Muscles of mastication

Question 1

What are the superficial muscles of mastication?

Answer 1

• Temporalis

* Masseter

Question 2

For the temporalis, mention:
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

Answer 2

Origin:
Temporal fossa and inferior temporal line

Insertion:
Coronoid process of mandible

Action:
Elevate and retract mandible

Question 3

For the masseter, mention:
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

Answer 3

Origin:
Zygomatic arch

Insertion:
Angle of mandible and ramus

Action:
Elvate and retract mandible

Question 4

What are the deep muscles of mastication?

Answer 4

• Medial pterygoid

* Lateral pterygoid

Question 5

For the medial pterygoid, mention:
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

Answer 5

Origin:
Maxilla, palatine and pterygoid of sphenoid bone

Insertion:
Medial surface of mandible angle

Action:
Elevate and protrude madible

Question 6

For the lateral pterygoid, mention:
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

Answer 6

Origin:
Pterygoid of sphenoid

Insertion:
Mandible and condyle

Action:
Depress and protrude mandible

Question 7

What are the two types of muscles in the tongue and what are their distinct roles?

Answer 7

• Extrinsic: coming from somewhere and goes to the tongue. They POSITION the tongue

• Intrinsic: contained within the tongue

Question 8

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 8

• Genioglossus
• Hyloglossus
• Styloglossus
• Palatoglossus

Question 9

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and what are their roles?

Answer 9

• Superior and inferior longitudinal (shorten the tongue)

• Transverse (narrows tongue)
• Vertical (widens tongue)

Question 10

What is the action of the genioglossus?

Answer 10

Protrusion of tongue

Question 11

What is the action of the hyloglossus?

Answer 11

Depresses tongue

Question 12

What is the action of the styloglossus?

Answer 12

Elevates and retracts tongue

Question 13

What is the action of the palatoglossus?

Answer 13

Elevates tongue

Question 14

What is the origin/ insertion of superior longitudinal fibres?

Answer 14

• Inferior dorsal mucosa

* Anterolateral to epiglottis

Question 15

What is the origin/ insertion of inferior longitudinal fibres?

Answer 15

• Immediately superior to genioglossus

* Anterolateral to epiglottis

Question 16

What are muscles in the anterior section of the neck?

*Note: they are segmented in reference to the hyoid bone

Answer 16

Suprahyoid:
• Digastrics
• Mylohyoid
• Geniohyoid
* Sternohyoid

Infrahyoid:
• Omohyoid
* Thyrohyoid
* Sternohyoid

Question 17

What are muscles in the posterior section of the neck?

Answer 17

• Splenius capitis
• Levator scapulae
* Scalene

Question 18

For the sternocleidomastoid, mention:
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

Answer 18

Origin:
Occipial bone

Insertion:
Sternum and clavicle

Action:
Moves chin up, rotates head, extends head

Question 19

For the posterior neck (trapezius), mention:
Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

Answer 19

Origin:
Occipital bone

Insertion:
Clavical and scapula

Action:
Draws shoulders upwards