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Anatomy > Muscles and Actions > Flashcards

Muscles and Actions Flashcards

1
Q

Name the iliopsoas muscles of the hip and their actions?

A

Iliacus, Psoas major, and Psoas minor.

Hip flexion

Psoas major (bilateral contraction = trunk flexion) (unilateral contraction = lateral trunk flexion)

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2
Q

1.2What are the actions of the iliopsoas muscle?

A

Hip Flexion.

With bilateral contraction of the psoas major = trunk flexion
With unilateral contraction of the posas major = lateral trunk flexion

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3
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh and their actions?

A

Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus

Hip/Thigh Extension, Knee Flexion, Medial and Lateral Rotation

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4
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip/Thigh extension and Knee flexion

Biceps femoris: lateral rotation when the knee is semi-flexed or internal rotator of the thigh if the foot is fixed on the surface.

Semitendinosus: Additionally, when the knee is semiflexed, it contributes to the internal rotation of the leg.

Semimembranosus: when the foot is elevated, semimembranosus flexes and internally rotates the leg. Additionally, when the hip is in full extension, semimembranosus causes internal rotation of the hip.

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5
Q

What are the superficial gluteal muscles and their actions?

A

Gluteus maximus: (extension, external rotation, abduction and adduction of the thigh)
Gluteus medius: (abduction and internal rotation of thigh)
Gluteus minimus: (abduction and internal rotation of thigh)
Tensor fasciae latae: (internal rotation of thigh, external rotation of leg)

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6
Q

Name the gluteal muscles and their actions?

A

Superficial group:
Gluteus maximus: (extension, external rotation, abduction and adduction of the thigh)
Gluteus medius: (abduction and internal rotation of thigh)
Gluteus minimus: (abduction and internal rotation of thigh)
Tensor fasciae latae: (internal rotation of thigh, external rotation of leg)

Deep group:

Piriformis: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Gemellus superior: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Obturator internus: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Gemellus inferior: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Obturator externus: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Quadratus femoris: Lateral rotation.

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7
Q

What are the actions of the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Lateral Rotation except for the quadratus femoris

Abduction

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8
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles and their actions?

A

Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus, Obturator externus: (Abduction and lateral rotation)

Quadratus femoris: Lateral rotation

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9
Q

Name the posterior thigh muscles?

A

Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus.

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10
Q

What are the anterior thigh muscles and their actions?

A

Quadriceps Femoris made up of four muscles:
Rectus Femoris: (Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella. Flexs the hip.)
Vastus Lateralis: (Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella.)
Vastus Intermedius: (Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella.)
Vastus Medialis: (Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella.)

Sartorius: (At the hip joint, it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator. At the knee joint, it is also a flexor.)
Pectineus: (Adduction and flexion at the hip joint.)

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11
Q

Name the medial thigh muscles?

A

Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Pectineus, Gracilis

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12
Q

Name the actions of the superficial gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus: (extension, external rotation, abduction and adduction of the thigh)
Gluteus medius: (abduction and internal rotation of thigh)
Gluteus minimus: (abduction and internal rotation of thigh)
Tensor fasciae latae: (internal rotation of thigh, external rotation of leg)

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13
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Quadriceps Femoris: Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella.
(Rectus Femoris only) Thigh flexion.

Sartorius: At the hip joint, it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator. At the knee joint, it is also a flexor.

Pectineus: (also in the medial compartment) Adduction and flexion at the hip joint.

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14
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor Magnus: They both adduct the thigh. The adductor component also flexes the thigh, with the hamstring portion extending the thigh.
Adductor Longus: Adduction of the thigh.
Adductor Brevis: Adduction of the thigh.
Gracilis: Adduction of the thigh at the hip, and flexion of the leg at the knee.
Pectineus: Adduction and hip flexion

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15
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Biceps Femoris: Main action is flexion at the knee. It also extends the thigh at the hip, and laterally rotates at the hip and knee.
Semimembranosus: Flexion of the leg at the knee joint. Extension of thigh at the hip. Medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint and the leg at the knee joint.
Semitendinosus: Flexion of the leg at the knee joint. Extension of thigh at the hip. Medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint and the leg at the knee joint.

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16
Q

Name the deep gluteal muscles

A

Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris

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17
Q

Name the superficial gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor Fasciae Latae

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18
Q

Name the gluteal muscles

A

Superficial group:
Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae

Deep group:
Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Obturator internus, Gemellus inferior, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris

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19
Q

Name the iliopsoas muscles?

A

Iliacus, Psoas major, and Psoas minor.

