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CHAPTER 6: MUSCLES > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Perimysium

A

connective tissue covering of a muscle fascicle

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2
Q

Epimysium

A

connective tissue covering of a muscle; connective tissue surrounding a muscle

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3
Q

Endomysium

A

connective tissue around an individual muscle fiber

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4
Q

Sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane of a muscle cell

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5
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

in the cytoplasm of a muscle cell

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6
Q

What is actin?

A

myofilament

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7
Q

Myofilaments

A

contractile protein within a muscle cell; actin and myosin

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8
Q

Actin

A

thin filaments

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9
Q

Myosin

A

thick filaments

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10
Q

Muscle fiber

A

muscle cell

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11
Q

Myofibril

A

longitudinal bundle of myofilaments within a muscle cell

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12
Q

Myocardium

A

muscular layer of the heart; composed of cardiac muscle

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13
Q

which of the following is composed of smooth muscle?

a. upper esophagus
b. heart
c. tongue
d. biceps muscle
e. walls of the visceral organs

A

e. walls of the visceral organs

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14
Q

striated muscle

A

sub-categorized into cardiac and skeletal muscle

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15
Q

striated skeletal

A

composed of large, elongated, multi-nucleated fibers; voluntary, no intercalated disks

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16
Q

started cardiac

A

involuntary; branching fibers, central nuclei, intercalated disks; myogenic; smaller tubule system

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17
Q

smooth muscle

A

non-striated; involuntary and found in viscera and blood vessels
partial contraction to maintain tone

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18
Q

motor endplate

A

the point of contact where a neuron contacts a muscle

19
Q

white muscle fiber type

A

large diameter; fibers make up a fast-twitch muscle for burst of power; store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism; in skeletal muscle

20
Q

red muscle fiber type

A

smaller in diameter; more mitochondria; fibers make up slow-twitch for endurance; more myoglobin; in skeletal muscle

21
Q

sarcomere

A

functional unit of contraction

22
Q

What is the line that bisects the dark band in muscle?

A

H-band

23
Q

A band

A

darker staining band; myosin filaments

24
Q

I band

A

light band; made of thin filaments

25
Q

Z line

A

runs through the I band; sarcomere runs from line to line

26
Q

M line

A

runs through the H band

27
Q

H band

A

bisects the A band (dark staining band); space between the actin filaments

28
Q

which of the following is composed of skeletal muscles?

a. tongue
b. blood vessel
c. walls of visceral organs
d. lower esophagus
e. heart

A

a. tongue

29
Q

what type of muscle is composed of spindle shaped cells?

a. skeletal muscle
b. cardiac muscle
c. smooth muscle
d. both a and b

A

c. smooth muscle

30
Q

what type of muscle is always multinucleated?

a. skeletal muscle
b. cardiac muscle
c. smooth muscle
d. both a and b
e. all of the above

A

a. skeletal muscle

31
Q

what is the line that bisects the light band in muscle

A

Z line

32
Q

what type of muscle is specialized for contraction

A

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle

33
Q

what type of muscle contains centrally placed nuclei

A

smooth muscle

cardiac muscle

34
Q

which of the following contains a substantial amount of smooth muscle?

a. upper esophagus
b. blood vessels
c. heart
d. biceps muscle
e. tongue

A

b. blood vessels

35
Q

what type of muscle contain sarcomeres?

A

skeletal muscle

cardiac muscle

36
Q

intercalated disks in cardiac muscle

A

components: Fascia adherents and desmosomes; adhesive

Gap junctions: electrical continuity

37
Q

smooth muscle

A

synthesize matrix
- elastic, collagen, proteoglycans
long tapered, with central nucleus and no striations

38
Q

Smaller T tubule system

A

Lie at Z line, not A-I junction; extracellular calcium is more important

39
Q

Growth and Regeneration: Skeletal Muscle

A
  • fibers cannot divide, but can be replaced from satellite (stem) cells
  • cannot compensate for major trauma
  • leads to addition of fibrous scar tissue
  • increased use leads to enlargement (hypertrophy)
40
Q

Growth and Regeneration: Cardiac Muscle

A
  • fibers cannot divide, there are NO satellite cells

- damage leads to fibrous scar

41
Q

Growth and Regeneration: Smooth Muscle

A
  • can increase in number (hyperplasia) and size (hypertrophy)
  • pericytes can give rise to new muscle cells
42
Q

Smooth muscle contraction: Filaments

A
  • thick, thin, intermediate
  • thin filaments use calmodulin
  • intermediate are design
43
Q

Smooth muscle contraction: Dense bodies instead of Z lines

A
  • connect thin and thick myofilaments

- translate movement of thin filaments on thick filaments

CHAPTER 6: MUSCLES (1 decks)

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