Muscles Flashcards
Pectoralis major
Origins:
Clavicular head- anterior surface of the medial clavicle
Sternocostal head- anterior surface of the sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
Attachments:
Distal attachment of both heads is into the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Innervation:
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Function:
Adducts upper limb
Medially rotates upper limb
Clavicular head acts individually to flex the upper limb
Pectoralis minor
Origin:
3rd-5th ribs
Insertion:
Coracoid process of scapula
Function:
Stabilises scapula by drawing it anteroinferiorly against the thoracic wall
Innervation:
Medial pectoral nerve
Serratus anterior
Origin:
Lateral aspects of ribs 1-8
Attachment:
Costal surface of the medial border of the scapula
Function:
Rotates the scapula
Abduction above 90 degrees
Holds scapula against the rib cage
Innervation:
Long thoracic nerve
Subclavius
Origin:
Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Insertion:
Inferior surface of the middle third of the clavicle
Function:
Anchors and depresses clavicle
Provides some protection of neurovascular structures beneath it
Innervation:
Nerve to subclavius
What are the muscles of the pectoral region?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius
Deltoid
Origin:
Scapula
Clavicle
Attachment:
Deltoid tuberosity on lateral surface of humerus
Innervation:
Axillary nerve
Actions:
Anterior fibres flex the arm at the shoulder
Posterior fibres extend the arm at the shoulder
Middle fibres are the major abductor of the arm, 15-90 degrees
Teres major
Origin:
Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Attachment:
Intertubercular groove of humerus
Innervation:
Lower subscapular nerve
Actions:
Adducts at the shoulder
Medially rotates shoulder
Supraspinatus
Origin:
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Attachment:
Greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation:
Suprascapular nerve
Actions:
Abducts the arm 0-15 degrees
Assists deltoid for 15-90 degrees
Infraspinatus
Origin:
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Attachment:
Greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation:
Suprascapular nerve
Actions:
Laterally rotates arm
Subscapularis
Origin:
Subscapular fossa on costal surface of scapula
Attachment:
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Innervation:
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
Actions:
Medially rotates arm
Teres minor
Origin:
Posterior surface of scapula adjacent to its lateral border
Attachment:
Greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation:
Axillary nerve
Actions:
Laterally rotates the arm
What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?
Deltoid Teres major Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres minor
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
Trapezius
Origins:
Skull, nuchal ligament (ligament on neck) and spinous processes of C7-C112
Attachments:
Clavicle
Acromion
Scapula spine
Innervation:
Motor innervation- accessory nerve
Sensory innervation- C3 and C4 spinal nerves
Actions:
Upper fibres elevate the scapula and rotate it during abduction of the arm
Middle fibres retract the scapula
Lower fibres pull the scapula inferiorly
Latissimus Dorsi
Origins: Spinous processes of T6-T12 Iliac crest Thoracolumbar fascia Inferior three ribs
Attachment:
Fibres converge into a tendon that attaches to the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Innervation:
Thoracodorsal nerve
Actions:
Extension of upper limb
Adduction of upper limb
Medial rotation of upper limb
What are the superficial extrinsic muscles of the shoulder region?
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Origin:
Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
Attachment:
Medial border of the scapula
Innervation:
Dorsal scapular nerve
Actions:
Elevates the scapula
Rhomboid major
Origin:
Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
Attachment:
Medial border of scapula between scapula spine and inferior angle
Innervation:
Dorsal scapula nerve
Actions:
Retracts and rotates the scapula
Rhomboid minor
Origin:
Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
Attachment:
Medial border of the scapula at the level of the spine of scapula
Innervation:
Dorsal scapula nerve
Actions:
Retracts and rotates the scapula
What are the deep extrinsic muscles of the shoulder region?
