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Anatomy and Physiology > Muscles For Lab Exam > Flashcards

Muscles For Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle: Masseter
Origin?

A

Origin: zygomatic arch and maxilla

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2
Q

Muscle: Masseter
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: angle + ramus of mandible

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3
Q

Muscle: Masseter
Action?

A

Action: prime mover of jaw closure and elevates mandible.

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4
Q

Muscle: Diaphragm
Origin?

A

Origin: inferior border + sternum. Costal cartilages of last 6 ribs and lumbar vertebrae.

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5
Q

Muscle: Diaphragm
Insertion?

A

Insertion: central tendon

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6
Q

Muscle: Diaphragm
Action:?

A

Action: prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction
- vertical dimensions of thorax
- intra- abdominal pressure

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7
Q

Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid
Origin?

A

Origin: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle.

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8
Q

Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid
Insertion?

A

Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone.

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9
Q

Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid
Action?

A

Action: flexion of neck forward, rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side.

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10
Q

Muscle: Pectoralis major
Origin?

A

Origin: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle.

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11
Q

Muscle: Pectoralis major
Insertion?

A

Insertion: fibers converge to insert by short tendon into inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus.

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12
Q

Muscle: Pectoralis major
Action ?

A

Action: prime mover of arm flexion; adducts, medially rotates arm.

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13
Q

Muscle: Rectus abdominis
Origin: ?

A

Origin: pubic crest and symphysis

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14
Q

Muscle: Rectus abdominis
Insertion: ?

A

Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

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15
Q

Muscle: Rectus abdominis
Action: ?

A

Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column

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16
Q

Muscle: External oblique
Origin: ?

A

Origin: anterior surface of last eight ribs.

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17
Q

Muscle: External oblique
Insertion?

A

Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest and tubercles, and iliac crest.

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18
Q

Muscle: external oblique
Action?

A

Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, aids muscles of back in trunk rotation/lateral flexion

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19
Q

Muscle: Trapezius
Origin:?

A

Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae

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20
Q

Muscle: Trapezius
Insertion?

A

Insertion: Acromion ad spinous process of scapula, lateral third of clavicle.

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21
Q

Muscle: Trapezius
Action ?

A

Action: raises, rotates retracts (adducts) scapula & stabilizes it.

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22
Q

Muscle: Latissimus Dorsi
Origin ?

A

Origin: indirect attachment to spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, last 3 to 4 ribs, +iliac crest.

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23
Q

Muscle: Latissimus Dorsi
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: floor of inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus

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24
Q

Muscle: Latissimus dorsi
Action?

A

Action: prime mover of arm extension, adducts and medially rotates arm

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25
Q

Muscle: Deltoid
Origin ?

A

Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

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26
Q

Muscle: Deltoid
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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27
Q

Muscle: Deltoid
Action?

A

Action: acting as a whole, prime mover of arm abduction

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28
Q

Muscle: Supraspinatus
Origin ?

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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29
Q

Muscle: Supraspinatus
Insertion: ?

A

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

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30
Q

Muscle: Supraspinatus
Action ?

A

Action: initiates abduction of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint

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31
Q

Muscle: Biceps Brachii
Origin ?

A

Origin: short head: Coracoid process
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle + lip glenoid
Tendon of long head runs in intertubercular sulcus + within capsule of shoulder joint

32
Q

Muscle: Biceps brachii
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: radial tuberosity

33
Q

Muscle: biceps brachii
Action ?

A

Action: flexion (powerful) of elbow and supination of forearm
- it turns the corkscrew and pulls the cork

34
Q

Muscle: triceps brachii
Origin ?

A

Origin: long head- inferior margin of glenoid cavity
Lateral head- posterior humerus
Medial head- distal radial groove on posterior humerus.

35
Q

Muscle: Triceps brachii
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: olecranon of ulna

36
Q

Muscle: Triceps brachii
Action ?

A

Action: powerful forearm extensor
Antagonist of forearm flexors

37
Q

Muscle: Flexor carpi radialis
Origin?

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

38
Q

Muscle: Flexor carpi radialis
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: base of metacarpals 2 and 3

39
Q

Muscle: Flexor carpi radialis
Action ?

