Muscles, fascias, compartments

Question 1

Origin and development of muscles, molecular mechanisms

General features of striated muscle, its auxiliary structures (motor end plate, motor unit, muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ), motor and proprioceptive innervation

Muscles and fascias of the head

Muscles and fascias of the neck (draw transverse section of the neck)

Muscles and fascias of thorax, diaphragm - structure, passages, function, innervation, diaphragmatic hernias

Muscles of abdominal wall, fascias, function

Inguinal canal (draw scheme), inguinal hernias

Pelvic floor muscles, perineal muscles, ischioanal fossa, pelvic fascias (draw frontal section of pelvis)

Muscles and fascias of back

Muscles of shoulder girdle, fascias, axillary fossa

Muscles and fascias of arm and forearm (draw transverse sections)

Muscles and fascias of hand (draw transverse section), tendon sheaths, carpal canal

Muscles and fascias of hip

Muscles and fascias of thigh, femoral triangle, popliteal fossa

Muscles, fascias and compartments of leg and foot (draw transverse sections)

Question 2

General features of striated muscle, its auxiliary structures (motor end plate, motor unit, muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ), motor and proprioceptive innervation

Question 3

Muscles and fascias of the head

Question 4

Muscles and fascias of hip

Answer 4

Major flexor muscles of the hip (iliopsoas-psoas major and iliacus) do not originate in the gluteal

region or the thigh. Instead, they are attached to the posterior abdominal wall and descend through

the gap between the inguinal ligament and pelvic bone to attach to the proximal end of the femur

Question 5

Muscles and fascias of thigh, femoral triangle, popliteal fossa

Answer 5

Muscles in the thigh and leg are separated into three compartments by layers of fascia, bones, and

ligaments (Fig. 6.13).

In the thigh, there are medial (adductor), anterior (extensor), and posterior (flexor) compartments:

most muscles in the medial compartment act mainly on the hip joint;

the large muscles (hamstrings) in the posterior compartment act on the hip (extension) and

knee (flexion) because they attach to both the pelvis and bones of the leg;

muscles in the anterior compartment (quadriceps femoris) predominantly extend the knee.

Question 6

Muscles, fascias and compartments of leg and foot (draw transverse sections)

Answer 6

Muscles in the leg are divided into lateral (fibular), anterior, and posterior compartments:

muscles in the lateral compartment predominantly evert the foot;

muscles in the anterior compartment dorsiflex the foot and extend the digits;

muscles in the posterior compartment plantarflex the foot and flex the digits; one of the muscles

can also flex the knee because it attaches superiorly to the femur.