Muscles of Neck, Trunk, and Upper Limbs

Question 1

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 1

• Attachments:
  Sternum and clavicle to base of skull (mastoid process)
• Function
  Flexes neck - when both sides contract
  Rotates head - when one side contracts

Question 2

Erector Spinae

Answer 2

• Attachments
  From sacrum and ilium (posterior) to base of skull
• Functions
  Upper portion extends neck
  Lower portions extend trunk

Question 3

Rectus abdominis

Answer 3

• Attachments:
  Sternum and adjacent ribs to pubic bone
• Function
  Trunk Flexion
  Pelvis stabilization

Question 4

External Obliques

Answer 4

• Attachments
  Lateral ribs downward to anterior crest of ilium, pubis, linea alba
• Function
  Trunk flexion, rotation, pelvis stabilization

Question 5

Internal Obliques

Answer 5

• Attachments
  Linea alba downward to lateral crest of pubis and ilium
• Function
  Trunk flexion and rotation
  Pelvis stabilization

Question 6

Transversus Abdominis

Answer 6

• Attachment
  Linea alba to lower ribs, crest of ilium and to spine
• Function
  Compresses abdomen
  Spine and trunk stabilization

Question 7

Trapezius

Answer 7

• Proximal attachment
  Base of skull to T12
• Distal attachment
  Spine of the scapula
• Function
  Upper - shoulder elevation
  Middle - shoulder retraction
  Lower - shoulder depression

Question 8

Deltoid

Answer 8

• Proximal attachment
  Lateral clavicle
  Lateral scapula
• Distal attachment
  Proximal humerus
• Function
  Anterior head = shoulder flexion
  Middle head = shoulder abduction
  Posterior head = shoulder extension

Question 9

Supraspinatus

Answer 9

• Proximal attachment
  Posterior scapula
• Distal attachment
  Superior aspect of head of humerus
• Function
  Shoulder abduction

Question 10

Infraspinatus

Answer 10

• Proximal attachment
  Posterior scapula
• Distal attachment
  Posterior proximal head of humerus
• Function
  Shoulder extension
  Lateral rotation of upper arm

Question 11

Subscapularis

Answer 11

• Proximal attachment
  Subscapular fossa scapula
• Distal attachment
  Anterior proximal humerus
• Function
  Adducts humerus
  Internal (medial) rotation of humerus

Question 12

Pectoralis major

Answer 12

• Proximal attachment
  Sternum and clavicle
• Distal attachment
  Proximal humerus
• Function
  Shoulder horizontal adduction
  Bringing arm down from overhead
  Extension and Adduction

Question 13

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 13

• Proximal attachment
  Spinous processes of bottom 6 thoracic vertebrae, all Lumbar vertebrae, plus sacrum
• Distal attachment
  Proximal humerus
• Function
  Shoulder horizontal abduction
  Bringing arm down from overhead
  Internal (medial) rotation

Question 14

Triceps brachii

Answer 14

• Proximal attachment
  Scapula
  Posterior humerus
• Distal attachment
  Posterior proximal ulna
• Function
  Elbow extension

Question 15

Biceps brachii

Answer 15

• Proximal attachment
  Anterior scapula
• Distal attachment
  Radius
• Function
  Elbow flexion
  Supination

Question 16

Brachialis

Answer 16

• Proximal attachment
  Anterior distal humerus
• Distal attachment
  Anterior proximal ulna
• Function
  Elbow flexion

Question 17

Hand and Wrist flexors

Answer 17

• Proximal attachment
  Medial proximal ulna
• Distal attachment
  Wrist and hand bones
• Function
  Hand and Wrist flexion

Question 18

Hand and Wrist extensors

Answer 18

• Proximal attachment
  Lateral radius
• Distal attachment
  Wrist and hand bones
• Function
  Hand and wrist extension