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20
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A 
Quadriceps Femoris:
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Medialis 
Vastus Lateralis

Sartorius
Pectineus (also in the medial compartment)

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21
Q

Name the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh and their actions

A

Adductor Magnus: They both adduct the thigh. The adductor component also flexes the thigh, with the hamstring portion extending the thigh.
Adductor Longus: Adduction of the thigh.
Adductor Brevis: Adduction of the thigh.
Gracilis: Adduction of the thigh at the hip, and flexion of the leg at the knee.
Pectineus (also found in the anterior compartment): Adduction and hip flexion

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22
Q

What are the actions of the gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus maximus: (extension, external rotation, abduction and adduction of the thigh)
Gluteus medius: (abduction and internal rotation of thigh)
Gluteus minimus: (abduction and internal rotation of thigh)
Tensor fasciae latae: (internal rotation of thigh, external rotation of leg)

Piriformis: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Gemellus superior: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Obturator internus: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Gemellus inferior: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Obturator externus: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Quadratus femoris: Lateral rotation.

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23
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg (4)

A

Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, Fibularis tertius, Extensor hallucis longus

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24
Q

Name the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg (2)

A

Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis

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25
Q

Name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg (7)

A

Superficial: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris.
Deep: Popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

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26
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg and their actions

A

Tibialis anterior: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
Extensor digitorum longus: Extension of the lateral four toes, and dorsiflexion of the foot.
Fibularis tertius: Eversion and dorsiflexion of the foot.
Extensor hallucis longus: Extension of the big toe and dorsiflexion of the foot.

27
Q

Name the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg and their actions

A

Fibularis longus: Eversion and plantarflexion of the foot. Also supports the lateral and transverse arches of the foot.
Fibularis brevis: Eversion of the foot.

28
Q

Name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and their actions

A

Superficial:
Gastrocnemius: It plantar flexes at the ankle joint, and because it crosses the knee, it is a flexor there.
Soleus: Plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint.
Plantaris: It plantarflexes at the ankle joint, and because it crosses the knee, it is a flexor there. It is not a vital muscle for these movements.
Deep:
Popliteus: Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia – ‘unlocking’ the knee joint so that flexion can occur.
Tibialis posterior: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot, maintains the medial arch of the foot.
Flexor digitorum longus: Flexes the lateral four toes.
Flexor hallucis longus: Flexes the big toe.

29
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg (3)

A

Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris

30
Q

Name the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg (4)

A

Popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

31
Q

Name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and their actions.

A

Superficial:
Gastrocnemius: Plantar flexion of the ankle, knee flexion as it crosses the knee articulation.
Soleus: Plantar flexion of the ankle.
Plantaris: Plantar flexion of the ankle, knee flexion as it crosses the knee articulation. (It’s not vital for these movements)

Deep:
Popliteus: Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia – ‘unlocking’ the knee joint so that flexion can occur.
Tibialis posterior: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot, maintains the medial arch of the foot.
Flexor digitorum longus: Flexes the lateral four toes.
Flexor hallucis longus: Flexes the big toe.

32
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg and their actions

A

Gastrocnemius: Plantar flexion of the ankle, knee flexion as it crosses the knee articulation.
Soleus: Plantar flexion of the ankle.
Plantaris: Plantar flexion of the ankle, knee flexion as it crosses the knee articulation. (It’s not vital for these movements)

33
Q

Name the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg and their actions

A

Popliteus: Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia – ‘unlocking’ the knee joint so that flexion can occur.
Tibialis posterior: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot, maintains the medial arch of the foot.
Flexor digitorum longus: Flexes the lateral four toes.
Flexor hallucis longus: Flexes the big toe.

34
Q

Name the actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Superficial:
Gastrocnemius: Plantar flexion of the ankle, knee flexion as it crosses the knee articulation.
Soleus: Plantar flexion of the ankle.
Plantaris: Plantar flexion of the ankle, knee flexion as it crosses the knee articulation. (It’s not vital for these movements)

Deep:
Popliteus: Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia – ‘unlocking’ the knee joint so that flexion can occur.
Tibialis posterior: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot, maintains the medial arch of the foot.
Flexor digitorum longus: Flexes the lateral four toes.
Flexor hallucis longus: Flexes the big toe.

35
Q

Name the actions of the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Gastrocnemius: Plantar flexion of the ankle, knee flexion as it crosses the knee articulation.
Soleus: Plantar flexion of the ankle.
Plantaris: Plantar flexion of the ankle, knee flexion as it crosses the knee articulation. (It’s not vital for these movements)

36
Q

Name the actions of the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Popliteus: Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia – ‘unlocking’ the knee joint so that flexion can occur.
Tibialis posterior: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot, maintains the medial arch of the foot.
Flexor digitorum longus: Flexes the lateral four toes.
Flexor hallucis longus: Flexes the big toe.