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Biceps brachii
Origin:
Long head originates from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head originates from coracoid process of scapula
Insertions:
Both heads insert dismally into the radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis
Innervation:
Musculocutaneous nerve
Coracobrachialis
Origin:
Coracoid process of the scapula
Attachment:
Medial side of the humeral shaft at the level of the deltoid tuberosity
Function:
Flexion of the arm at the shoulder, weak adduction
Innervation:
Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis
Origin:
Medial and lateral surfaces of the humeral shaft
Insertion:
Ulna tuberosity distal to the elbow joint
Function:
Flexion at the elbow
Innervation:
Musculocutaneous nerve with contributions from the radial nerve
Triceps brachii
Origin:
Long head originates from the infra glenoid tubercle
Lateral head originates from the humerus superior to the radial groove
Medial head originates from the humerus inferior to the radial groove
Attachment:
Heads converge onto one tendon and insert at the olecranon of the ulna
Function:
Extension of the arm at the elbow
Innervation:
Radial nerve
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
What is the muscle in the posterior compartment of the upper arm?
Triceps brachii
Pronator teres
Origins:
Medial epicondyle
Coronoid process of ulna
Attachment:
Mid-shaft of radius
Action:
Pronation of the forearm
Innervation:
Median nerve
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin:
Medial epicondyle
Attachment:
Base of metacarpals II and III
Actions:
Flexion
Abduction at the wrist
Innervation:
Median nerve
Palmaris longus
Origin:
Medial epicondyle
Attachment:
Flexor retinaculum of the wrist
Actions:
Flexion at the wrist
Innervation:
Median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin:
Medial epicondyle
Ulna
Attachment:
Pisiform carpal bone
Actions:
Flexion
Adduction at the wrist
Innervation:
Ulnar nerve
What are the superficial muscles of the forearm, lateral to medial?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origins:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Radius
Attachments:
Muscle splits into four tendons at the wrist which travel through the carpal tunnel and attach to the middle phalanges of the four fingers
Actions:
Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the four fingers
Flexes the wrist
Innervation:
Median nerve
What is the intermediate muscle in the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin:
Ulna
Interosseous membrane
Attachments:
Splits into four tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel and attach to distal phalanges of the four fingers
Actions:
Only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints
Flexes wrist
Innervation: Medial half (acts on little and ring fingers) - ulnar nerve Lateral half (acts on middle and index fingers) - median nerve
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin:
Anterior surface of the radius
Surrounding interosseous membrane
Attachment:
Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Actions:
Flexes at the interphalangeal joint
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
Innervation:
Median nerve
Pronator quadratus
Origin:
Anterior surface of ulna
Attachment:
Anterior surface of radius
Actions:
Pronator forearm
Innervation:
Median nerve
What are the deep muscles of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Brachioradialis
Origin:
Proximal aspect of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Attachment:
Distal end of the radius just before the radial styloid process
Actions:
Flexes at the elbow
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis
Origin:
Supracondylar ridge
Attachment:
Metacarpal bones I and III
Actions:
Abducts the wrist
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle
Attachments:
Metacarpal bones I and III
Actions:
Extends wrist
Abducts wrist
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Extensor digitorum
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle
Attachment:
Tendon splits into four and inserts into the extensor hood of each finger
Actions:
Extends medial three fingers at the metcarpophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle
Attachment:
With the extensor digitorum tendon, attaches into the extensor hood of the little finger
Actions:
Extends the little finger
Contributes to extension at the wrist
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Attachment:
Base of metacarpal V
Actions:
Extension of wrist
Adduction of wrist
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Anconeus
Origin:
Lateral epicondyle
Attachment:
Posterior and lateral part of the olecranon
Actions:
Extends elbow joint
Stabilises elbow joint
Abducts ulna during pronation of the forearm
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Supinator
Origins:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Posterior surface of ulna
Insertion:
Posterior surface of radius
Actions:
Supinate forearm
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Abductor pollicis longus
Origin:
Interosseous membrane and adjacent posterior surfaces of radius and ulna
Attachments:
Lateral side of base of metacarpal I
Actions:
Abducts the thumb
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin:
Posterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane
Insertions:
Proximal phalanx of the thumb
Actions:
Extends at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Extensor pollicis longus
Origin:
Posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertions:
Distal phalanx of the thumb
Actions:
Extends all joints of the thumb, carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal
Innervation:
Radial nerve
Extensor indicis proprius
Origin:
Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane, distal to the extensor policies longus
Insertion:
Extensor hood of the index finger
Actions:
Extends the index finger
Innervation:
Radial nerve
What are the muscles in the superficial compartment of the posterior forearm?
