Muscles and the Skeletal system.

Question 1

Name the bones needed for the GCSE-

Answer 1

Cranium, scapula, rib cage, humerus, sternum, vertebrae, radius, pelvis, ulna, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, talus.

Question 2

The function of flat bones are to-

Answer 2

Protect vital organs (ribs or pelvis).

Question 3

The function of long bones are to-

Answer 3

Enable gross movement (big movement).

Question 4

The function of short bones are to-

Answer 4

Enable finer, controlled movement (fingers).

Question 5

The function of irregular bones are to-

Answer 5

They are especially shaped to protect body parts (vertebrae, to protect spinal cord).

Question 6

What does SSMMPP stand for?

Answer 6

S- support 
S- structural shape
M- movement
M- mineral storage
P- protection
P- production of blood cells

These are the functions of the skeletal system.

Question 7

Different muscles needed for the GCSE-

Answer 7

Biceps, triceps, hamstring, quadriceps, pectorals, gluteals, latissimus dorsi, deltoid , rotator cuffs, abdominals, hip flexors, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior.

Question 8

What is the cartilage?

Answer 8

A cushion for bones at the end of the bone, provides a smooth surface.

Question 9

What is the capsule?

Answer 9

A tough fibrous tissue that supports and strengthens joints.

Question 10

What is the synovial membrane?

Answer 10

A connective tissue between the capsule and joint cavity and releases synovial fluids to lubricate joints.

Question 11

What is synovial fluid?

Answer 11

A lubrication for joints produced by the membrane.

Question 12

What is the bursae?

Answer 12

A sack filled with fluids to reduce friction.

Question 13

Types of muscle contraction: What is concentric muscle contraction?

Answer 13

When the muscle shortens as it contracts, accelerating an object (jump kick).

Question 14

What is eccentric muscle contraction?

Answer 14

Muscle lengthens under tension to slow down the object.

Question 15

What is isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 15

Muscles are still working but remain the same length (handstand).

Question 16

Movement patterns: What is flexion?

Answer 16

Movement in the anterior - posterior plane that reduces the angle between the articulating elements as in bringing the head toward the chest (bicep curl)

Question 17

What is extension?

Answer 17

Occurs in the same plane as flexion, except that it increases the angle between articulating elements. Extension reverses the movement of flexion. Hyper extension is a continuation of movement past the anatomical position which can cause injury (following through on a kick)

Question 18

What is abduction?

Answer 18

Movement away from the centre, spreading the toes or fingers apart (throwing a ball)

Question 19

What is adduction?

Answer 19

Movement toward the midline of the body, bringing the toes or fingers together (downward motion when doing a star-jump).

Question 20

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 20

The movement of the ankle while elevating the sole, as if digging in the heel (running)

Question 21

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 21

The opposite movement to dorsiflexion, extending the ankle and elevating the heel, as if standing on tiptoes (pushing away from starting point in a sprint).

Question 22

What is rotation?

Answer 22

Turning the body or a limb around the longitudinal axis, rotating the arm to screw in a lightbulb (twist in gymnastics).

Question 23

What is circumduction?

Answer 23

A special type of angular motion, described as making circular movements, moving the arm in a loop (butterfly stroke in swimming).

Question 24

Movement: What is a lever?

Answer 24

A rigid bar that turns about an axis to create movement.

Question 25

What is the effort?

Answer 25

The force required to move the load.

Question 26

What is the fulcrum?

Answer 26

The fixed point at which a lever turns or is supported. Can also be referred to as the axis.

Question 27

What is the load?

Answer 27

The weight to be moved by the lever system.

Question 28

1st class lever-

Answer 28

Effort, fulcrum, load. Elbow extension only (can move large load with little effort).

Question 29

2nd class lever-

Answer 29

Effort, load, fulcrum. Ankle extension only. most effective lever as a relatively small force can move a large weight (less effort to move heavy loads).

Question 30

3rd class lever-

Answer 30

Fulcrum, effort, load. Everything except elbow and ankle extension. The effort is placed between the fulcrum and the load (load moves further away giving a wide range of movement and can gain speed.

Question 31

Mechanical advantage-

Answer 31

effort arm / resistance arm.

Question 32

A lever can overcome a large load with a lot of effort or with little effort?

Answer 32

Little effort.