Muscles Flashcards
Trapezius
Origin: Skull(external occipital protuberance)
Fascia(ligamentum nuchea)
Vertebra(C7,T1-T12)
Insert: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Acromion and spine of scapula
Elevates and depress shoulder
Retracts scapula
Extend head
Cranial Nerve 11 or accessor nerve
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: Vertebra (T6-T12)
Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest of pelvic bone
Insert: Humerus (bicipital groove)
Adductor, extends and medially rotate arm i.e. Swimmer muscle
Thoracodorsal nerve
Lavatory Scapulae
Origin: Transverse process of C1-C4
Insert: Superior angle and medial border of scapula
Elevates and adducts scapula
Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid Minor
Origin: C7-T1
Insert Medial border of scapula
Elevates and adducts scapula
Dorsal Scapula Nerve
Rhomboid Major
Origin: spines T2-T5
Insert: medial border to inferior angle of scapula
Elevates and adducts scapula
Dorsal Scapular
Lavatories Costarum
Origin: Transverse Processes of C7, T1-11
Insert: Inferior origin of ribs
Raise ribs for inspiration
Dorsal Rami of thoracic spinal nerves
Serratus Posterior Superior
Origin: Spines of cervicle and upper thoracic vertebral
Insert: Ribs
Raise ribs for inspiration
Intercostal Nerves
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Origin: Spines of Upper Lumbar and lower thoracic vertebra
Insert: Ribs
Lower ribs for expiration
Intercostal nerves
Splenius
Origin: Spines of T1-T4
Insert:Splenius Capitus to Skull (occipital and temporal bones)
Splenius Cervicis to vertebra (transverse process of C2-C3)
Extend Neck and head (rotate in unilateral action)
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Iliocostalis
Part of erector spinae
Origin: Ilium and ribs
Insert: Ribs and transverse process
Extend truck and vertebral columns
Longissmus
Part of Erector Spinae
Origin: Tranverse processes of vertebra
Insert: Transverse processes of vertebra
Extend trunk and vertebral column
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Spinalis
Part of erector spinae
Origin: spinous processes
Insert: spinous process
Extend trunk and vertebral column
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Semispinalis
Part of transversospinalis
Origin: transverse process of vertebra
Insert: Spines of vertebra superior to origin. Extend across 5-6 vertebra.
All extend trunk in bilateral action and rotate vertebral column in unilateral action
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Multifidus
Part of transversospinalis
Origin: transverse process of vertebra
Insert: Spines of vertebra superior to origin. Extend across 3-4 vertebra.
All extend trunk in bilateral action and rotate vertebral column in unilateral action
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Rotators
Part of transversospinalis
Origin: transverse process of vertebra
Insert: Spines of vertebra superior to origin. Extend across 1-2 vertebra.
All extend trunk in bilateral action and rotate vertebral column in unilateral action
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Pectoralis Major
Origin: Medial Half of clavicle and costal cartilage 1-6
Insert: Intertubercular Sulcus
Action: Adducts and medially rotates the arm
Claviciular head: flexes arm
Sternocostal head: assists in respiration when shoulders is
Fixed
Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves from medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: 3-5 ribs near cartilage
Insert: Coracoid Process of scapula
Action: Depress scapula, elevates ribs of origin to assist in
respiration when the shoulder is fixed
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Serratus Anterior
Origin: upper 8 ribs
Insert: Medial (vertebral) border of scapula
Rotates scapula; draws scapula forward around thoracic wall (protraction), holds scapula against thoracic wall
Long thoracic (nerve to serratus anterior)
Subclavius
Origin: 1st Costal Cartilage
Inset: Inferior surface of the clavicle
Anchors & Depresses clavicle during upper limb movements
Nerve to subclavius
Deltoid
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
Insert: Deltoid tuberosity of humerous
Flexes, medial rotate arm thanks to the clavicle
Abducts arm thanks to the acromion
Extends, laterally rotate arm thanks to the Posterior scapular spine
Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insert: greater tubercle of humerous
Initiates abduction of arm; stabilize shoulder joints
Suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insert: Greater Tubercle of humerus
Laterally rotates arm; stabilizes shoulder joint
Suprascapular nerve
Teres Minor
Origin: Upper Lateral Border of Scapula
Insert: Greater tubercle of humerus
Laterally rotate arm; stabilizes shoulder joint
Axillary Nerve
Subscapularis
Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Insert: lesser tubercle of humerous
Medially rotate arms; stabilize shoulder joint
Upper& Lower subscapular nerve
Teres Major
Origin: Inferior border of scapula
Insert: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
Medially rotates hand, adducts arm, extends arm
Lower subscapular nerve
Biceps Brachii
O: Anterior Humerous
I: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
Flexor of forearm
Supinator of forearm
Weak flexor of arm at glenohumeral joint
Musculocutaneous nerve
Coracobrachialis
O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: Mid-shaft of humerus
Weak flexor of arm at glenohumeral joint
Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis
O: Anterior Humerus
I: Coronoid process of ulna
Powerful flexor of forearm
Musculocutanous nerve.
