Muscles of the body (Actions and Nerves) Flashcards
Frontalis (Eye Expressions)
Action: raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead horizontally
Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Corrugator supercilii (Eye Expressions)
Action: Draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly and wrinkles the forehead vertically
Nerve: Facial Nerve ( Cranial Nerve VII)
Levator Palpebrae superioris (Eye Expressions)
Action: Raises eyelids
Nerve: Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)
Orbicularis Oculi (Eye Expression)
Action: Blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly
Nerve:Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Superior Rectus (Eyeball Movers)
Action:elevates the eye
Nerve: Oculomotor Nerve(Cranial Nerve III)
Inferior rectus (Eyeball Movers)
Action: Depresses the eye
Nerve: Oculomotor Nerve(Cranial Nerve III)
Medial rectus (Eyeball Movers)
Action: moves the eye medially
Nerve :Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)
Lateral rectus (Eyeball Movers)
Action: moves the eye laterally
Nerve: Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI)
Superior oblique (Eyeball Movers)
Action: depresses the eye and turns it laterally
Nerve: Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV)
Inferior oblique (Eyeball Movers)
Action: elevates the eye and turns it laterally
Nerve: Ocolomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)
Levator labii superioris (Mouth Movers)
Action: raises and furrows the upper lip
Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Zygomaticus minor (Mouth Movers)
Action: raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)
Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Zygomaticus major (Mouth Movers)
Action: raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)
Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Risorius (Mouth Movers)
Action: draws corner of lip laterally,tense of lips, and synergist of zygomaticus
Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Buccinator (Mouth Movers)
Action: draws corner of mouth laterally, compresses cheek (sucking), and holds food between teeth during chewing
Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Depressor anguli oris (Mouth Movers)
Action: draws corner of mouth laterally & downward and antagonist of zygomaticus
Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Depressor labii inferioris (Mouth Movers)
Action: draws lower lip inferiorly (pout)
Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Orbicularis oris (Mouth Movers)
Action: closes lips, purses and protrudes lips, and kissing & whistling
Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Platysma (Mouth Movers)
Action: depresses mandible and pulls lower lip back & down
Nerve: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Masseter (Mandbile Movers)
Action: prime mover of jaw closure and elevates mandible
Nerve: Trigeminal Nerve ( Cranial Nerve V)
Temporalis (Mandbile Movers)
Action: closes jaw, elevates and retracts mandible, synergist of pterygoids, and maintains position of mandible at rest
Nerve: Trigeminal Nerve ( Cranial Nerve V)
Medial pterygoid (Mandbile Movers)
Action: synergist of temporalis and masseter in elevation of the mandible act with lateral pterygoid muscle to protrude mandible of to promote side-to-side movements (grinding)
Nerve: Trigeminal Nerve ( Cranial Nerve V)
Lateral pterygoid (Mandbile Movers)
Action: protrudes mandible provides forward sliding and side-to-side grinding
movements of the lower teeth
Nerve: Trigeminal Nerve ( Cranial Nerve V)
Genioglossus (Tongue Movers)
Action: primarily protrudes
tongue can depress or act in concert with other extrinsic muscles to retract tongue
Nerve: Hypoglossal Nerve(Cranial Nerve XII)
Styloglossus (Tongue Movers)
Action: retracts and elevates tongue
Nerve: Hypoglossal Nerve(Cranial Nerve XII)
Hyoglossus (Tongue Movers)
Action: depresses tongue and draws its sides downward
Nerve: Hypoglossal Nerve(Cranial Nerve XII)
Digastric (Swallowing Muscles)
Action: acting in concert, elevate
hyoid bone steady it during swallowing speech. Acting from behind, open mouth depress mandible
Nerve: Mandibular
branch of Trigeminal Nerve (antrior belly)
Facial Nerve(posterior belly)
Stylohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)
Action: elevates & retracts hyoid. Elongate floor of mouth during swallowing
Nerve:Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
Mylohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)
Action: elevates hyoid bone floor of mouth, enabling tongue to exert backward and upward pressure for
swallowing
Nerve: Mandibular branch of trigeminal
Geniohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)
Action: pulls hyoid bone superiorly & anteriorly,shortening floor of mouth
and widening pharynx
for receiving food
Nerve: First cervical spinal nerve via hypoglossal nerve
Sternohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)
Action: depresses larynx & hyoid
bone if mandible is fixed may also flex skull
Nerve: Cervical spinal nerves 1-3
Sternothyroid (Swallowing Muscles)
Action: pulls thyroid cartilage
(plus larynx & hyoid) inferiorly
Nerve: Cervical spinal nerves 1-3
Omohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)
Action: depresses & retracts hyoid bone
Nerve: Cervical spinaln nerves 1-3
Thyrohyoid (Swallowing Muscles)
Action: depresses hyoid bone elevates larynx if hyoid is fixed
Nerve: First cervical nerve via hypoglossal
Sternocleidomastoid (Whole Head Movers)
Action: prime mover of active
head flexion (when act
together) and rotates head toward opposite side (when act singularly)
Nerve: Accessory nerve
Splenius capitis (Whole Head Movers)
Action:
extend or hyper extends
head when act together.