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Anconeus
What are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis proprius
What muscles make up the thenar eminence?
Opponens Pollicis
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens Brevis
Origin:
Tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
Lateral margin of the metacarpal of the thumb
Actions:
Opposes the thumb by medially rotating and flexing the metacarpal on the trapezium
Innervation:
Median nerve
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Origin:
Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of the thumb
Actions:
Abducts the thumb
Innervation:
Median nerve
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Origin:
Tubercle of the trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of the thumb
Action:
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
Innervation:
Median nerve
What muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Origin:
Hook of hamate and associated flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
Medial margin of metacarpal
Actions:
Rotates the metacarpal of the little finger towards the palm producing opposition
Innervation:
Ulnar nerve
Abductor digiti minimi
Origin:
Pisiform
Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
Insertion:
Base of proximal phalanx of little finger
Actions:
Abducts little finger
Innervation:
Ulnar nerve
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Origin:
Hook of hamate and adjacent flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
Base of proximal phalanx of little finger
Actions:
Flexes the metacarpalophalangeal joint of the little finger
Innervation:
Ulnar nerve
Lumbricals
Origin:
Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundity
Insertion:
Pass dorsally and laterally around each finger and insert into the extensor hood
Actions:
Flex at the metacarpalphalangeal joint
Extend at the interphalangeal joints of each finger
Innervation:
Medial two lumbricals = ulnar nerve
Lateral two fingers = median nerve
Dorsal interossei
Origin:
Lateral and medial surfaces of the metacarpals
Insertion:
Extensor hood and proximal phalanx of each finger
Action:
Abducts the fingers at the MCP joint
Innervation:
Ulnar nerve
Palmar interossei
Origin:
Medial or lateral surface of a metacarpal
Insertion:
Extensor hood and proximal phalanx of same finger
Actions:
Adducts the fingers at the MCP joint
Innervation:
Ulnar nerve
Palmaris brevis
Origin:
Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Attachment:
Dermis of skin on medial margin of hand
Actions:
Wrinkles skin of hypothecate eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand improving grip
Innervation:
Ulnar nerve
Adductor pollicis
Origin:
Metacarpal II
Capitate and adjacent areas of metacarpals II and III
Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of the thumb
Actions:
Adduction of the thumb
Innervation:
Ulnar nerve
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
Thenar muscles Hypothenar muscles Lumbricals Interossei Palmaris brevis Adductor pollicis
Gluteus Maximus
Origin:
Gluteal posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx
Insertion:
Slopes across the buttock at a 45degree angle and then inserts into the illiotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur
Actions:
Main extensor of the thigh
Assists with lateral rotation
Innervation:
Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
Origin:
Gluteal surface on posterior ilium
Insertion:
Lateral surface of the greater trochanter
Actions:
Abducts lower limb
Medially rotates lower limb
During locomotion, secures pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb
Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus
Origin:
Posterior ilium
Insertion:
Anterior side of the greater trochanter
Actions:
Abduction of lower limb
Medially rotates lower limb
During locomotion, secures the pelvis preventing pelvic drop of opposite limb
Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve
Tensor fascia late
Origin:
Anterior iliac crest and ASIS
Insertion:
Iliotibial tract on lateral condylar of the tibia
Actions:
Assists the gluteus medium and minimums in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb
Supportive role in the gait cycle
Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis
Origin:
Anterior surface of the sacrum
Insertion:
Travels inferno-laterally through the greater sciatic foramen to insert to the greater trochanter of the femur
Actions:
Lateral rotation of the lower limb
Abduction of the lower limb
Innervation:
Nerve to piriformis
Superior gemellus
Origin:
Ischial spine
Insertion:
Greater trochanter of the femur
Actions:
Lateral rotation of the lower limb
Abduction of the lower limb
Innervation:
Nerve to obturator internus
Inferior gemelli
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Greater trochanter of the femur
Actions:
Lateral rotation
Abduction
Innervation:
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Obturator internus
Origin:
Pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen
Attachment:
Greater trochanter of femur
Actions:
Lateral rotation of lower limb
Abduction
Innervation:
Nerve to obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
Origin:
Lateral side of ischial tuberosity
Attachment:
Quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest
Actions:
Lateral rotation
Innervation:
Nerve to quadratus femoris
What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region, superior to inferior?
