantaris (Foot Movers)

A

Action:
assists in knee flexion

plantar flexion of foot

Nerve: Tibial nerve

109
Q

Extensor hallucis

longus

A

Action:
extends big toe

dorsiflexes foot

Nerve: Deep fibular nerve

110
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Action:
prime mover of toe extension
(mainly at metatarsal joints)

dorsiflexes foot (with tibialis anterior
and extensor hallucis longus)

Nerve: Deep fibular nerve

111
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Action:
plantar flexes and inverts foot

flexes big toe (push-off muscle
when walking)

Nerve: Tibial nerve

112
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Action:
plantar flexes and inverts foot

flexes toes

helps foot “grip” ground

Nerve:Tibial nerve

Muscle of the body (2 decks)

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