rotate and bend head laterally
toward same side
when act on one side
Nerve: Cervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Semispinalis capitis (Whole Head Movers)
Action: extends head and move it
to opposite side and synergist with sternocleidomastoid of opposite side
Nerve: Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Erector spinae Iliocostalis (Torso Extenders)
Action: extend vertebral column,
maintain posture and bends vertebral column to same side when act on
one side
Nerve: Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Erector spinae Longissimus (Torso Extenders)
Action: >thoracis cervicis act together to extend vertebral column >act on one side, bend it laterally >capitis extends heads and turns the face toward same side
Nerve: Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Erector spinae Spinalis (Torso Extenders)
Action: extends vertebral column
Nerve: Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
Quadratus lumborum (Torso Extenders)
Action: >flexes vertebral column laterally when alone >when together extends lumbar spine & fixes 12th rib >maintains upright posture >assists in forced breathing
Nerve: T12 & upper lumber spinal nerves (ventral rami)
External intercostals (Breathing Muscles)
Action:
>elevate rib cage, aids in inspiration
>synergist of diaphragm
Nerve: Intercostal Nerve
Internal intercostals (Breathing Muscles)
Action: depress rib cage, aid in
forced expiration and antagonist of external intercostals
Nerve: Intercostal Nerve
Diaphragm (Breathing Muscles)
Action: prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction
Nerve: Phrenic Nerve
Rectus Abdominis (Abdominal Muscles)
Action: flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column fix and depress ribs stabilize pelvis during walking increase intra-abdominal pressure
Nerve: Intercostals Nerves
External oblique (Abdominal Muscles)
Action:
when together, synergist to rectus abdominis, flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
when alone, synergist to muscles of back, rotate and; lateral flexion of trunk
Nerve: Intercostals Nerves
Internal oblique (Abdominal Muscles)
Action: same as external oblique
Nerve: Intercostals Nerves
Transverse abdominis (Abdominal Muscles)
Action: compresses abdominal contents
Nerve: Intercostals Nerves
Levator ani (Pelvic Floor Muscles)
Action:
supports and maintains pelvic viscera
resists downward thrusts
forms sphincters at anorectal junction and vagina
lifts anal canal during defecation
Nerve: S4 and inferior rectal
Coccygeus (Pelvic Floor Muscles)
Action:
supports pelvic viscera
supports coccyx and pulls it forward
Nerve: S4 and S5
Pectoralis minor (Shoulder Movers)
Action:
draws scapula forward and downward (ribs fixed)
draws rib cage superiorly (scapula fixed)
Nerve:Both pectoral nerves
Subclavius (Shoulder Movers)
Action: stabilizes and depresses pectoral girdle
Nerve: Nerve to subclavius
Serratus anterior (Shoulder Movers)
Action:
agonist to protract and hold scapula against rib cage
rotates scapula (inferior angle laterally and upward)
abduct and raise arm and horizontal arm movements
Nerve: Long thoracic nerve
Trapezius (Shoulder Movers)
Action:
stablizes, raises, retracts and rotates scapula
adducts and retracts scapula (middle)
elevates scapula or synergist to head extension(superior)
depresses scapula and shoulder (inferior)
Nerve: Accessory nerve
Levator scapulae (Shoulder Movers)
Action:
elevates and adducts scapula (synergist to trapezius)
tilts glenoid cavity down, flexes neck to same side (fixed scapula)
Nerve: Cervical spinal nerves and dorsal
scapular nerve
Rhomboid minor (Shoulder Movers)
Action: retract scapula (squaring shoulders), synergist with middle fibers of Trapezius
rotate glenoid cavity downward (lowering arm against resistance)
stabilizes scapula
Nerve: Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid major (Shoulder Movers)
Action: retract scapula (squaring shoulders), synergist with middle fibers of Trapezius
rotate glenoid cavity downward (lowering arm against resistance)
stabilize scapula
Nerve: Dorsal scapular nerve
Pectoralis major (Arm Movers)
