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Block 12 > Muscles, ligaments and nerves > Flashcards

Muscles, ligaments and nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name the muscles present in the superficial flexor layer of the forearm.

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis
pronator teres.

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2
Q

Name the muscle in the intermediate flexor layer of the forearm.

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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3
Q

Name the muscles in the deep flexor layer of the forearm.

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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4
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus and adjacent medial edge of olecranon process/posterior ulna–>pisiform, hamate and proximal end of fifth metacarpal bone.

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5
Q

What is the O+I of palmaris longus?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus–>palmar aponeurosis.

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6
Q

What is the O+I of flexor carpi radialis?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus–> proximal end of metacarpals 2 and 3.

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7
Q

What is O+I of pronator teres?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus and medial side of coronoid process–> roughening on mid shift of lateral radius.

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8
Q

What is the O+I of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus and adjacent medial edge of coronoid process and oblique line of radius–>middle phalanges of digits 2-5.

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9
Q

What is the O+I of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

anterior and medial surface of ulna and medial edge of interosseous membrane–> distal phalanges of digits 2-5.

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10
Q

What is the O+I of flexor pollicis longus?

A

anterior surface of mid shaft of radius and radial half of interosseous mebrane–> distal phalanx of thumb.

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11
Q

What is the O+I of pronator quadratus?

A

line on distal end of ulna–> distal end of radius.

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12
Q

What is the O+I of the trapezius muscle?

A

Occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of all 12 thoracic vertebrae–> crest of superior edge of spine of scapula, medial edge of acromion, posterior surface of lateral third of clavicle.

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13
Q

What is the O+I of the triceps brachii?

A

long head- infraglenoid tubercle, lateral and medial heads- middle of posterior surface of humerus–> common tendon at olecranon process.

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14
Q

What is the O+I of the brachialis muscle?

A

anterior surface of humerus–> ulnar tuberosity

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15
Q

What is the O+I of the coracobrachialis?

A

coracoid process–> upper 2/3 of humerus medially

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16
Q

What is the O+I of the teres major?

A

oval fossa on medial side and inferior angle of posterior scapula–> medial lip of intertubercular sulcus.

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17
Q

What is the O+I of the teres minor?

A

upper 2/3 adjacent edge of lateral scapula–> posterior inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus.

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18
Q

What is the O+I of the latissimus dorsi?

A

lower 6 thoracic vertebrae spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia and lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest–> floor of intertubercular sulcus.

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19
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial layer of the extensor compartment of the forearm?

A

brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis-deep branch of radial nerve
extensor digitorum- posterior interosseous
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digiti minimi
anconeus

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20
Q

What are the muscles of the deep layer of the extensor compartment of the forearm?

A 
supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor indicis
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21
Q

What is the O+I of brachioradialis?

A

lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus–> lateral surface of distal end of radius

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22
Q

What is the O+I of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus–> base of metacarpal 2

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23
Q

What is the O+I of the ECRB

A

lateral epicondyle–> base of metacarpal 2 and 3

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24
Q

What is the O+I of extensor digitorum?

A

lateral epicondyle–> via extensor hoods into dorsal aspects of bases of middle and distal phalanges 2-5

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25
Q

What is the O+I of extensor digiti minimi?

A

lateral epicondyle–> extensor hood of 5th digit

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26
Q

What is the O+I of ECU?

A

lateral epicondyle and posterior border of ulna–> dorsal aspect of the base of the fifth metacarpal, medial side.

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27
Q

What is the O+I of the anconeus?

A

lateral epicondyle–> olecranon and posterior surface of ulna

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28
Q

What is the O+I of the supinator?

A

lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and anular ligament, supinator crest of ulna–> lateral surface of radius superior to anterior oblique line

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29
Q

What is the O+I of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

posterior surfaces of the ulna and radius–> lateral side of base of metacarpal 1

30
Q

What is the O+I of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

posterior surface of ulna–> dorsal side of base of distal phalanx of thumb

31
Q

What is the O+I of EPB?

A

posterior surface of radius–> dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb

32
Q

what is the O+I of extensor indicis?

A

posterior surface of ulna–> extensor hood of index finger

33
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior or flexor compartment of the thigh?

A

psoas major and iliacus (iliopsoas)- attach at lesser trochanter of femur
vastus medialis- continuous attachment on femur from intertrochanteric, pectineal line and down the medial lip of the line aspera to medial supracondylar line- inserts into quadriceps femurs tendon and medial border of patella
vastus intermedius- femur upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces to quadriceps femoris tendon
vastus lateralis- femur lateral part of intertrochanteric line, lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity and lateral lip of line aspera
rectus femoris- anterior inferior iliac spine, ilium superior to acetabulum to quadriceps femoris tendon
sartorius- ASIS to the medial surface of the tibia. (pes anserinus)

34
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

35
Q

What muscles form part of the posterior or hamstrings compartment?

A

biceps femoris- long head from ischial tuberosity, short head from lateral lip of line aspera to the head of the fibula
semitendinosus- from ischial tuberosity to the medial side side of the tibia (pes anserinus)
semimembranosus- from ischial tuberosity to the medial tibial condyle

36
Q

What muscles are found in the adductor/medial compartment of the thigh?

