Muscles

Question 1

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 1

O: SPs of T6-12, Thoracolumbar fascia, Iliac Crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs
I: Floor of Intertubercular (or Bicipital) Groove (sulcus) of the Humerus
A: Extension, ADD, MR of humerus. Downward rotation of the Scapula. Raises body towards arms when climbing
N: Thoracodorsal n. (C6, C7, C8)
B: Thoracodorsal a.

Question 2

Levator Scapulae

Answer 2

O: Posterior tubercles of TPs C1-4
I: Medial border of scapula, superior to root of scapular spine A: Elevation and downward rotation of scapula; bilaterally, extension of neck N: Dorsal scapular n. (C5) B: Dorsal scapula a.

Question 3

Rhomboid Major

Answer 3

O: SPs T2-5
I: Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
A: Retraction and downward rotation of scapula; fix scapula to thoracic wall
N: Dorsal scapular n. (C4, C5)
B: Dorsal scapular a.

Question 4

Rhomboid Minor

Answer 4

O: Nuchal l. and SPs of C7 and T1
I: Smooth triangular area at base of scapular spine
A: Retraction and downward rotation of scapula; fix scapula to thoracic wall
N: Dorsal scapular n. (C4, C5)
B: Dorsal scapular a.

Question 5

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 5

O: Nuchal l., SPs C7-T3
I: Superior borders of 2nd to 4th ribs
A: Proprioception (elevation of ribs); considered accessory m. of respiration
N: Ventral Rami 2nd-5th Thoracic Spinal nn.

Question 6

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 6

O: SPs T11-L2
I: Inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs near their angles
A: Proprioception (depress ribs); considered accessory m. of respiration
N: Ventral Rami T9-T12 Thoracic Spinal nn.

Question 7

Splenius Cervicis

Answer 7

O: SPs of T3-T6
I: Tubercles of TPs C1-C3 A: Ipsilateral: rotation and lateral flexion; Bilateral: extension of neck
N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 8

Splenius Capitis

Answer 8

O: Nuchal l. and SPs of C7-T3
I: Mastoid process and lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
A: Ipsilateral: rotation and lateral flexion; Bilateral: extension of head
N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 9

Iliocostalis Forms the lateral column

Answer 9

O: Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar SPs and sacrospinous & supraspinous l.

A: Bilateral - extension of vertebral column; Unilateral – lateral flexion of vertebral column
N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.
I: Lumborum – Angles of lower ribs Thoracis – Angles of upper ribs Cervicis – Cervical TPs

Question 10

Longissimus Forms intermediate column

Answer 10

O: Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar SPs and sacrospinous & supraspinous l.
A: Bilateral - extension of vertebral column; Unilateral – lateral flexion of vertebral column
N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn

I: Thoracis – Ribs (between tubercles and angles) and TPs in thoracic region Cervicis – Cervical TPs Capitis – Mastoid process

Question 11

Spinalis Forms medial column

Answer 11

O: Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar SPs and sacrospinous & supraspinous l.
A: Bilateral - extension of vertebral column; Unilateral – lateral flexion of vertebral column
N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn

I: Thoracis – SPs in thoracic region Cervicis – SPs in cervical region (often absent) Capitis – Cranium
- Can fuse with Semispinalis Capitis to form
the Biventer Capitis m.

Question 12

Semispinalis Superficial layer of the group

Answer 12

O: TPs of C4-T12 vertebrae
I: Thoracis – SPs 4-6 vertebral segments superior Cervicis – SPs 4-6 vertebral segments superior Capitis – Occipital bone
A: Bilateral extension of all regions; contralateral rotation of all regions
N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 13

Multifidus Middle layer of the group Best developed in lumbar region

Answer 13

O: Sacrum, Ilium, Sacroiliac ll., TPs of T1-12 and articular processes of C4-7
I: SPs 2-4 segments superior
A: Stabilize vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column
N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 14

Rotatores Deepest of the three layers Best developed in thoracic region

Answer 14

O: TPs of vertebrae
I: Longus - SP 2 segments superior; Brevis –SP 1 segment superior
A: Stabilize vertebrae and assist with extension and rotatory movements; proprioception
N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 15

Interspinalis

Answer 15

Connect SPs cervical spine best chance to see it
O: Superior surfaces of SPs of cervical
and lumbar vertebrae
I: Inferior surfaces of SPs of vertebrae superior
A: Aid in extension and rotation of vertebral column
N: Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 16

Intertransversarii

Answer 16

Connect TPs
O: TPs of cervical and lumbar vertebrae
 I: TPs of adjacent vertebrae 
A: Aid in lateral flexion of vertebral column; bilaterally - stabilize vertebral column 
N: Dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nn.

Question 17

Levatores Costarum

Answer 17

O: Brevis and longus – TPs of C7-T11
I: Rib between tubercle and angle
A: Elevates ribs in inspiration, assist with lateral flexion of vertebral column
N: Dorsal rami of C8-T11

Question 18

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Answer 18

Located lateral to rectus capitis posterior minor m.
O: SP of C2
I: Lateral part inferior nuchal line
A: Extension of head; rotation to same side
N: Suboccipital n.
B: Vertebral and occipital aa.

Question 19

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Answer 19

Located medial to rectus capitis posterior major
O: Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1
I: Medial part inferior nuchal line
A: Extension of head; rotation to same side
N: Suboccipital n.
B: Vertebral and occipital aa.

Question 20

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

Answer 20

Only “capitis” muscle to have no attachment to cranium Greater occipital n. emerges inferior to this muscle

O: SP of C2
 I: TPs of C1 
A: Rotation of atlas and face to same side 
N: Suboccipital n. 
B: Vertebral and occipital aa.

Question 21

Obliquus Capitis Superior

Answer 21

O: TPs of C1
I: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
A: Extension of head and lateral flexion of head and neck
N: Suboccipital n.
B: Vertebral and occipital aa.