Muscles - Gluteal Flashcards

1
Q

Introduce the gluteal compartment (superficial layer and deep layer) including:

location
structure
function
muscles

A

Location:
located in the gluteal region, on the posterior and lateral aspect of the body. Span between the pelvis and the femur, with the glute max and the TFL indirectly attaching to the tibia via the ITB.

Structure:
4 muscles in the superficial compartment - glute max, glute med, glute min, and TFL.

5 muscles in the dep compartment - piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli superior and inferior, and the quadratus femoris.

The superficial muscles are larger, and run obliquely between the external surface of the pelvis to the femur and ITB.

The deep muscles are smaller, and run more horizontally between the pelvis and the femur.

Function:
There are 6 primary functions of the gluteal muscles:
hip extension,
hip abduction,
internal and external rotation of the hip, stabilization of the pelvis during gait,
and stabilization of the femoral head in the acetabulum.

In addition, the TFL is a mild flexor of the hip.

Muscles:

There are 4 muscles in the superficial layer:
Glute max
glute med
glute min
TFL
and 5 muscles in the deep layer:
piriformis
obturator internus
gemellus superior
gemellus inferior
quadratus femoris
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2
Q

Give a description of the superficial muscles of the gluteal compartment.

A

There are 4 muscles in the superficial layer of the gluteal compartment:

Glute max
glute med
glute min
TFL

Glute Max:
PA: ilium (post gluteal line), posterior surface of sacrum, posterior surface of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
DA: ITB and gluteal tuberosity of femur
NS: inferior gluteal
Actions: extends thigh, externally rotates thigh, assists in standing and climbing

Glute Med:
PA: ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)
DA: greater trochanter (lateral)
NS: superior gluteal
Actions: abducts thigh, internally rotates thigh, stabilises pelvis during gait

Glute Min
PA: ilium (between anterior and inferior lines)
DA: greater trochanter (anterior)
NS: superior gluteal
Actions: abducts thigh, internally rotates thigh, stabilises pelvis during gait

TFL
PA: ASIS and anterior iliac crest
DA: lateral condyle of tibia via ITB
NS: superior gluteal
Actions: abducts, internally rotates, flexes thigh
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3
Q

Describe the glute max muscle

A

Glute Max:
PA: ilium (post gluteal line), posterior surface of sacrum, posterior surface of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
DA: ITB and gluteal tuberosity of femur
NS: inferior gluteal
Actions: extends thigh, externally rotates thigh, assists in standing and climbing

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4
Q

Describe the glute med muscle

A

Glute Med:
PA: ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)
DA: greater trochanter (lateral)
NS: superior gluteal
Actions: abducts thigh, internally rotates thigh, stabilises pelvis during gait

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5
Q

Describe the glute min muscle

A

Glute Min
PA: ilium (between anterior and inferior lines)
DA: greater trochanter (anterior)
NS: superior gluteal
Actions: abducts thigh, internally rotates thigh, stabilises pelvis during gait

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6
Q

Describe the TFL

A
TFL
PA: ASIS and anterior iliac crest
DA: lateral condyle of tibia via ITB
NS: superior gluteal
Actions: abducts, internally rotates, flexes thigh
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7
Q

Give an overview of the deep layer of the gluteal muscles

A
There are 5 muscles in the deep layer of the gluteal muscle compartment:
Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Gemellus Superior
Gemellus Inferior
Quadratus Femoris

Piriformis
PA: anterior surface of sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament
DA: greater trochanter (superior)
NS: nerve to piriformis
Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint

Obturator Internus
PA: obturator membrane (pelvic surface)
DA: greater trochanter (medial)
NS: nerve to obturator internus
Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Gemellus (superior)
PA: ischial spine
DA: greater trochanter (medial)
NS: nerve to obturator internus
Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Gemellus (inferior)
PA: ischial tuberosity
DA: greater trochanter (medial)
NS:nerve to quadratus femoris
Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
Quadratus femoris:
PA: ischial tuberosity (lateral border)
DA: quadrate tubercle
NS: nerve to quadratus femoris
Actions: externally rotates thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
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8
Q

Describe the piriformis muscle

A

Piriformis
PA: anterior surface of sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament
DA: greater trochanter (superior)
NS: nerve to piriformis
Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint

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9
Q

Describe the obturator internus muscle

A
Obturator Internus
PA: obturator membrane (pelvic surface)
DA: greater trochanter (medial)
NS: nerve to obturator internus
Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
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10
Q

Describe the gemellus superior muscle

A
Gemellus (superior)
PA: ischial spine
DA: greater trochanter (medial)
NS: nerve to obturator internus
Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
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11
Q

Describe the gemellus inferior muscle

A
Gemellus (inferior)
PA: ischial tuberosity
DA: greater trochanter (medial)
NS:nerve to quadratus femoris
Actions: externally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
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12
Q

Describe the quadratus femoris muscle

A
Quadratus femoris:
PA: ischial tuberosity (lateral border)
DA: quadrate tubercle
NS: nerve to quadratus femoris
Actions: externally rotates thigh, stabilises femoral head in joint
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13
Q

How many muscles have a distal attachment to the greater trochanter of the femur?

A

6 muscles attach to the greater trochanter.

Greater trochanter (lateral)
* glute med
Greater trochanter (anterior)
* glute min
Greater trochanter (superior)
* piriformis

Greater trochanter (medial)

  • obturator internus
  • gemellus superior
  • gemellus inferior
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14
Q

Which nerves innervate the muscles of the gluteal compartment?

A

Superior gluteal - glute med and glute min

Inferior gluteal - glute max

Nerve to piriformis - piriformis

Nerve to obturator internus - obturator internus, gemelli superior

Nerve to quadratus femoris - quadratus femoris, gemelli inferior

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