Muscles Exam 2 Flashcards
Insertion of Supraspinatus
Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Origin of Supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Innervation of Supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5 (main), C6)
Action of Supraspinatus
Initiates and assists deltoid I’m abduction of shoulder joint and acts with other rotator cuff muscles
Origin infraspinatus
Infraspinatus fossa of scapula
Insertion infraspinatus
Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation of infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve (C5 (main), C6)
Main action of infraspinatus
- Laterally rotate shoulder joint
2. Help hold humerus in glenoid cavity of scapula
Origin: Teres Minor
Middle border of the lateral border of the scapula
Insertion: Teres Minor
Inferior Facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Innervation: Teres Minor
Axillary Nerve (C5 and C6)
Main Action: Teres Minor
- Laterally rotates shoulder joint
2. Helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
Origin: Teres Major
- Inferior part of the lateral border of the scapula
2. Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Teres Major
Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation: Teres Major
Lower subscapular nerve (C5 and C6)
Main Action: Teres Major
Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint
Origin: Subscapularis
Subscapularis fossa of the scapula
Insertion: Subscapularis
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Innervation: Subscapularis
Upper and lower Subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
Main Action: Subscapularis
- Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint
2. Helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
Origin: Deltoid
- Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
- Acromion
- Spine of the scapula
Insertion: Deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Innervation: Deltoid
Axillary nerve (C5 and C6)
Action: Deltoid
Clavicular part: medial rotation
Acromial part: abduction
Spinous part: lateral rotation
Origin: Pectoralis Major
- Clavicular Head: Anterior surface of the middle half of the clavicle
- Sternocostal Head: Anterior surface of the sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscles
Insertion: Pectoralis Major
Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Innervation: Pectoralis Major
Lateral and medial pectoral nerve:
- Clavicular Head: C5 and C6
- Sternocostal Head: C7, C8, and T1
Main Action: Pecotralis Major
- Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
- Acting alone, Clavicular head flexes shoulder joint and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position
Origin: Pectoralis Minor
3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Insertion: Pectoralis Minor
- Medial border of scapula
2. superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
Innervation: Pectoralis Minor
Medial pectoral nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Pectoralis Minor
Stabilizes the scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
Origin: Subclavius
Junction of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Insertion: Subclavius
Inferior surface if middle 3rd of clavicle
Innervation: Subclavius
Subclavian nerve (C5 and C6)
Main Action: Subclavius
Anchors and depresses clavicle
Origin: Serratus Anterior
External surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8
Insertion: Serratus Anterior
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Innervation: Serratus Anterior
Long Thoracic nerve (C5- C7)
Main Action: Serratus Anterior
- Protects scapula and holds against thoracic wall
2. Rotates Scapula
Origin: Brachioradialis
Proximal 2/3 of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: Brachioradialis
Distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
Innervation: Brachioradialis
Radial nerve (C5-C7)
Main Action: Brachioradialis
Relatively weak Flexion of elbow joint maximal when forearm is in midpronated position
Origin: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
Innervation: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Radial nerve (C6 and C7)
Main Action: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extends and abducts wrist joint and is active during fist clenching
Origin: Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
Insertion: Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Dorsal aspect of 3rd metacarpal
Innervation: Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7 and C8)
Main Action: Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extend and abduct wrist joint and is active during fist clenching
Origin: Extensor Digitorum
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Extensor Digitorum
Extensor expansions of medial 4 fingers
Innervation: Extensor Digitorum
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8)- continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Main Action: Extensor Digitorum
- Extend wrist joint
2. Extends medial 4 fingers primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints and secondarily at interphalangeal joints
Origin: Extensor Digiti Minimi
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor expansion of 5th finger
Innervation: Extensor Digiti Minimi
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8) continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Main Action: Extensor Digiti Minimi
- Extends wrist joint
2. Extends 5th finger primarily at metacarpophalangeal joint and secondarily at interphalangeal joint
Origin: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
2. Posterior border of ulna
Insertion: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
Innervation: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8) continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Main Action: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extends and adducts wrist joint and is also active during fist clenching
Origin: Supinator
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Radial Collateral and Anular Ligaments
- Supinator Fossa
- Crest of Ulna
Insertion: Supinator
Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
Innervation: Supinator
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7 and C8)
Main Action: Supinator
- Supinates forearm
2. Rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly if elbow is flexed
Origin: Abductor Pollicis Longus
Proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Abductor Pollicis Longus
Base of 1st metacarpal
Innervation: Abductor Pollicis Longus
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8) continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Main Action: Abductor Pollicis Longus
- Extends wrist joint
2. Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint
Origin: Extensor Pollicis Longus
Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Extnsor Pollicis Longus
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Extensor Pollicis Longus
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8) continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Main Action: Extensor Pollicis Longus
- Extends wrist joint
- Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint
- Extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints
Origin: Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8) continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Main Action: Extensor Pollicis Brevis
- Extends wrist joint
- Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
- Extends Carpometacarpal joint
Origin: Extensor Indicis
Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Extensor Indicis
Extensor expansion of 2nd finger
Innervation: Extensor Indicis
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8) continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Main Action: Extensor Indicis
- Extends wrist joint
- Extends 2nd finger enabling its independent extension
- Helps extend hand at wrist
Origin: Biceps Brachii
Short Head: tips of coracoid process of scapula
Long Head: supra glenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: Biceps Brachii
Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
Innervation: Biceps Brachii
Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5 and C6)
Main Action: Biceps Brachii
