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Muscles - Actions Flashcards

1
Q

buccinator

A

draws corner of mouth laterally; compresses cheek (as in whistling); holds food between teeth during chewing

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2
Q

epicranius (frontal belly)

A

with aponeurosis fixed, raises eyebrows

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3
Q

epicranius (occipital belly)

A

fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

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4
Q

orbicularis oris

A

closes lips; purses and protrudes lips (kissing and whistling muscle)

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5
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

closes eye, produces blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly

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6
Q

platysma

A

tenses skin of neck; depresses mandible; pulls lower lip back and down

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7
Q

epicranial aponeurosis (a tendinous sheet, not a muscle)

A

broad, tendon-like sheet beneath the scalp - lifts the eyebrow and the upper eyelid, thus producing horizontal wrinkles of the forehead

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8
Q

zygomaticus major & minor

A

raises lateral corners of mouth upward (smiling muscle)

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9
Q

masseter

A

prime mover of jaw closure, elevates mandible

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10
Q

temporalis

A

closes jaw; elevates and retracts mandible

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11
Q

digastric (with anterior & posterior bellies)

A

acting together, elevate hyoid bone; open mouth and depress mandible

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12
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

simultaneous contraction of both muscles of pair causes flexion of neck, acting independently, rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side

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13
Q

deltoid

A

acting as a whole, prime mover of arm abduction; when only specific fibers are active, can act as a synergist in flexion, extension, and rotation of arm

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14
Q

pectoralis major

A

prime mover of arm flexion; adducts, medially rotates arm; with arm fixed, pulls chest upward (thus also acts in forced inspiration)

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15
Q

pectoralis minor

A

with ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and inferiorly; with scapula fixed, draws rib cage superiorly

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16
Q

serratus anterior

A

prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest wall; rotates scapula, causing inferior angle to move laterally and upward; essential to raising arm; fixes scapula for arm abduction

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17
Q

external intercostals

A

pulls ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage; aid in inspiration

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18
Q

internal intercostals

A

draws ribs together to depress rib cage; aid in forced expiration; antagonistic to external intercostals

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19
Q

diaphragm

A

prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction, increasing vertical dimensions of thorax; increases intra-abdominal pressure

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20
Q

rectus abdominis

A

flexes the vertebral column; increases abdominal pressure; fixes and depresses ribs; stabilizes pelvis during walking; used in sit-ups and curls

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21
Q

transversus abdominis

A

compresses abdominal contents

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22
Q

external oblique

A

as for internal oblique: above rectus abdominis; compresses abdominal wall; also aids muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion; used in oblique curls

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23
Q

internal oblique

A

as for external oblique: above rectus abdominis; compresses abdominal wall; also aids muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion; used in oblique curls

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24
Q

linea alba (a tendinous sheath, not a muscle)

A

a tendon-like band that runs along the midline - brings the two sides of the rectus abdominis together and helps hold and control the abdominal wall

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25
Q

erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

A

extend from the pelvis to the head - laterally flex the vertebral column and posture muscles; extends and rotates the neck

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26
Q

trapezius

A

extends head; raises, rotates, and retracts (adducts) scapula and stabilizes it; superior fibers elevate scapula (as in shrugging the shoulders); inferior fibers depress scapula

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27
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

prime mover of arm extension; adducts and medially rotates arm; brings arm down in power stroke, as in striking a blow

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28
Q

teres minor

A

same as for infraspinatus: lateral rotation arm; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity; stabilizes shoulder

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29
Q

teres major

A

extends, medially rotates, and adducts arm; synergist of latissimus dorsi

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30
Q

supraspinatus

A

initiates abduction of arm; stabilizes shoulder joint

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31
Q

infraspinatus

A

same as for teres minor: lateral rotation arm; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity; stabilizes shoulder

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32
Q

subscapularis

A

rotates humerus medially

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33
Q

rhomboid minor & major

A

pull scapulae medially (retraction); stabilize scapulae; rotate glenoid cavity downward

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34
Q

levator scapulae

A

elevates and adducts scapula; with fixed scapula, laterally flexes neck to the same side