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Tensor fascia lata
What are the deep lateral rotators of the gluteal region, superior to inferior?
Piriformis Gemellus superior Obturator internus Gemellus inferior Quadrator femoris
Iliopsoas
Psoas major + iliacus
Psoas major
Origin:
Lumbar vertebrae
Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of femur
Actions:
Flexes lower limb at hip joint
Assists in lateral rotation at hip joint
Innervation:
Anterior rami of L1-L3
Iliacus
Origin:
Iliac fossa of pelvis
Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of femur
Actions:
Flexes lower limb at hip joint
Assists in lateral rotation at hip joint
Innervation:
Femoral nerve
Vastus lateralis
Origin:
Greater trochanter of femur
Insertion:
Lateral lip of linea aspera
Actions:
Extends knee joint
Stabilises patella
Innervation:
Femoral nerve
Vastus intermedius
Origin:
Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft
Insertion:
Patella via patella tendon
Actions:
Extends the knee joint
Stabilises patella
Innervation:
Femoral nerve
Vastus medialis
Origin:
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera
Actions:
Extends knee joint
Stabilises patella
Innervation:
Femoral nerve
Rectus femoris
Origin:
Ilium superior to the acetabulum
Insertion:
Patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon
Actions:
Flexes leg at hip joint
Extends knee joint
Innervation:
Femoral nerve
What are the quadriceps femoris muscles?
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris- crosses hip joint and knee joint
Sartorius
Origin:
Iliac spine
Insertion:
Superior, medial surface of the tibia
Actions:
Hip joint- flexor, abductor and lateral rotator
Knee- flexor
Innervation:
Femoral nerve
Pectineus
Origin:
Pectineal line on the anterior surface of the pelvis
Insertion:
Pectineal line on posterior side of the femur inferior to the lesser trochanter
Actions:
Adduction of hip joint
Flexion of hip joint
Innervation:
Femoral nerve. May receive a branch from obturator nerve
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh
Flexors of the hip joint:
Iliopsoas = psoas major + iliacus - also laterally rotates
Sartorius- also abducts, laterally rotates + flexes at knee
Pectineus- also adducts
Extensors of the knee: Quadriceps femoris: Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Rectus femoris
Which muscles of the anterior thigh contribute to movement of the knee joint?
Sartorius - flexes knee joint
Rectus femoris - extends knee joint
Adductor magnus
Origin:
Adductor part- inferior rami of the pubis and the rami of ischium
Hamstring part- ischial tuberosity of femur
Insertion:
Adductor part- Linea aspera of the femur
Hamstring part- adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of femur
Actions:
Adductor part- Adduct/flexes the hip joint
Hamstring part- extends hip joint
Innervation:
Adductor part- obturator nerve
Hamstring part-tibial nerve
Adductor longus
Origin:
Pubis
Insertion:
Linea aspera of the femur
Actions:
Adduction of hip joint
Medial rotation of hip joint
Innervation:
Obturator nerve
Adductor brevis
Origin:
Body of the pubis
Inferior pubic rami
Insertion:
Linea aspera on posterior surface of the femur, proximal to adductor longus
Actions:
Adduction of the thigh
Innervation:
Obturator nerve
Obturator externus
Origin:
Membrane of obturator foramen and adjacent bones
Insertion:
Posterior aspect of the greater trochanter
Actions:
Laterally rotates the hip
Innervation:
Obturator nerve
Gracilis
Origin:
Inferior rami of the pubis
Bod of the pubis
Insertion:
Medial surface of the tibia between tendons of the sartorius and semitendinosus
Actions:
Adduction of the thigh at the hip
Flexion of the leg at the knee
Innervation:
Obturator nerve
What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor breaks Obturator externus Gracilis
Biceps femoris
Origin:
Long head- ischial tuberosity
Short head- Linda appear on posterior surface of femur
Insertion:
Head of fibula
Actions:
Flexion at knee
Extension at hip
Lateral rotation at hip and knee
Innervation:
Long head- tibial part of sciatic nerve
Short head- common fibula part of sciatic nerve
Semitendinosus
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Medial surface of tibia
Actions:
Flexion of knee
Extension of hip
Medial rotation of hip and knee
Innervation:
Tibial part of the sciatic nerve
Semimembranosus
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Medial tibial condyle
Actions:
Flexion at knee joint
Extension of hip
Medial rotation of hip and leg
Innervation:
Tibial part of sciatic nerve
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh, lateral to medial?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
What movements to the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh all contribute to with the assistance of the hamstring portion of adductor magnus- a muscle in the medial compartment of the thigh?