Action:
agonist of arm flexion
rotates arm medially
adducts arm against resistance
pulls rib cage upward with scapula fixed
Nerve: Lateral and medial pectoral
nerves
Latissimus dorsi (Arm Movers)
Action:
agonist of arm extension
powerful arm adductor
medially rotates arm and shoulder
depresses scapula
pulls body upward and forward with
arms fixed overhead
Nerve: Thoracodorsal Nerve
Deltoid (Arm Movers)
Action:
agonist of arm abduction with all fibers, antagonist of pectoralis major latissimus dorsi
flexes and medially rotates humerus
with anterior fibers, synergist of pectoralis major
extends and laterally rotates arms with
posterior fibers
Nerve: Axillary nerve
Supraspinatus (Arm Movers)
Action:
stabilizes shoulder joint
helps prevent downward dislocation
of humerus
Nerve: Suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus (Arm Movers)
Action:
helps to hold head of humerus in
glenoid cavity
stabilizes the shoulder joint
rotates humerus laterally
Nerve: Suprascapular nerve
Subscapularis (Arm Movers)
Action:
chief medial rotator of humerus, assisted
by pectoralis major
helps to hold head of humerus in
glenoid cavity, stabilizes shoulder
Nerve: Subcapular nerve
Teres minor (Arm Movers)
Action: same as infraspinatus
Nerve: Axillary nerve
Teres major (Arm Movers)
Action:
posteromedially extends, medially
rotates and adducts arm
synergist of latissimus dorsi
Nerve: Lower scapular nerve
Coracobrachialis (Arm Movers)
Action:
flexion and adduction of humerus
synergist of pectoralis major
Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps brachii (Forearm Movers)
Action:
flexes elbow joint and supinates
forearm (usually at the same time)
weak flexor of arm at shoulder
Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis (Forearm Movers)
Action: major forearm flexor, synergist
with biceps brachii
Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachioradialis (Forearm Movers)
Action:
synergist in forearm flexion, best
when forearm is partially flexed
stablizes the elbow during rapid
flexion and extension
Nerve: Radial nerve
Triceps brachii (Forearm Movers)
Action:
agonist of forearm extension (medial head)
antagonist of forearm flexors
stablizes shoulder joint & assist in arm adduction (long head tendon)
Nerve:Radial nerve
Anconeus (Forearm Movers)
Action:
abducts ulna during forearm pronation
synergist of triceps brachii in elbow extension
Nerve: Radial nerve
Pronator teres (Forearm Rotators)
Action:
pronates forearm
weak flexor of elbow
Nerve: Median nerve
Supinator (Forearm Rotators)
Action:
forcibly supinates forearm with biceps brachii
weakly supinates forearm working
along
antagonist of Pronator teres
Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve
Flexor carpi radialis (Wrist Flexors)
Action:
powerful flexor of wrist
abducts the hand
weak syngergist of elbow flexion
Nerve: Median nerve
3
Palmaris longus (Wrist Flexors)
Action:
weak wrist flexor
weak synergist of elbow flexion
tenses skin of palm during hand
movements
Nerve:Median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris (Wrist Flexors)
Action:
powerful flexor of wrists
adducts hand with extensor carpi ulnaris
stablizes wrist during finger
extension
Nerve: Ulnar nerve
Extensor carpi radialis longus (Wrist Extensors)
Action:
extends wrist with extensor carpi
ulnaris
abducts write with flexor carpi
radialis
Nerve: Radial nerve
Extensor carpis ulnaris (Wrist Extensors)
Action:
extends & adducts wrist
Nerve: Deep branch of
radial nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis (Finger Movers)
Action:
flexes wrist and middle phalanges
of fingers 2-5
Nerve: Median nerve
Extensor digitorum (Finger Movers)
Action:
prime mover of finger extension
extends wrist
can abduct (flare) fingers
Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve, a
branch of radial nerve
Extensor digiti minimi (Finger Movers)
Action: extends 5th digit
Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve,
deep branch of radial nerve
Extensor pollicis longus (Finger Movers)
Action:
extends thumb
Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve
