Muscles of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

Back of the neck is supplied by dorsal rami of the _____ nerves.

A

cervical

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2
Q

Dorsal rami of C1 and C8 carry _____ axons only.

A

efferent; no sensory function!

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3
Q

The first layer of the back consists of:

A

latissimus dorsi and trapezius

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4
Q

The second layer of the back consists of:

A

splenius muscle, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor, serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior muscle

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5
Q

Third layer of the back consists of:

A

erector spinae muscles

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6
Q

The fourth layer of the back consists of:

A

multifidus, rotators, intertransversii, and suboccipital muscles

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7
Q

Functionally, only the ____ group is involved in the movement of the vertebral column and maintaining posture.

A

deep (intrinsic muscles)

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8
Q

Deep (intrinsic) muscles are innervated by:

A

the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves

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9
Q

All muscles in the superficial group are supplied by

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves through brachial plexus except trapezius.

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10
Q

Superficial back muscles control ____ ____ movements as well as aid in respiration.

A

upper limb

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11
Q

The origin is the _____ end.

A

immovable

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12
Q

Insertion is the _____ end.

A

movabale

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13
Q

The ____ muscle is a large superficial back muscle that resembles a trapezoid.

A

trapezius

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14
Q

_____ _____ innervates the trapezius muscle.

A

accessory nerve

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15
Q

actions of the trapezius:

A
  • retraction of the scapula
  • depression of the scapula
  • elevation of the scapula
  • superiorly rotates glenoid cavity
  • neck extension
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16
Q

Actions of the latissimus dorsi:

A
  • medial rotation of shoulder joint
  • extension of should joint
  • adduction of shoulder joint
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17
Q

innervation of the latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve

18
Q

Actions of the rhomboids

A

retract, elevate the scapula

19
Q

innervation of the rhomboids

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

20
Q

Action of levator scapulae

A

elevation of the scapular only

21
Q

innervation of the levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular nerve

22
Q

True muscles of the back and neck: Superficial layer

A

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

23
Q

True muscles of the back and neck: intermediate layer

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

24
Q

True muscles of the back and neck: deep layer

A

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores breves and rotatores longi

25
True muscles of the back and neck: deepest layer
interspinales, intertransversarii, levatores costarum
26
innervation of the true muscles of the back and neck
branches of the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves
27
functions of the true muscles of the back and neck
maintain posture; control movement of the vertebral column
28
The most superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles includes the ____ group of muscles. They extend along the posterior and lateral aspects of the neck and upper part of the thorax.
splenius
29
Action of the splenius group of muscles
bilateral head extension; unilateralL lateral flexion and rotation of the head
30
Erector spinae group muscles are ____ muscles of the back.
true
31
Erector spinae group muscles are supplied by the
dorsal rami of the spinal nerves
32
Which group of muscles are the chief extensor of the vertebral column?
erector spinae
33
Transversospinal group consists of:
semispinalis, mulifidus, rotators
34
action of the transversospinal group
extension and stabilization of the vertebral column
35
Innervation of the transversospinal group
posterior rami of spinal nerves
36
Action of the levator costarum
bilateral: extends thoracic spine unilateral: bends thoracic spine
37
Triangle of auscultation
A region of the posterior thorax devoid of superficial back muscles, which allows for optimal auscultating lung sounds.
38
Borders of the triangle of auscultation include:
Laterally: medial border of the scapula (border of rhomboid major) Medially: ascending fibers of the trapezius Inferiorly: superior border of the latissimus dorsi.
39
Inferior lumbar (petit's) triangle
a region of the lower back devoid of superficial back muscles, which is mildly susceptible to herniation.
40
Borders of the inferior lumbar triangle include:
laterally: external oblique medially: latissimus dorsi inferiorly: iliac crest