What are they innervated by?
Flexion at knee
Extension at hip
Sciatic nerve
Tibialis anterior
Origin:
Lateral surface of tibia
Insertion:
Medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I
Actions:
Dorsiflexion of ankle
Inversion of ankle
Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin:
Lateral condyle of tibia
Medial surface of fibula
Insertion:
Toes 2-5
Actions:
Extension of lateral four toes
Dorsiflexion of the foot
Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve
Extensor hallucis longus
Origin:
Medial surface of the fibular shaft
Insertion:
Base of distal phalanx of the great toe
Action:
Extension of great toe
Dorsiflexion of foot
Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve
Fibularis tertius
Origin:
Medial surface of the fibula
Insertion:
Metatarsal V
Actions:
Eversion of ankle
Dorsiflexion of ankle
Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
Fibularis longus
Origin:
Superior and lateral surface of fibula
Lateral tibial condyle
Insertion:
Cuneiform and base of metatarsal I
Actions:
Eversion of ankle
Plantarflexion of ankle
Supports lateral and transverse arches of the foot
Innervation:
Superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis brevis
Origin:
Inferolateral surface of fibula shaft
Insertion:
Tubercle on metatarsal V
Actions:
Eversion of the foot
Innervation:
Superficial fibular nerve
What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Gastrocnemius
Origin:
Lateral head- lateral femoral condyle
Medial head- medial femoral condyle
Insertion:
Combines with soles to form calcaneal tendon which inserts onto the calcaneus
Actions:
Plantarflexion of ankle
Flexor of knee
Innervation:
Tibial nerve
Plantaris
Origin:
Lateral supracondylar line of the femur
Insertion:
Tendon blends with calcaneal tendon which inserts at calcaneus
Actions:
Plantarflexion of the ankle
Flexor of knee
Innervation:
Tibial nerve
Soleus
Origin:
Soleal line of tibia
Proximal fibula area
Insertion:
Calcaneal tendon which inserts to the calcaneus
Actions:
Plantarflexion of the ankle
Innervation:
Tibial nerve
Popliteus
Origin:
Posterior surface of the proximal tibia
Insertion:
Lateral condolences of the femur and lateral meniscus of knee joint
Actions:
Laterally rotates the knee joint
Unlocks the knee joint so flexion can occur
Innervation:
Tibial nerve
Tibialis posterior
Origin:
Interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula and posterior surfaces of these bones
Insertion:
Plantar surfaces of medial tarsal bones
Actions:
Inverts ankle
Plantarflexes the ankle
Maintains medial arch of foot
Innervation:
Tibial nerve
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin:
Medial surface of tibia
Insertion:
Plantar surfaces of lateral four digits
Actions:
Flexes the lateral four toes
Innervation:
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus
Origin:
Posterior surface of fibula
Insertion:
Plantar surface of phalanx of the great toe
Actions:
Flexes the great toe
Innervation:
Tibial nerve
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Superficial:
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Deep: Popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus