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35
Q

coracobrachialis

A

flexes and rotates humerus medially

36
Q

biceps brachii (with long & short heads)

A

flexion (powerful) and supination of forearm; “it turns the corkscrew and pulls the cord”; weak arm flexor

37
Q

brachialis

A

flexor of forearm

38
Q

brachioradialis

A

synergist in forearm flexion

39
Q

triceps brachii (with lateral, medial, & long heads)

A

powerful forearm extensor; antagonist of forearm flexors (brachialis and biceps brachii)

40
Q

supinator

A

synergist of biceps brachii to supinate forearm; antagonist of pronator muscles

41
Q

pronator teres

A

acts synergistically with pronator quadratus to pronate forearm; weak forearm flexor

42
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

powerful flexor and abductor of the hand

43
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes and adducts hand

44
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes hand and middle phalanges of fingers II-V

45
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

sole muscle that flexes distal phalanges; assists in hand flexion

46
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes thumb

47
Q

palmaris longus

A

flexes the hand (weak); tenses skin and fascia of palm

48
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

connective tissue collar that helps secure and hold in place the tendons of the flexor muscles; covers the carpal tunnel

49
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

extends and abducts hand

50
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

extends and abducts hand; steadies wrist during finger flexion

51
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends and adducts hand

52
Q

extensor digitorum

A

prime mover of finger extension; extends hand; can flare (abduct) fingers

53
Q

extensor pollicis longus & brevis

A

extend thumb

54
Q

extensor retinaculum

A

connective tissue collar that helps hold tendons of extensor muscles in place

55
Q

iliopsoas (consists of the iliacus & psoas major)

A

flex trunk at hip joint, flex thigh; lateral flexion of vertebral column (psoas)

56
Q

pectineus

A

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh

57
Q

sartorius

A

flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes leg; known as “tailor’s muscle” because it helps effect cross-legged position in which tailors are often depicted

58
Q

gracilis

A

adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg, especially during walking

59
Q

gluteus maximus

A

complex, powerful thigh extensor (most effective when thigh is flexed, as in climbing stairs - but not as in walking); antagonist of iliopsoas; laterally rotates and abducts thigh

60
Q

gluteus medius

A

abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis during walking

61
Q

gluteus minimus

A

abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis

62
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh; steadies trunk

63
Q

adductor magnus, longus, & brevis

A

adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh; posterior part of magnus is also a synergist in thigh extension

64
Q

iliotibial tract

A

a tendon-like band from the iliac crest - encloses the thigh muscles

65
Q

quadriceps group: rectus femoris

A

extends leg and flexes thigh

66
Q

quadriceps group: vastus lateralis

A

extends leg and stabilizes knee

67
Q

quadriceps group: vastus medialis

A

extends leg; stabilizes patella

68
Q

quadriceps group: vastus intermedius

A

extends leg

69
Q

hamstring group: biceps femoris (with long & short heads)

A

extends thigh; laterally rotates leg; flexes leg

70
Q

hamstring group: semitendinosus

A

extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg

71
Q

hamstring group: semimembranosus

A

extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg

72
Q

triceps surae

A

plantar flex foot

73
Q

triceps surae group: gastrocnemius

A

plantar flexes foot when leg is extended; crosses knee joint; thus can flex leg (when foot is dorsiflexed)

74
Q

triceps surae group: soleus

A

plantar flexion; an important muscle for locomotion

75
Q

calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

A

attaches to calcaneus

76
Q

tibialis anterior

A

prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; supports longitudinal arch of foot

77
Q

tibialis posterior

A

prime mover of foot inversion; plantar flexes foot; stabilizes longitudinal arch of foot

78
Q

fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

plantar flexes and everts foot

79
Q

fibularis (peroneus) brevis

A

plantar flexes and everts foot

80
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; supports longitudinal arch of foot

81
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

flexes toes; plantar flexes and inverts foot

82
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

flexes great toe; plantar flexes and inverts foot; the “push-off muscle” during walking

83
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot

84
Q

flexor retinacula

A

stabilizes carpal system

85
Q

extensor retinacula

A

keeps the extensor tendons in alignment

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