37
Q

Name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm (12)

A

Superficial:
Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, Anconeus

Deep:
Supinator, Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, Extensor indicis proprius

38
Q

Name the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm (7)

A

Brachioradialis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor digiti minimi, Anconeus

39
Q

Name the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm (5)

A

Supinator, Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, Extensor indicis proprius

40
Q

Name the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm and their actions

A

Brachioradialis: Flexes at the elbow.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Extends and abducts the wrist.
Extensor carpi radialis longus: Extends and abducts the wrist.
Extensor digitorum: Extends medial four fingers at the MCP and IP joints.
Extensor digiti minimi: Extends the little finger, and contributes to extension at the wrist.
Extensor carpi ulnaris: Extension and adduction of wrist.
Anconeus: Extends and stablises the elbow joint. Abducts the ulna during pronation of the forearm.

41
Q

Name the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm and their actions

A

Supinator: Supinates the forearm.
Abductor pollicis longus: Abducts the thumb.
Extensor pollicis brevis: Extends at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb.
Extensor pollicis longus: Extends all joints of the thumb: carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal.
Extensor indicis proprius: Extends the index finger.

42
Q

Name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm and their actions

A

Brachioradialis: Flexes at the elbow.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Extends and abducts the wrist.
Extensor carpi radialis longus: Extends and abducts the wrist.
Extensor digitorum: Extends medial four fingers at the MCP and IP joints.
Extensor digiti minimi: Extends the little finger, and contributes to extension at the wrist.
Extensor carpi ulnaris: Extension and adduction of wrist.
Anconeus: Extends and stablises the elbow joint. Abducts the ulna during pronation of the forearm.

Deep:

Supinator: Supinates the forearm.
Abductor pollicis longus: Abducts the thumb.
Extensor pollicis brevis: Extends at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb.
Extensor pollicis longus: Extends all joints of the thumb: carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal.
Extensor indicis proprius: Extends the index finger.

43
Q

Name the actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Brachioradialis: Flexes at the elbow.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Extends and abducts the wrist.
Extensor carpi radialis longus: Extends and abducts the wrist.
Extensor digitorum: Extends medial four fingers at the MCP and IP joints.
Extensor digiti minimi: Extends the little finger, and contributes to extension at the wrist.
Extensor carpi ulnaris: Extension and adduction of wrist.
Anconeus: Extends and stablises the elbow joint. Abducts the ulna during pronation of the forearm.

Deep:

Supinator: Supinates the forearm.
Abductor pollicis longus: Abducts the thumb.
Extensor pollicis brevis: Extends at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb.
Extensor pollicis longus: Extends all joints of the thumb: carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal.
Extensor indicis proprius: Extends the index finger.

44
Q

Name the actions of the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Brachioradialis: Flexes at the elbow.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Extends and abducts the wrist.
Extensor carpi radialis longus: Extends and abducts the wrist.
Extensor digitorum: Extends medial four fingers at the MCP and IP joints.
Extensor digiti minimi: Extends the little finger, and contributes to extension at the wrist.
Extensor carpi ulnaris: Extension and adduction of wrist.
Anconeus: Extends and stablises the elbow joint. Abducts the ulna during pronation of the forearm.

45
Q

Name the actions of the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Supinator: Supinates the forearm.
Abductor pollicis longus: Abducts the thumb.
Extensor pollicis brevis: Extends at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb.
Extensor pollicis longus: Extends all joints of the thumb: carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal.
Extensor indicis proprius: Extends the index finger.

46
Q

Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm (8)

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris, Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Pronator teres.

Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus, Pronator quadratus.

47
Q

Name the superficial and intermediate muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm (5)

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris, Flexor carpi radialis, Pronator teres, Palmaris longus.

48
Q

Name the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm (3)

A

Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus, Pronator quadratus.

49
Q

Name the muscles and actions of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Superficial:
Flexor carpi ulnaris: Flexion and adduction at the wrist.
Palmaris longus: Flexion at the wrist.
Flexor carpi radialis: Flexion and abduction at the wrist.
Pronator teres: Pronation of the forearm.
Flexor digitorum superficialis: Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers, and flexes at the wrist.

Deep:
Flexor digitorum profundus: It is the only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. It also flexes at metacarpophalangeal joints and at the wrist.
Flexor pollicis longus: Flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.
Pronator quadratus: Pronates the forearm.