Triceps
O: Long head is infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial and lateral head is posterior humerus
I: Olecron process of ulna
Extension of forearm
Radial nerve
Anconeus
O: lateral epicondyle of humerous
I: Olecranon of Ulna
Extends forearm (assist triceps)
Radial Nerve
Pronator Teres
Superficial group
O: Medial epicondyle of humerous and coronoid process of ulna
I: Lateral radial midshaft
Pronates forearm
Median Nerve
Flexor Carpi Radialis
O: Medial Epicondyle of the humerous
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal( sometimes 3rd)
Superficial muscle
Flexes and abducts wrist joints
Median Nerve
Palmaris Longus
O: Medial Epicondyle of the humerous
I: Palmart Aponeurosis
Superficial Group
Flex wrist
Median Nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: Medial Epicondyle
I: Pisiform, hook hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
Superficial Group
Flexes and adducts wrist joint
Ulnar Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
O: Medial Epicondyle of the Humerous
I: Sides of middle phalanges 2-5. Tendons will bifurcates
Intermediate group
Flexes wrist, MCP, PIP joints of digits 2-5
Median Nerve
Flexor Pollicis Longus
O: Midshaft of radius and interosseous membran
I: Distal Phalanx of thumb
Deep Group
Flexes MCP and IP joint of thumb
Median nerve
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
O: Ulna and interosseous membran
I: Distal phalanges of digits 2-5. Tendon passes through flexor Digitorum superficialis
Flex wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP joints of digits 2-5
Median nerve does lateral halve
Ulnar nerve does medial halve
Pronator Quadratus
O: Distal Ulna
I Distal radius
Deep group
Pronates hand
Median Nerve
Brachioradialis
Superficial Posterior forearm
O: Lateral Supracondylar ridge of humerous
I: Styloid Process of Radius
Flex elbow at midprone position
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
Extends and abducts wrist joint
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
O: Lateral Epicondyle of humerus
I: Base of 3rd metacarpal
Superficial Extensor of forearm
Extends and abducts wrist joints
Radial Nerve
Extensor Digitorum
O: lateral Epicondyle of humerous
I: Dorsal Digital Expansions on middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Extends Wrist joint
Extend digits 2-5 at MCP, PIP, DIP joints
Radial Nerve
Extensor Digiti minimi
O: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
I: Middle and Distal phalanges of 5th digit via extensor expansion
Extends wrist joint
Extends 5th digit at MCP, PIP, DIP joints
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
O:Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I:Base of 5th metacarpal
Extends wrist
Adducts wrist
Radial Nerve
Supinator
O:Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus
I: upper lateral radius
Supination of arm
Radial Nerve
Abductor Pollicis Longus
O: Ulna and Interosseous membran
I: Base of 1st metacarpal
Abducts thumb
Radial Nerve
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
O: Interosseous Membrane
I: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Extends proximal phalanx of thumb
radial nerve
Extensor Pollicis Longus
O: Ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Base of the distal phalanx of thumb
Extends distal phalanx of thumb
Radial Nerve
Abductor Pollicis brevis
O: Tubercle of scphoid and trapezium
flexor retinaculum
I: Lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb
abduct thumb
median nerve
flexor pollicis brevis
superficial head:
O: flexor retinaculum
I: lateral side proximal phalanx o thumb
Deep Head:
O: Capitate and trapezium
I: lateral side proximal phalanx to thumb
flexes thumb
median nerve
opponens pollicis
O: tubercle of trapezium
I: lateral side of 1st metacarpal
Opposition of thumb
Median Nerve
adductor pollicis
Oblique Head
O: Capitate and bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
I: Base of the proximal phalanx of thumb
Transvere Head
O: Shaft of 3rd metacarpal
I:Base of the proximal phalanx of thumb
adducts thumb
Ulnar nerve
Palmaris Brevis
O: Palmar Aponeurosis
I: Skin of the hypothenar eminence
Tightens skin over hypothenar eminence
Ulnar Nerve
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: Pisiform
I: Medial Side of the proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Abducts 5th digits
Ulnar Nerve
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: Hook of Hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: 5th metacarpal
Laterally Rotates Metacarpal 5 to oppose little finger w/ thumb
Ulnar Nerve
Doral Interossei (4)
O: Sides of adjacent metacarpals
I: Proximal phalanges and dorsal digital expansions
Abduct digits 2,3,4
Flex MCP joins
Extend PIP, DIP
(assist lumbrical)
Ulnar nerve
Palmar Interossei (3)
O: Medial SIde of metacarpal 2
Lateral Side of metacarpal 4
Lateral Side of metacarpal 5
I: proximal phalanges and dorsal digital expansion
Lumbricals (4)
O: Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
I: Lateral side of extensor expansion of digits 2-5
Flexes MCP joints, extends DIP and PIP
Medain for 1 and 2
Ulnar for 3 &4