A

Action: powerful flexor of wrist abducts hand

40
Q

Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin ?

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus posterior border of ulna.

41
Q

Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: base of metacarpals V

42
Q

Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris
Action: ?

A

Action: extends and adducts wrist

43
Q

Muscle: Extensor digitorum
Origin ?

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

44
Q

Muscle: Extensor digitorum
Insertion: ?

A

Insertion: by 4 tendons into distal phalanges of fingers 2-5.

45
Q

Muscle: extensor digitorum
Action ?

A

Action: prime mover of finger extension
-extends wrist, can flare (abduct) fingers

46
Q

Muscle: Gluteus Maximus
Origin ?

A

Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx

47
Q

Muscle: Gluteal Maximus
Insertion: ?

A

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract.

48
Q

Muscle: Gluteal Maximus
Action: ?

A

Action: powerful thigh extensor
Complex laterally rotates and abducts thigh
Antagonist of iliopsoas **

49
Q

Muscle: Rectus femoris
Origin:

A

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum

50
Q

Muscle: Rectus femoris
Insertion: ?

A

Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella

51
Q

Muscle: Rectus femoris
Origin:

A

Origin: extends knee and flexes thigh at hip.

52
Q

Muscle: Sartorius
Origin: ?

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

53
Q

Muscle: Sartorius
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: by an aponeurosis into medical aspect proximal tibia

54
Q

Muscle: Sartorius
Action: ?

A

Action: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee.

55
Q

Muscle: Biceps Femoris
Origin: ?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity (long head)
Linea aspera and distal femur (short head)

56
Q

Muscle: Biceps femoris
Insertion: ?

A

Insertion:tendon passes laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia.

57
Q

Muscle: Biceps Femoris
Action: ?

A

Action: extends thigh, flexes knee

58
Q

Muscle: Adductor longus
Origin: ?

A

Origin: pubis near pubic symphysis

59
Q

Muscle: adductor longus
Insertion: ?

A

Insertion: linea aspera

60
Q

Muscle: adductor longus
Action: ?

A

Action: adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh

61
Q

Muscle: Tibialis anterior
Origin ?

A

Origin: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibia
Proximal 3/4 of fibula
Interosseous membrane

62
Q

Muscle: Tibialis anterior
Insertion: ?

A

Insertion: by tendon into inferior surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal l

63
Q

Muscle: Tibialis anterior
Action ?

A

Action: prime mover of dorsiflexion
Inverts foot
Supports longitudinal arch of foot.

64
Q

Muscle: Extensor digitorum
Origin ?

A

Origin: lateral condyleof tibia proximal 3/4 of fibula
Interosseous membrane

65
Q

Muscle: extensor digitorum
Insertion:?

A

Insertion: tendon divides into 4 parts
Inserts into middle/ distal phalanges of toes 2-5

66
Q

Muscle: Extensor digitorum
Action ?

A

Action:prime mover of toe extension
Dorsi flexes foot

67
Q

Muscle: Gastrocnemius
Origin ?

A

Origin: two heads from medial and lateral condyle of femur

68
Q

Gastrocnemius
Insertion ?

A

Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

69
Q

Muscle: Gastrocnemius
Action ?

A

Action: plantar flexes foot when knee is extended
Crosses knee joint, thus can flex knee.

70
Q

Muscle: Tibialis posterior
Origin: ?

A

Origin: superior portion of tibia and fibula and Interosseous membrane.

71
Q

Tibialis posterior
Insertion: ?

A

Insertion: tendon passes obliquely behind medial malleolus and under arch of foot, inserts into several tarsals and metatarsals ll-lV

72
Q

Tibialis posterior
Action ?

A

Action: primer mover of foot inversion
-plantar flexes foot
Stabilizes longitudinal arch of foot.

73
Q

Muscle: Fibularis longus (peroneus)
Origin: ?

A

Origin: head and upper portion of fibula

74
Q

Muscle: Fibularis longus (peroneus)
Insertion?

A

Insertion: by long tendon under foot to metatarsal l and medial cuneiform.

75
Q

Muscle: Fibularis longus
Action: ?

A

Action: plantar flexes and everts foot
Helps keep foot flat on ground.

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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