Muscles For Lab Exam Flashcards
Muscle: Masseter
Origin?
Origin: zygomatic arch and maxilla
Muscle: Masseter
Insertion ?
Insertion: angle + ramus of mandible
Muscle: Masseter
Action?
Action: prime mover of jaw closure and elevates mandible.
Muscle: Diaphragm
Origin?
Origin: inferior border + sternum. Costal cartilages of last 6 ribs and lumbar vertebrae.
Muscle: Diaphragm
Insertion?
Insertion: central tendon
Muscle: Diaphragm
Action:?
Action: prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction
- vertical dimensions of thorax
- intra- abdominal pressure
Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid
Origin?
Origin: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle.
Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid
Insertion?
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone.
Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid
Action?
Action: flexion of neck forward, rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side.
Muscle: Pectoralis major
Origin?
Origin: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle.
Muscle: Pectoralis major
Insertion?
Insertion: fibers converge to insert by short tendon into inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus.
Muscle: Pectoralis major
Action ?
Action: prime mover of arm flexion; adducts, medially rotates arm.
Muscle: Rectus abdominis
Origin: ?
Origin: pubic crest and symphysis
Muscle: Rectus abdominis
Insertion: ?
Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Muscle: Rectus abdominis
Action: ?
Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column
Muscle: External oblique
Origin: ?
Origin: anterior surface of last eight ribs.
Muscle: External oblique
Insertion?
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest and tubercles, and iliac crest.
Muscle: external oblique
Action?
Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, aids muscles of back in trunk rotation/lateral flexion
Muscle: Trapezius
Origin:?
Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
Muscle: Trapezius
Insertion?
Insertion: Acromion ad spinous process of scapula, lateral third of clavicle.
Muscle: Trapezius
Action ?
Action: raises, rotates retracts (adducts) scapula & stabilizes it.
Muscle: Latissimus Dorsi
Origin ?
Origin: indirect attachment to spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, last 3 to 4 ribs, +iliac crest.
Muscle: Latissimus Dorsi
Insertion ?
Insertion: floor of inter-tubercular sulcus of humerus
Muscle: Latissimus dorsi
Action?
Action: prime mover of arm extension, adducts and medially rotates arm
Muscle: Deltoid
Origin ?
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Muscle: Deltoid
Insertion ?
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Muscle: Deltoid
Action?
Action: acting as a whole, prime mover of arm abduction
Muscle: Supraspinatus
Origin ?
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Muscle: Supraspinatus
Insertion: ?
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Muscle: Supraspinatus
Action ?
Action: initiates abduction of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint
Muscle: Biceps Brachii
Origin ?
Origin: short head: Coracoid process
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle + lip glenoid
Tendon of long head runs in intertubercular sulcus + within capsule of shoulder joint
Muscle: Biceps brachii
Insertion ?
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Muscle: biceps brachii
Action ?
Action: flexion (powerful) of elbow and supination of forearm
- it turns the corkscrew and pulls the cork
Muscle: triceps brachii
Origin ?
Origin: long head- inferior margin of glenoid cavity
Lateral head- posterior humerus
Medial head- distal radial groove on posterior humerus.
Muscle: Triceps brachii
Insertion ?
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
Muscle: Triceps brachii
Action ?
Action: powerful forearm extensor
Antagonist of forearm flexors
Muscle: Flexor carpi radialis
Origin?
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Muscle: Flexor carpi radialis
Insertion ?
Insertion: base of metacarpals 2 and 3
Muscle: Flexor carpi radialis
Action ?
Action: powerful flexor of wrist abducts hand
Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin ?
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus posterior border of ulna.
Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris
Insertion ?
Insertion: base of metacarpals V
Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris
Action: ?
Action: extends and adducts wrist
Muscle: Extensor digitorum
Origin ?
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Muscle: Extensor digitorum
Insertion: ?
Insertion: by 4 tendons into distal phalanges of fingers 2-5.
Muscle: extensor digitorum
Action ?
Action: prime mover of finger extension
-extends wrist, can flare (abduct) fingers
Muscle: Gluteus Maximus
Origin ?
Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx
Muscle: Gluteal Maximus
Insertion: ?
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract.
Muscle: Gluteal Maximus
Action: ?
Action: powerful thigh extensor
Complex laterally rotates and abducts thigh
Antagonist of iliopsoas **
Muscle: Rectus femoris
Origin:
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
Muscle: Rectus femoris
Insertion: ?
Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella
Muscle: Rectus femoris
Origin:
Origin: extends knee and flexes thigh at hip.
Muscle: Sartorius
Origin: ?
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Muscle: Sartorius
Insertion ?
Insertion: by an aponeurosis into medical aspect proximal tibia
Muscle: Sartorius
Action: ?
Action: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee.
Muscle: Biceps Femoris
Origin: ?
Origin: ischial tuberosity (long head)
Linea aspera and distal femur (short head)
Muscle: Biceps femoris
Insertion: ?
Insertion:tendon passes laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia.
Muscle: Biceps Femoris
Action: ?
Action: extends thigh, flexes knee
Muscle: Adductor longus
Origin: ?
Origin: pubis near pubic symphysis
Muscle: adductor longus
Insertion: ?
Insertion: linea aspera
Muscle: adductor longus
Action: ?
Action: adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh
Muscle: Tibialis anterior
Origin ?
Origin: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibia
Proximal 3/4 of fibula
Interosseous membrane
Muscle: Tibialis anterior
Insertion: ?
Insertion: by tendon into inferior surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal l
Muscle: Tibialis anterior
Action ?
Action: prime mover of dorsiflexion
Inverts foot
Supports longitudinal arch of foot.
Muscle: Extensor digitorum
Origin ?
Origin: lateral condyleof tibia proximal 3/4 of fibula
Interosseous membrane
Muscle: extensor digitorum
Insertion:?
Insertion: tendon divides into 4 parts
Inserts into middle/ distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Muscle: Extensor digitorum
Action ?
Action:prime mover of toe extension
Dorsi flexes foot
Muscle: Gastrocnemius
Origin ?
Origin: two heads from medial and lateral condyle of femur
Gastrocnemius
Insertion ?
Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Muscle: Gastrocnemius
Action ?
Action: plantar flexes foot when knee is extended
Crosses knee joint, thus can flex knee.
Muscle: Tibialis posterior
Origin: ?
Origin: superior portion of tibia and fibula and Interosseous membrane.
Tibialis posterior
Insertion: ?
Insertion: tendon passes obliquely behind medial malleolus and under arch of foot, inserts into several tarsals and metatarsals ll-lV
Tibialis posterior
Action ?
Action: primer mover of foot inversion
-plantar flexes foot
Stabilizes longitudinal arch of foot.
Muscle: Fibularis longus (peroneus)
Origin: ?
Origin: head and upper portion of fibula
Muscle: Fibularis longus (peroneus)
Insertion?
Insertion: by long tendon under foot to metatarsal l and medial cuneiform.
Muscle: Fibularis longus
Action: ?
Action: plantar flexes and everts foot
Helps keep foot flat on ground.