muscles and movement Flashcards
Define ‘joint’
A place where 2 bones meet
Define ‘cartilage’
A tough, smooth substance that covers the surface of the bones
What is a ligament?
Flexible, elastic material holding a joint together (connecting a bone to a bone)
What is a tendon?
A non-elastic material connecting muscles to bones
Define ‘synovial fluid’
A non-newtonian liquid that lubricates joints, prevents friction and acts as a shock absorber
Define ‘fixed joint’ and give examples
A place where 2 bones join but don’t move, like the skull and pelvis
Define ‘hinge joint’ and give examples
A joint where the bones can only move in one direction, like in the knee or finger
Define ‘Ball and socket joint’
A joint where the bones can swivel and move around in any direction
How do muscles make bones move? Include antagonistic pairs and the interactions of muscles and tendons
The muscle recieves input from the nervous system, causing it to either contract or relax, this makes another muscle (its antagonistic pair) do the opposite. As the muscles either contract or relax, the tendons (connecting the muscle to the bone) move the bone.
How do muscles contract and relax?
Muscle fibres have special proteins, allowing them to contract and relax based on input from the nervous system, with its antagonistic par doing the opposite.
Define ‘skeletal muscles’
-They are attached to the skeleton and move the bones
-They’re voluntary
-Made of regular, repeating units
-Is striated (stripey)
-Contracts quickly, but fatigues quickly
Define ‘smooth muscles’
-Inside some blood vessels and tubular organs (intestines and airways)
-Involuntary
-Makes circular and longitudinal layers
-Contracts slowly, fatigues slowly
Define ‘cardiac muscle’
-Makes up the heart
-Involuntary
-MYOGENIC (contracts without input from nervous system)
-striated (stripey), but less regular pattern
-does not fatigue
Describe the basic structure of a muscle
Muscle is made of fibre bundles (lots of cells all together) that contain special proteins the contract to cause movement
