Muscles of shoulder and elbow

Question 1

Trapezius

Answer 1

• Origin = C7 – T12
• Insertion = lateral clavicle and scapula spine/ acromion
• Head and neck = extension, side flexion, rotation
• Scapula = retraction, elevation/depression, upwards/downwards rotation

Question 2

Levator scapula

Answer 2

• C1-C4 to superior angle
• Neck actions = E, LF, rotation ipsilaterally
• Scapula = elevates, downwards rotation; stabilises

Question 3

Rhomboids

Answer 3

• C7 – T5 to scapula medial border

* Scapula actions = retraction, elevation, downward rotation

Question 4

Serratus anterior

Answer 4

• lateral ribs to scapula medial border/deep surface

* Protracts scapula, assists forced inspiration

Question 5

Deltoid

Answer 5

• Lateral clavicle/acromion to deltoid tuberosity of Humerus
• Ant. = shoulder flexion, internal rotation, add
• Post. = shoulder extension, external rotation, ab

Question 6

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 6

• T7 – L5/thoracolumbar fascia to Humerus (bicipital groove), and lateral/inferior scapula
• Shoulder actions = adduction, extension, internal rotation

Question 7

Pec major

Answer 7

• Medial clavicle, sternum and costal cartilage to bicipital groove
• Shoulder actions = IR, HAdd, F, add, ab

Question 8

Pec minor

Answer 8

• Costal cartilage to medial border/coracoid process

* Depress/protract scapula, elevate ribs

Question 9

Teres Major

Answer 9

• inferior angle/post surface to bicipital groove

* Shoulder actions = ex, add, internal rotation

Question 10

Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 10

•	Supraspinatus = shoulder ab
•	Subscapularis = shoulder int rot
•	Infraspinatus = shoulder ex rot, HAb
•	Teres minor
o	Lateral border to greater tubercle
o	Shoulder ex rot and HAb

Question 11

Biceps brachii

Answer 11

•	Origin
o	Long head- upper scapula
o	Short head- coracoid process
•	Insertion = radial tuberosity
•	Actions = elbow flexion, forearm supination, shoulder flexion

Question 12

Coracobrachialis

Answer 12

• coracoid process to medial shaft of humerus

* Actions = shoulder flexion and adduction

Question 13

Brachialis

Answer 13

• distal shaft of humerus to ulna tuberosity and coronoid process
• Elbow flexion

Question 14

Brachioradialis

Answer 14

• lateral humerus to lateral radius

* Actions = elbow flexion, strongest in mid-prone

Question 15

Triceps brachii

Answer 15

•	Origin
o	Long head = scapula
o	Lateral = prox Humerus
o	Medial = dist Humerus
•	Insertion = ulna – olecranon process
•	Actions = elbow extension- LH also shoulder ex and add

Question 16

Anconeus

Answer 16

• lateral epicondyle of Humerus to lateral olecranon/ulnar shaft
• Actions = stabilises elbow joint, assist elbow extension