Abductor pollicis longus (Finger Movers)
Action:
abducts & extends thumb
Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve
Satorius
Action:
flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh
flexes knee (weak)
Nerve: Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas (Iliacus)
Action:
prime mover of thigh flexion
lateral flexion of vertebral column (psoas)
Nerve: Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas (Psoas major)
Action:
prime mover of thigh flexion
lateral flexion of vertebral column
(psoas)
Nerve: Ventral nerve
Pectineus (Thigh Movers)
Action: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
Nerve: Femoral & obturator nerve
Gracilis (Thigh Movers)
Action:
adducts thigh
flexes and medially rotates leg (when walking)
Nerve: Obturator nerve
Adductor magnus (Thigh Movers)
Action:
adducts and medially rotates thigh
(anterior part)
synergist of hamstring in thigh
extension (posterior part)
Nerve: Obturator nerve
Adductor longus (Thigh Movers)
Action:
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates
thigh
Nerve: Anterior division of obturator nerve
Tensor fasciae latae (Thigh Movers)
Action:
flexes and abducts thigh (synergist
of iliopsoas and gluteus muscles)
rotates thigh medially
steadies the trunk by pulling iliotibial tract taut (locking the knee)
Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus maximus (Thigh Movers)
Action:
major extensor of thigh
laterally rotates and abducts thigh
inactive during standing
Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius (Thigh Movers)
Action:
abducts thigh
anterior part rotates hip medially
posterior part rotates hip lateraly
Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus (Thigh Movers)
Action:
abducts and medially rotates thigh
Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
Biceps femoris (Hamstrings)
Action:
extends thigh and flexes knee
laterally rotates leg when knee is flexed
Nerve: Sciatic nerve
Semitendinosus (Hamstrings)
Action:
extends thigh & flexes knee
medially rotates leg with semimembranosus
Nerve: Sciatic nerve
Popliteus (Hamstrings)
Action:
unlocks knee by flexes and rotates leg medially
rotates thigh laterally with tibia fixed
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Semimembranosus (Hamstrings)
Action:
extends thigh and flexes knee
medially rotates leg
Nerve:Sciatic nerve
Rectus femoris (Quadriceps)
Action:
extends knee
flexes thigh at hip
Nerve: Femoral nerve
Vastus lateralis (Quadriceps)
Action:
extends and stabilizes knee
Nerve: Femoral nerve
Vastus medialis (Quadriceps)
Action:
extends knee
stabilizes patella (inferior fibers)
Nerve: Femoral nerve
Vastus intermedius (Quadriceps)
Action:
extends knee
Nerve: Femoral nerve
Tibialis anterior (Foot Movers)
Action:
prime mover of dorsiflexion
inverts foot
assist in supporting medial longitudinal arch
Nerve: Deep fibular nerve
Fibularis longus (Foot Movers)
Action:
plantar flexes and everts foot
may help keep foot flat on ground
Nerve: Superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis brevis (Foot Movers)
Action: plantar flexes and everts foot
Nerve: Superficial fibular nerve
Gastrocnemius (Foot Movers)
Action:
plantar flexes foot when knee is extended
flexes knee when foot is dorsi-flexed
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Soleus (Foot Movers)
Action:
plantar flexes foot
important locomoter and postural muscle
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Plantaris (Foot Movers)
Action:
assists in knee flexion
plantar flexion of foot
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Extensor hallucis
longus
Action:
extends big toe
dorsiflexes foot
Nerve: Deep fibular nerve
Extensor digitorum longus
Action:
prime mover of toe extension
(mainly at metatarsal joints)
dorsiflexes foot (with tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus)
Nerve: Deep fibular nerve
Flexor hallucis longus
Action:
plantar flexes and inverts foot
flexes big toe (push-off muscle
when walking)
Nerve: Tibial nerve
Flexor digitorum longus
Action:
plantar flexes and inverts foot
flexes toes
helps foot “grip” ground
Nerve:Tibial nerve
