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anatomy muscles > muscles > Flashcards

muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 Hamstring muscles? where do these 3 muscles arise from? What is their action?

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, arise from the ischiatic tuberosity. Extensors of the hip and flexors of the stifle

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2
Q

biceps femoris: the tendon of this muscle contributes to the ____ ____ tendon. There is a palpable and clinically relevant ___ ____ ___ at the caudal border of this muscle.

A

common calcanean tendon. popliteal lymph node

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3
Q

Biceps femoris origin

A

sarcotuberous ligament and ischiatic tuberosity

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4
Q

Biceps femoris insertion

A

Patella, patellar ligament and cranial border of tibia via fascia lata and crural fascia; tuber calcanei via the common calcanean tendon

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5
Q

biceps femoris action

A

extend hip and hock. Can either extend (weight bearing) or flex (non-weight bearing) the stifle dependent on the position of the limb

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6
Q

semitendinosus : the tendon of this muscle contributes to the ____ ____ tendon

A

common calcanean tendon

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7
Q

semitendinosus origin

A

ischiatic tuberosity

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8
Q

Semitendinosus insertion

A

medial surface of tibial body ; tuber calcanei via common calcanean tendon

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9
Q

Semitendinosus action

A

extends hip and hock, flexes stifle

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10
Q

Semimembranosus has ___ bellies of nearly equal size

A

2

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11
Q

semimembranosus origin

A

ischiatic tuberosity

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12
Q

semimembranosus insertion

A

distal and medial aspect of the caudal femur and medial condyle of the tibia

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13
Q

semimembranosus action

A

extend hip; extend (weight bearing) or flex (non weight bearing) stifle depending on limb position

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14
Q

sartorius : 2 parts? these parts form the cranial border of the ____ ___?A pulse of the femoral artery can be palpated caudal to this muscle

A

cranial and caudal parts, femoral triangle

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15
Q

Sartorius origin

A

ilium( crest of ilium and thorcacolumbar fascia; ventral border of ilium)

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16
Q

sartorius insertion

A

patella and cranial border of tibia

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17
Q

sartorius action

A

flex hip;extend stifle(weight bearing) flex stifle(non- weight bearing)

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18
Q

Gracilis: the tendon of this muscle contributes to the ___ __ tendon

A

common calcanean tendon

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19
Q

Gracilis origin

A

pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon

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20
Q

Gracilis insertion

A

cranial border of tibia; tuber calcanei via common calcanean tendon

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21
Q

Gracilis action

A

ADDuct limb, flex stifle, extend hip and hock

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22
Q

Pectineus : this muscle( in addition to the caudal part of the sartorius which froms the the cranial part of the ___ __) forms the caudal border of the ___ ___.A pulse of the femoral artery can be palpated cranial to this muscle.

A

femoral triangle

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23
Q

pectineus origin

A

pubis ( pre-pubic tendon and iliopubic eminence)

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24
Q

pectineus insertion

A

distal end of caudomedial aspect of femur(medial lip of caudal rough surface)

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25
Q

pectineus action

A

ADDuct limb

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26
Q

ADDuctor : lies immediately caudal to the pectineus. Origin of the adductor

A

pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon ; ventral surface of pubis and ischium

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27
Q

ADDuctor insertion:

A

caudolateral aspect of femur(entire lateral lip of caudal rough surface of femur

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28
Q

adductor action

A

adduct limb extend hip

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29
Q

Tensor fasciae latae has _parts. the cranial part is continuous with the superficial layer of the fascia lata. The caudal part is continuous with the deep layer of the fascia lata.

A

2 parts cranial and caudal

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30
Q

tensor fasciae latae origin

A

tuber coxae aponeurosis of middle gluteal m.

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31
Q

tensor fasciae latae insertion

A

fascia lata(lateral femoral fascia)

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32
Q

tensor fasciae latae action

A

tense fascia lata, flex hip, extend stifle

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33
Q

superficial gluteal origin

A

sarcotuberous ligament, deep gluteal fascia

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34
Q

superficial gluteal insertion

A

third trochanter of femur

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35
Q

superficial gluteal action

A

extend hip, ABduct limb

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36
Q

middle gluteal: there is a ___ muscle part of this middle gluteal.

A

piriformis muscle

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37
Q

middle gluteal origin

A

crest and gluteal surface of ilium

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38
Q

middle gluteal insertion

A

greater trochanter of the femur

39
Q

middle gluteal action

A

extend hip , abduct hip, rotate pelvic limb medially

40
Q

deep gluteal origin

A

body of ilium;ischiatic spine

41
Q

deep gluteal insertion

A

greater trochanter of the femur

42
Q

deep gluteal action

A

extend hip, abduct hip. rotate pelvic limb medially

43
Q

internal obturator: one of the four small pelvic association muscles. It has a ___ and a _____ bursa.

