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Anatomy Year 1 > Muscles in the forearm > Flashcards

Muscles in the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superficial flexors in the anterior compartment?

A
  • Pronator Teres (PT)
  • Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)
  • Palmaris Longus (PL)
  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)
  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)
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2
Q

What are the deep flexors of the anterior compartment?

A
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)
  • Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)
  • Pronator Quadratus (PQ)
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3
Q

What are the superficial extensors in the posterior compartment?

A
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL)
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)
  • Extensor Digitorum (ED)
  • Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM)
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4
Q

What are the deep extensors of the posterior compartment?

A
  • Extensor Indicis (EL)
  • Abdcutor Pollicis Longus
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL)
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB)
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5
Q

What are the borders of the Snuff box?

A
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus - outer
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis - middle
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus - outer
  • Two extensors converge
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6
Q

Pronator Teres (PT) - lies laterally in the superficial group of anterior compartment

A

What is the origin?
- Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
- The adjacent supra epicondylar ridge
- Ulnar head-medial side of coronoid process

Where is the insertion?
- Lateral surface, mid-shaft of radius

What is the nerve supply?
- Median Nerve (C6, C7)

What is the action?
- Pronation of forearm at proximal radio-ulnar joint

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7
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) - lies laterally in the superficial group of anterior compartment

A

What is the origin?
- Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon

Where is the insertion?
- Palmer surface of bases of metacarpals 2 and 3

What is the nerve supply?
- Median Nerve (C6, C7)

What is the action?
- Flexion and Abduction at wrist

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8
Q

Palmaris Longus (PL) - centrally positioned small vestigial muscle

A

What is the origin?
- Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon

Where is the insertion?
- Flexor retinaculum and apex of palmer aponeurosis

What is the nerve supply?
- Median Nerve (C7, C8)

What is the action?
- Weak wrist flexor
- Tightens palmar fascia

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9
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) - Most medial of superficial group of anterior compartment

A

What is the origin?
- Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
- Medial border of olecranon and posterior border of ulna

Where is the insertion?
- Pisiform and hook of hamate and base of metacarpal 5

What is the nerve supply?
- Ulnar Nerve (C7, C8)

What is the action?
- Flexion and adduction at wrist joint
- Synergic action in abduction of digit 5

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10
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) - large ‘intermediate’ muscle

A

What is the origin?
- Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
- Coronoid process of ulna
- Proximal 2/3 anterior border of radius

Where is the insertion (four distal attachments, tendons)?
- Either side palmar surface of middle phalanx of each finger

What is the nerve supply?
- Median Nerve (C8, T1)

What is the action?
- Flexion at wrist, Metacarpalphalangeal and PIP (middle of the finger joint) joint
- Tendon arrangement increases power of grip

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11
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) - deep on medial side of anterior compartment and hugs the ulna

A

What is the origin?
- Medial side of coronoid process of ulna
- Anterior and medial surfaces of ulna
- Anterior half of the interosseous membrane

Where is the insertion?
- Base of palmar surface of distal phalanx of each finger

What is the nerve supply?
- Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
- Anterior interosseous nerve (C7,8,T1)

What is the action?
- Flexion of distal interphalangeal joint of fingers
- Flexion of PIP, MCP joints
- Flexion of wrist joints

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12
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL) - lies lateral to FDP in deep layer of anterior compartment

A

What is the origin?
- Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

Where is the insertion?
- Base of palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb

What is the nerve supply?
- Anterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

What is the action?
- Flexion at CMC, MCP, and IP joint of thumb

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13
Q

Pronator Quadratus (PQ)- deepest muscle in forearm that cannot be observed or palpated

A

What is the origin?
- Oblique ridge on anterior surface of distal fourth of ulna

Where is the insertion?
- Lateral border and anterior surface of distal fourth of radius

What is the nerve supply?
- Median nerve (C7, C8) - anterior interosseous branch

What is the action?
- Pronation of forearm at distal RU joint
- Dynamic stabiliser of the distal RU joint

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14
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL) - on lateral side partly beneath brachioradialis

A

What is the origin?
- Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Where is the insertion?
- Dorsal surface base of metacarpal 2

What is the nerve supply?
- Radial nerve (C6, C7)

What is the action?
- Extension of wrist
- Radial deviation of wrist

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15
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB) - adjacent and partly covered by the ECRL

A

What is the origin?
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon

Where is the insertion?
- Dorsal surface base of metacarpal 2 and 3

What is the nerve supply?
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

What is the action?
- Extension of wrist
- Radial deviation of wrist

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16
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)

A

What is the origin?
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon
- By shared aponeurosis from posterior border of ulna

Where is the insertion?
- Tubercle medial side of base of metacarpal 5

What is the nerve supply?
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

What is the action?
- Extension at wrist joint
- Ulna deviation at wrist joint

17
Q

Extensor Digitorum (ED)

A

What is the origin?
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon

Where is the insertion?
- 4 tendons
- Bases of middle and distal phalanges of each finger

What is the nerve supply?
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

What is the action?
- Extension of the MCP joint of each finger
- Assists extension of IP joints

18
Q

Extensor Indicis (EL) - medial aspect of posterior compartment

A

What is the origin?
- Posterior surface of distal ulna and interosseous membrane

Where is the insertion?
- Dorsal digital expansion of index finger

What is the nerve supply?
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

What is the action?
- Extension of IP and MCP joints of index finger

19
Q

Abdcutor Pollicis Longus (APL)

A

What is the origin?
- Posterior surface of upper ulna and middle radius and intervening interosseous membrane
- Tendon with Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Where is the insertion?
- Radial side of base of metac 1

What is the nerve supply?
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

What is the action?
- Assists extension and abduction at 1st carpometacarpal joint
- Assists abduction at wrist

20
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL)

A

What is the origin?
- Posterior surface of middle 1/3rd of ulna and interosseous membrane

Where is the insertion?
- Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb

What is the nerve supply?
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

What is the action?
- Extension at IP joint
- Assists extension at MCP, CMC and wrist joints

21
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB)

A
  • What is the origin?
    • Posterior surface of middle of ulna and interosseous membrane
  • Where is the insertion?
    • Dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
  • What is the nerve supply?
    • Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
  • What is the action?
    • Extension of MCP and CMC of thumb

Anatomy Year 1 (4 decks)

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