A

gracilis- from external surfaces of the body of the pubis, inferior pubic ramus and ramus of ischium to medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia (pes anserinus)
pectineus- from pectineal line on pubis to oblique line extending from base of lesser trochanter to line aspera on posterior femur
adductor longus- from external surface of body of pubis lateral to symphysis to linea aspera on middle third of femoral shaft
adductor brevis- from external surface of body of pubis to upper third of linea aspera
adductor magnus- adductor part from ischiopubic ramus, hamstrings part from ischial tuberosity to posterior surface of proximal femur, line aspera, medial supracondylar line and adductor tubercle on distal end of femur for hamstrings part
obturator externus- from external surface of obturator membrane to trochanteric fossa (posterior to head of femur)

37
Q

What nerve innervates the adductor compartment (mostly)?

A

obturator nerve, except the hamstrings part of the adductor magnus (sciatic) and the pectineus (femoral)

38
Q

What are the gluteal muscles?

A

piriformis- from lateral edge of sacrum to medial part of greater trochanter
superior gemellus- from ischial spine to along length of superior surface of obturator internus tendon and medial side of greater trochanter
obturator internus- from internal aspect of obturator membrane and surrounding bone to medial part of greater trochanter
inferior gemellus- ischial tuberosity to the medial aspect of greater trochanter
quadratus femoris- ischial tuberosity to quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest
gluteus minimus- gluteal lines on body of ileum to lateral side of greater trochanter
gluteus medius- more superior attachment than minimus and overlies it, inserts into lateral side of greater trochanter
gluteus maximus- overlies both previous muscles and attaches to fascia of medius, inserts into iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
tensor fasciae latae- lateral aspect of crest of ilium to the iliotibial tract

39
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus minims, medius and tensor fasciae latae?

A

the superior gluteal nerve

40
Q

What is the order lateral to medial of the neurovascular structures that run in the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve, Femoral artery and Femoral vein

41
Q

Which structure is most prone to hernias in the femoral triangle and what does it contain?

A

medial part of the femoral sheath known as the femoral canal containing lymphatic vessels.

42
Q

Which meniscus has the most mobility and why?

A

lateral meniscus due to it not being attached to the fibular collateral ligament- tendon of popliteus passes between the two fibrous parts.

43
Q

Which direction does patella normally dislocate?

A

laterally

44
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

medially- medial border of adductor longus
laterally- medial border of sartorius
floor- adductor longus and pectineus

45
Q

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

A

medially- semitendinosus
laterally- biceps femoris
floor- posterior articular surfaces of the knee and popliteus
inferiorly- gastrocnemius
roof- fascia of leg and small saphenous vein

46
Q

What passes through the popliteal fossa?

A

popliteal artery (enters via adductor hiatus)
popliteal vein (fed by small saphenous vein)
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve

47
Q

Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius

48
Q

What is the O+I of Tibialis anterior?

A

lateral surface of Tibia and interosseous membrane–> medial and inferior surfaces of the medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1.

49
Q

What is the O+I of Extensor hallucis longus?

A

middle half of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane–> dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of hallux

50
Q

What is the O+I of Extensor digitorum longus?

A

proximal half of medial surface of fibula and lateral tibial condyle–> via dorsal digital expansions to the bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes

51
Q

What is the O+I of fibularis tertius?

A

distal part of medial surface of fibula–> dorsomedial surface of base of 5th metatarsal

52
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

53
Q

What is the O+I of fibularis longus?

A

upper lateral surface of of fibula/ head of fibula–> underside of lateral sides of distal end of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1

54
Q

What is the O+I of fibularis brevis?

A

lower 2/3 of lateral surface fibula–> lateral tubercle at base of metatarsal 5.

55
Q

What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

gastrocnemius
plantaris
soleus

56
Q

What is the O+I of the gastrocnemius?

A

medial and lateral heads attach at the medial and lateral condyles of the femur–> calcaneal tendon

57
Q

What is the O+I of plantaris?

A

inferior part of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee–> long tendon inserts into calcaneal tendon

58
Q

What is the O+I of soleus?

A

soleal line and medial border of Tibia, posterior fibular head–> calcaneal tendon

59
Q

what innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

60
Q

what innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular nerve

61
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

62
Q

What muscles form the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

63
Q

What is the O+I of the popliteus?

A

lateral condyle of femur–> posterior aspect of the tibia

64
Q

What is the O+I of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane-> plantar surface of distal phalanx of hallux

65
Q

What is the O+I of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

medial side of posterior surface of tibia–> plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

66
Q

What is the O+I of the tibialis posterior?

A

posterior surface of interosseous membrane and tibia and fibula–> mainly to tuberosity of navicular bone and medial cuneiform

67
Q

what myotome is responsible for dorsiflexion?

A

L5/S1

68
Q

What is another name for the medial ligament of the ankle joint?

A

deltoid ligament

69
Q

which ankle ligament is most likely to be damaged and what movement would lead to this?

A

lateral ligament of the ankle, via forced inversion

70
Q

Where would you administer an injection in the gluteal region?

A

upper lateral quadrant is the preferred space inferior to the highest point of the iliac crest and slightly lateral to it—> avoids the sciatic nerve which emerges inferior to the piriformis and the superior gluteal nerve which emerges above the piriformis.

71
Q

what is the cutaneous distribution of the plantar nerves on the sole?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves, branch off from posterior foot at the tibial nerve.

Block 12 (4 decks)

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