A

tendon and subtendinous bursa

44
Q

internal obturator origin

A

dorsal surface of ischium and pubis;dorsal pelvic symphysis

45
Q

internal obturator insertion

A

trochanteric fossa of the femur

46
Q

internal obturator action

A

rotate pelvic limb laterally

47
Q

gemelli: one of the small pelvic association muscles. A wide tendon of the internal obturator makes this muscle appear to have 2 parts or twin=gemini.

gemelli origin:

A

lateral surface of ischium , ventral to lesser ischiatic notch

48
Q

gemelli insertion

A

trochanteric fossa of the femur

49
Q

gemelli action

A

rotate pelvic limb laterally

50
Q

quadratus femoris : one of the four small pelvic association muscles
quadratus femoris origin:

A

ventral surface of caudal ischium

51
Q

quadratus femoris insertion

A

interotrochanteric crest of femur

52
Q

quadratus femoris action

A

rotate pelvic limb laterally;extend hip

53
Q

external obturator is one of the four small pelvic association muscles.
external obturator origin:

A

ventral surface of pubis and ischium

54
Q

external obturator insertion

A

trochanteric fossa of the femur

55
Q

external obturator action

A

rotate pelvic limb laterally

56
Q

This muscle has 4 heads: the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis. OF the 4 heads the rectus femoris is the only one that spans both the hip and stifle joints. This group is the main ___ of the stifle and is essential for weight bearing.

A

The quadriceps femoris. extensor of stifle

57
Q

quadriceps femoris origin

A

ilium(rectus femoris); proximal aspect of femur(other heads)

58
Q

quadriceps femoris insertion

A

tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

59
Q

quadriceps femoris action

A

flex hip (rectus femoris) extend stifle (all heads)

60
Q

iliopsoas is formed by 2 muscles:

The iliopsoas complex extends through the muscular lacuna of the abdominal wall adjacent to the vascular lacuna.

A

psoas major and iliacus

61
Q

iliopsoas origin

A

ventral aspect of lumbar vertebrae ;cranioventral ilium

62
Q

iliopsoas insertion

A

lesser trochanter of the femur

63
Q

iliopsoas action

A

flex hip

64
Q

cranial tibial :the tendon of this muscle is held down by the ____ extensor____. along with the tendon of the long digital extensor.

A

crural extensor retinaculum

65
Q

cranial tibial origin

A

proximal and lateral aspect of the tibia near the extensor groove

66
Q

cranial tibial insertion

A

proximal plantar surface of metatarsals I and II

67
Q

cranial tibial action

A

flex tarsus;rotate paw laterally so plantar surface faces medially

68
Q

long digital extensor : the tendon of this muscle along with the tendon of the cranial tibial is held down by the ___ extensor____. Additionally the ___ extensor ____holds the tendon of this muscle in placeon the dorsal surface of the metatarsus

A

crural extensor retinaculum, tarsal extensor retinaculum

69
Q

long digital extensor origin

A

extensor fossa of the femur

70
Q

long digital extensor insertion

A

extensor processes of distal phalanges of digits 2,3,4,5

71
Q

long digital extensor action

A

extends digits; flex tarsus

72
Q

fibularis longus also referred to as the ___ longus

A

peroneus

73
Q

fibularis longus origin

A

lateral collateral ligament; proximal aspect of tibia and fibula

74
Q

fibularis longus insertion

A

tarsal bone IV; plantar aspect of proximal ends of metatarsals

75
Q

fibularis longus action

A

flex tarsus; rotate paw medially so plantar surface faces laterally(pronation)

76
Q

gastrocnemius has 2 heads: each head contains a sesamoid bone in their tendons of origin. The 2 heads envelope the muscular portion of the___

A

medial and lateral, SDF

77
Q

gastrocnemius origin

A

medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur

78
Q

gastrocnemius insertion

A

tuber calcanei

79
Q

gastrocnemius action

A

extend tarsus; flex stifle

80
Q

Superficial digital flexor : the tendon of the SDF along with the tendon of the gastrocnemius forms the main central component of the ____ ____ tendon

A

common calcanean

81
Q

There is a ___ __ bursa between the tendons of the SDF and the gastrocnemius.

A

intertendinous calcanean bursa

82
Q

There is also a ___ __ bursa located between the skin and the tendon of the SDF

A

subcutaneous calcanean bursa

83
Q

SDF origin

A

lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur

84
Q

SDF insertion

A

tuber calcanei; plantar aspect of the base of the middle phalanx of digits 2,3,4,5

85
Q

SDF action

A

flex stifle; extend tarsus (hock);flex digits

86
Q

Deep digital flexor: this muscle has 2 heads :

A

lateral digital flexor or lateral head of DDF and medial digital flexor or medial head of DDF

87
Q

The tendon of the lateral head of the DDF passes over the ____ ___ of the calcaneus where it is held down by the ____ ____

A

sustentaculum tali, flexor retinaculum

88
Q

DDF origin

A

proximal tibia and fibula and adjacent interosseus membrane between the two

89
Q

DDF insertion

A

plantar aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of digits 1-5

90
Q

DDF action

A

flex digits .extend tarsus

91
Q

Popliteus: this muscle has a ____ ____ bone in its tendon of origin and will only be seen in radiographs

A

popliteal sesamoid bone

92
Q

popliteus origin

A

lateral condyle of femur

93
Q

popliteus insertion

Popliteus action

A

proximal and caudomedial aspect of tibia

flex stifle rotate leg (crus) medially

anatomy muscles (1 decks)

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