Muscles Ch 9

Question 1

The striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibers results from the

Answer 1

Sarcomere organization

Question 2

The innermost layer of connective tissue and skeletal muscle is the

Answer 2

Endomysium

Question 3

What are the three types of muscle tissue in the muscular system?

Answer 3

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 4

What are the two types of striated muscles?

Answer 4

Skeletal, cardiac

Question 5

What is a non-striated muscle?

Answer 5

Smooth

Question 6

What are the connective tissues in and closely surrounding a muscle? (3)

Answer 6

1. Epimysium
2. Perimysium
3. Endomysium

Question 7

What ion is important for muscle contractions?

Answer 7

Calcium

Question 8

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) do?

Answer 8

Stores calcium

Question 9

What is myosin?

Answer 9

Thick filaments in muscle fibers. Wants to act with actin to contract muscle. When not acting with actin it relaxes.

Question 10

What is actin?

Answer 10

Thin filament surrounded by Troponin and tropomyosin

Question 11

Tropomyosin holds onto what?

Answer 11

Troponin

Question 12

Membrane bound sacs containing neurotransmitters:

Answer 12

Synaptic vesicles

Question 13

Space between neuron and muscle fiber, across which neurotransmitter travels:

Answer 13

Synaptic cleft

Question 14

What is a Neuro transmitter for skeletal muscle?

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

Enzyme for acetylcholine

Answer 15

Acetylcholase

Question 16

Describe how a muscle contracts

Answer 16

A nerve impulse travels down a neuron to the synaptic cleft. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters to travel through synaptic cleft to get to neural receptors in the muscle. calcium is released by SR. Calcium combines with troponins releasing it from tropomyosin so actin can connect to the myosin head, shortening the sacromeres. 

Question 17

What stores extra oxygen and muscles?

Answer 17

Myoglobin

Question 18

Inability to contract muscle

Answer 18

Muscle fatigue

Question 19

Involuntary muscle contraction

Answer 19

Muscle cramp

Question 20

Isometric contraction:

Answer 20

Equal length of muscle but change in force. (Ex: pushing a wall or holding a yoga pose)

Question 21

Isotonic contraction (2)

Answer 21

Equal force, change in length.
1. Concentric contraction: shortening
2. Eccentric contraction: lengthening

Question 22

Do smooth muscles use Troponin or calmodulin?

Answer 22

Calmodulin

Question 23

What two neurotransmitters affect smooth muscle?

Answer 23

Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine

Question 24

Sternocleidomastoid origin, insertion, action, nerve supply:

Answer 24

Origin: sternum, clavicle
Insertion: mastoid of temporal bone
Action: moves neck
Nerve: accessory, C2, C3

Question 25

Serratus Anterior origin, insertion, action, nerve supply:

Answer 25

Origin: upper ribs
Insertion: medial scapula
Action: protracts and rotates scapula
Nerve: long thoracic nerve

Question 26

Deltoid origin, insertion, action, nerve supply

Answer 26

Origin: acromion process, spine of scapula, clavicle
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: abducts arm, flexes shoulder, extends shoulder
Nerve: axillary nerve

Question 27

Sartorius origin, insertion, action, nerve supply

Answer 27

Origin: iliac spine
Insertion: medial tibia
Action: flexes knee, hip. Abducts, rotates thigh laterally. Rotates leg medially
Nerve: femoral nerve

Question 28

Gastrocnemius origin, insertion, action, nerve supply

Answer 28

Origin: lateral and medial condyles of femur
Insertion: posterior calcaneous
Action: plantar flex foot, flex knee
Nerve: tibial

Question 29

Rectus femoris: origin, insertion, action, nerve supply

Answer 29

Origin: iliac spine, acetabulum
Insertion: patella tendon
Action: extends knee, flex hip
Nerve: femoral nerve