Muscles Bio Science

Question 1

What is the cell shape and appearance of skeletal muscle

Answer 1

Single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations.

Question 2

What is the cell shape and appearance of Cardiac muscle?

Answer 2

Branching chains of cells; uni or binucleate; striations

Question 3

What is the cell shape and appearance of Smooth Muscle?

Answer 3

Single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations

Question 4

Where is skeletal muscle found?

Answer 4

Attached to bones or (some facial muscles) to skin

Question 5

Where is Cardiac muscle found?

Answer 5

walls of the heart

Question 6

Where is Smooth muscle found?

Answer 6

the muscle in the walls of hollow visceral organs

Question 7

In regards to muscles properties of muscle tissues, what does the term excitability mean?

Answer 7

Ability to receive and respond to stimuli

Question 8

In regards to muscles properties of muscle tissues, what does the term Contractility mean?

Answer 8

ability to contract when stimulated

Question 9

In regards to muscles properties of muscle tissues, what does the term extensibility mean?

Answer 9

Ability to be stretched or extended

Question 10

In regards to muscles properties of muscle tissues, what does the term elastcity mean?

Answer 10

ability to recoil to resting length

Question 11

What is a fasicle?

Answer 11

bundles of muscle fibres (cells)

Question 12

What does the epimysium surround?

Answer 12

surrounds the entire muscle

Question 13

what does the perimysium surround?

Answer 13

surrounds the bundles of fibres (fasicle)

Question 14

What does the endomysium surround?

Answer 14

surrounds the individual muscle fibres

Question 15

What are the sheaths from external to internal?

Answer 15

• epimysium
• perimysium
• endomysium

Question 16

Define origin?

Answer 16

The end of the muscle tht is attached to a structure (usually bone) that remains stationary

Question 17

Define insertion?

Answer 17

Oppposite end of muscle to the origin; that is moved by the contraction

Question 18

Tendons attach……. to ………..

Answer 18

muscle to bone

Question 19

ligaments attach …….. to ………

Answer 19

bone to bone

Question 20

What is the Agonist ?

Answer 20

prime mover contracts to cause an action

Question 21

what is the antagonist?

Answer 21

stretches and yeilds to the action of the agonist

Question 22

What does the synergist do ?

Answer 22

contract to stabilise intermediate joints

Question 23

What does the fixator do ?

Answer 23

stabilise the origin of the agonist

Question 24

What is a muscle fibre (cell)?

Answer 24

long cylindrical cell with multiple nuclei just beneath the sarcolemma (cell membrane)

Question 25

What is a myofibril?

Answer 25

densely packed rod-like organelles

• contain bundles of contractile proteins
• straitions are due to repeating pattern of dark and light bands

Question 26

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 26

• the smallest contractile unit of muscle fibre
• sarcomere line up end to end in series, contraction of the series sarcomere leads to contraction of myofibrils and therefore muscle cells

Question 27

What is the sarcolemma?

Answer 27

The muscle cell membrane