- Supinates forearm and when it is Supinates flexes elbow joint
- Flexes shoulder joint
- Short head resists dislocation of shoulder
Origin: Brachialis
Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Insertion: Brachialis
Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Innervation: Brachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6)
Main Action: Brachialis
Flexes elbow joint in all positions
Origin: Coracobrachialis
Tip of coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Coracobrachialis
Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus
Innervation: Coracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-C7)
Main Action: Coracobrachialis
- Helps flex and adduct shoulder joint
2. Resists dislocation of shoulder
Origin: Triceps Brachii
Long Head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral Head: posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove
Medial Head: posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove
Insertion: Triceps Brachii
Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Innervation: Triceps Brachii
Radial Nerve (C6-C8)
Main Action: Triceps Brachii
- Chief extensor of elbow joint
2. Long head extends to shoulder joint and resists dislocation of humerus- important during abduction
Origin: Pronator Teres
- Ulnar Head: coronoid process of ulna
2. Humeral Head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Pronator Teres
Middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius
Innervation: Pronator Teres
Median nerve (C6 and C7)
Main Action: Pronator Teres
Pronate and flexes forearm
Origin: Flexor Carpi Radialis
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Flexor Carpi Radialis
Base of 2nd (3rd) metacarpal
Innervation: Flexor Carpi Radialis
Median Nerve (C6 and C7)
Main Action: Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexes and abducts hand at wrist
Origin: Palmaris Longus
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Palmaris Longus
- Distal half of flexor retinaculum
2. Palmar aponeurosis
Innervation: Palmaris Longus
Median Nerve (C7 and C8)
Main Action: Palmaris Longus
Flexes hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis
Origin: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Olecranon and posterior border of ulna
Insertion: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- Pisiform
- Hook of hamate
- 5th metacarpal
Innervation: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Ulnar Nerve ( C7 and C8)
Main Action: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexes and adducts hand at wrist
Origin: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Humero-ulnar Head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
- Radial Head: oblique line of radius
Insertion: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Shaft of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
Innervation: Flexor Digitorum Superficicalis
Median Nerve (C7-T1)
Main Action: Fexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Flexes wrist joint
- Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of middle 4 digits
- Flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joint
Origin: Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits
Innervation: Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Lateral part (to digits 2 and 3): Median nerve (C8 and T1)
- Medial part (to digits 4 and 5): Ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Flexes wrist joint
- Flexes distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
- Assists with wrist flexion
Origin: Flexor Pollicis Longus
Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion: Flexor Pollicis Longus
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Flexor Pollicis Longus
Anterior interosseous nerve from medial nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Flexor Pollicis Longus
- Flexes wrist
2. Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joint of the thumb
Origin: Pronator Quadratus
Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: Pronator Quadratus
Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
Innervation: Pronator Quadratus
Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Pronator Quadratus
- Pronator forearm
2. Deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
Origin: Opponens Pollicis
Flexor Retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion: Opponens Pollicis
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
Innervation: Opponens Pollicis
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Opponens Pollicis
To oppose thumb it draws 1st metacarpal Medially to center of palm and rotates it medially
Origin: Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion: Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Abducts thumb and helps oppose it
Origin: Adductor Pollicis (Oblique Head and Transverse Head)
- Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals
- Anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
Insertion: Adductor Pollicis (Oblique Head and Transverse Head)
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Adductor Pollicis (Oblique Head and Transverse Head)
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Adductor Pollicis (Oblique Head and Transverse Head)
Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm
Origin: Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Superficial Head and Deep Head)
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion: Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Superficial Head and Deep Head)
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Superficial Head and Deep Head)
- Superficial head: Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1)
- Deep head: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Superficial Head and Deep Head)
Flexes thumb
Origin: Abductor Digiti Minimi
Pisiform
Insertion: Abductor Digiti Minimi
Medial side of proximal phalanx of 5th finger
Innervation: Abductor Digiti Minimi
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Abductor Digiti Minimi
Abducts 5th finger and assists in Flexion of its proximal phalanx
Origin: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger
Main Action: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th finger
Origin: Opponens Digiti Minimi
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Opponens Digiti Minimi
Medial border of 5th metacarpal
Main Action: Opponens Digiti Minimi
Draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it bringing 5th finger into opposition with thumb
Innervation: Opponens Digiti Minimi
Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Origin: Lumbricals 1 and 2
Lateral 2 tendons of flexor Digitorum Profundus
Insertion: Lumbricals 1 and 2
Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd-5th fingers
Innervation: Lumbricals 1 and 2
Median nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Lumbricals 1 and 2
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th fingers
Origin: Lumbricals 3 and 4
Medial 3 tendons of flexor Digitorum Profundus
Insertion: Lumbricals 3 and 4
Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd-5th fingers
Innervation: Lumbricals 3 and 4
Median nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Lumbricals 3 and 4
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th fingers
Origin: Dorsal Interossei 1-4
Adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals
Insertion: Dorsal Interossei 1-4
Bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of 2nd-4th fingers
Innervation: Dorsi Interossei 1-4
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
Main Action: Dorsal Interossei 1-4
Abduct 2nd-4th fingers from axial line and act with Lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints
Origin: Palmer Interossei 1-3
Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals
Insertion: Palmar Interossei 1-3
Bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers
Innervation: Palmar Interossei 1-3
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C7 and T1)
Main Action: Palmar Interossei 1-3
Adduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers towards axial line and assist Lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joint and extending interphalangeal joints
Innervation: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)