50
Q

Name the superficial and intermediate muscles and their actions of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris: Flexion and adduction at the wrist.
Palmaris longus: Flexion at the wrist.
Flexor carpi radialis: Flexion and abduction at the wrist.
Pronator teres: Pronation of the forearm.
Flexor digitorum superficialis: Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers, and flexes at the wrist.

51
Q

Name the deep muscles and their actions of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus: It is the only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. It also flexes at metacarpophalangeal joints and at the wrist.
Flexor pollicis longus: Flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.
Pronator quadratus: Pronates the forearm.

52
Q

Name the actions of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Superficial:
Flexor carpi ulnaris: Flexion and adduction at the wrist.
Palmaris longus: Flexion at the wrist.
Flexor carpi radialis: Flexion and abduction at the wrist.
Pronator teres: Pronation of the forearm.
Flexor digitorum superficialis: Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers, and flexes at the wrist.

Deep:
Flexor digitorum profundus: It is the only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. It also flexes at metacarpophalangeal joints and at the wrist.
Flexor pollicis longus: Flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.
Pronator quadratus: Pronates the forearm.

53
Q

Name the actions of the superficial and intermediate muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris: Flexion and adduction at the wrist.
Palmaris longus: Flexion at the wrist.
Flexor carpi radialis: Flexion and abduction at the wrist.
Pronator teres: Pronation of the forearm.
Flexor digitorum superficialis: Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers, and flexes at the wrist.

54
Q

Name the actions of the deep muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus: It is the only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. It also flexes at metacarpophalangeal joints and at the wrist.
Flexor pollicis longus: Flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.
Pronator quadratus: Pronates the forearm.

55
Q

Name the muscles of the upper arm and shoulder (6)

A

Biceps brachii, Coracobrachialis, Brachialis, Triceps brachii, Deltoid, Teres major

56
Q

Name the muscles of the upper arm / shoulder and their actions

A

Biceps brachii: Supination of the forearm. It also flexes the arm at the elbow and at the shoulder.
Coracobrachialis: Flexion of the arm at the shoulder, and weak adduction.
Brachialis: Flexion at the elbow.
Triceps brachii: Extension of the arm at the elbow.
Deltoid:
Anterior fibres – flexion and medial rotation.
Posterior fibres – extension and lateral rotation.
Middle fibres – the major abductor of the arm (takes over from the supraspinatus, which abducts the first 15 degrees).
Teres major: Adducts and extends at the shoulder, and medially rotates the arm.

57
Q

Name the actions of the muscles of the upper arm and shoulder

A

Biceps brachii: Supination of the forearm. It also flexes the arm at the elbow and at the shoulder.
Coracobrachialis: Flexion of the arm at the shoulder, and weak adduction.
Brachialis: Flexion at the elbow.
Triceps brachii: Extension of the arm at the elbow.
Deltoid:
Anterior fibres – flexion and medial rotation.
Posterior fibres – extension and lateral rotation.
Middle fibres – the major abductor of the arm (takes over from the supraspinatus, which abducts the first 15 degrees).
Teres major: Adducts and extends at the shoulder, and medially rotates the arm.

58
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles (4)

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor

59
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles and their actions

A

Supraspinatus: Abducts the arm 0-15o, and assists deltoid for 15-90o
Infraspinatus: Laterally rotates the arm.
Subscapularis: Medially rotates the arm.
Teres minor: Laterally rotates the arm.

60
Q

Name the actions of the rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus: Abducts the arm 0-15o, and assists deltoid for 15-90o
Infraspinatus: Laterally rotates the arm.
Subscapularis: Medially rotates the arm.
Teres minor: Laterally rotates the arm.

61
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the back (5)

A

Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, Levator scapulae, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor

62
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the back and their actions

A

Trapezius: The upper fibres of the trapezius elevates the scapula and rotates it during abduction of the arm. The middle fibres retract the scapula and the lower fibres pull the scapula inferiorly.
Latissimus dorsi: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the upper limb.
Levator scapulae: Elevates the scapula.
Rhomboid major: Retracts and rotates the scapula.
Rhomboid minor: Retracts and rotates the scapula.

63
Q

Name the actions of the superficial back muscles

A

Trapezius: The upper fibres of the trapezius elevates the scapula and rotates it during abduction of the arm. The middle fibres retract the scapula and the lower fibres pull the scapula inferiorly.
Latissimus dorsi: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the upper limb.
Levator scapulae: Elevates the scapula.
Rhomboid major: Retracts and rotates the scapula.
Rhomboid minor: Retracts and rotates the scapula.

Anatomy (4 decks)

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