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Year 2 spot 2 - lower limb > muscles > Flashcards

muscles Flashcards

1
Q

piriformis - origin

A

anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina

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2
Q

piriformis - insertion

A

medial side of superior border of greater trochanter

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3
Q

piriformis - innervation

A

Branches from S1 and S2

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4
Q

Piriformis - function

A

laterally rotates the extended femur at the hip, abducts flexed femur at the hip

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5
Q

Obturator internus - origin

A

Anterolateral wall of true pelvis, surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone

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6
Q

Obturator internus - insertion

A

medial side of greater trochanter

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7
Q

obturator internus - innervation

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

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8
Q

Obturator internus - function

A

laterally rotates the extended femur at the hip, abducts flexed femur at the hip

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9
Q

Gemellus superior - origin

A

external surface of ischial spine

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10
Q

gemellus superior - insertion

A

along superior length of obturator internus tendon and mediaal side of the greater trochanter

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11
Q

gemellus superior - innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

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12
Q

gemellus superior - function

A

laterally rotates the extended femur at the hip, abducts flexed femur at the hip

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13
Q

gemellus inferior - origin

A

upper aspect of ischial tuberosity

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14
Q

gemellus inferior - insertion

A

along inferior length of obturator internus tendon and mediaal side of the greater trochanter

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15
Q

gemellus inferior - innervation

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

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16
Q

gemellus inferior - function

A

laterally rotates the extended femur at the hip, abducts flexed femur at the hip

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17
Q

quadratus femoris - origin

A

lateral aspect of ischium anterior to ischial tuberosity

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18
Q

quadratus femoris - insertion

A

quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crestof the proximal femur

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19
Q

qudratus femoris - innervation

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

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20
Q

quadratus femoris - function

A

laterally rotates femur at the hip

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21
Q

gluteus minimus - origin

A

external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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22
Q

gluteus minimus - insertion

A

linear facet on the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter

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23
Q

gluteus minimus - innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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24
Q

gluteus minimus - function

A

abducts femur at hip joint, holds pelvis secure when walking preventing pelvic drop, medially rotates thigh

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25
Q

gluteus medius - origin

A

external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

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26
Q

gluteus medius - insertion

A

elongate facet on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter

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27
Q

gluteus medius - innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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28
Q

gluteus medius - function

A

abducts femur at hip joint, holds pelvis secure when walking preventing pelvic drop, medially rotates thigh

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29
Q

gluteus maximus - origin

A

fascia over gluteus medius, external ilium behind posterior gluteal lin, dorsum of sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external sacrotuberous ligament

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30
Q

gluteus maximus - insertion

A

posterior aspect of iliotibial tract of fascia lataand gluteal tuberosity of the proximal femur

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31
Q

gluteus maximus - innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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32
Q

gluteus maximus - function

A

powerful extensor of flexed femur at the hip, lateral stabiliser of the hip and knee joint, laterally rotates and abducts thigh

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33
Q

tensor fasciae latae - origin

A

lateral crest of ilium between ASIS and tubercle of crest

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34
Q

tensor fasciae latae - insertion

A

iliotibial tract of fascia lata

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35
Q

tensor fasciae latae - innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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36
Q

tensor fasciae latae - function

A

stabilses the knee in extension

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37
Q

psoas major - origin

A

lumbar transverse processes, intervertebral discs, and adjacent bodies from T12 to L5

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38
Q

psoas major - insertion

A

lesser trochanter

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39
Q

psoas major - innervation

A

anterior rami L1,2,3

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40
Q

psoas major - function

A

flexes the thigh at the hip

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41
Q

iliacus - origin

A

iliac fossa

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42
Q

iliacus - insertion

A

lesser trochanter

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43
Q

iliacus - innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2,3)

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44
Q

iliacus - function

A

flexes thigh at the hip

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45
Q

vastsus medialis - origin

A

femur - medial intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

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46
Q

vastsus medialis - insertion

A

quad fem tendon and medial border of patella

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47
Q

vastsus medialis - innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

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48
Q

vastus medialis - function

A

extends the leg at the knee

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49
Q

vastsus intermedius - origin

A

femur - upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral surface

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50
Q

vastsus intermedius - insertion

A

quad fem tendon lateral patella, lateral condyle

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51
Q

vastsus intermedius - innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

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52
Q

vastsus intermedius - function

A

extends the leg at the knee

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53
Q

vastsus lateralis - origin

A

femur - lateral intertrochanter line, margin of greater trochanter, lateral gluteal tuberosity, lateral linea aspera

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54
Q

vastsus lateralis - insertion

A

quad fem tendon and lateral patella

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55
Q

vastsus lateralis - innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

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56
Q

vastsus lateralis - function

A

extends the leg at the knee

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57
Q

rectus femoris - origin

A

reflected head- ilium superior to acetabulum

straight head - AIIS

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58
Q

rectus femoris - insertion

A

quad fem tendon

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59
Q

rectus femoris - innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

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60
Q

rectus femoris - function

A

flexes the thigh at the hip and extends the leg at the knee

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61
Q

sartorius - origin

A

ASIS

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62
Q

sartorius - insertion

A

medial tibia inferomedial to tibial tuberosity

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63
Q

sartorius - innervation

A

femoral nerve L2,3

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64
Q

sartorius - function

A

flexes the thigh at the hip and flexes the leg at the knee

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65
Q

gracilis - origin

A

body of the pubis, inferior pubic ramus, ramus of ischium

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66
Q

gracilis - insertion

A

medial shaft of proximal tibia

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67
Q

gracilis - innervation

A

obturator nerve (L2,3)

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68
Q

gracilis - function

A

adducts thigh at the hip, flexes leg at the knee

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69
Q

pectineus - origin

A

pectineal line and adjacent pelvis

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70
Q

pectineus - insertion

A

oblique line from lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior proximal femur

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71
Q

pectineus - innnervation

A

femoral nerve L2,3

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72
Q

pectineus - function

A

adducts and flexes the thigh at the hip

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73
Q

adductor longus - origin

A

body of pubis - lateral to pubic symphysis and inferior to pubic crest

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74
Q

adductor longus - insertion

A

linea aspera - middle 1/3

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75
Q

adductor longus - innervation

A

obturator nerve (anterior rami) L2,3,4

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76
Q

adductor llongus - function

A

adducts and medially rotates thigh at the hip

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77
Q

adductor brevis - origin

A

body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus

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78
Q

adductor brevis - insertion

A

posterior proximal femur and upper 1/3 of linea aspera

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79
Q

adductor brevis - function

A

adducts and medially rotates thigh at the hip

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80
Q

adductor brevis - innervation

A

obturator nerve L2,3

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81
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part) - origin

A

ischiopubic ramus

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82
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part) - insertion

A

posterior proximal femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

83
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part) - innervation

A

obturator nerve L2,3,4

84
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part) - function

A

adducts and medially rotates thigh at the hip

85
Q

adductor magnus (hamstring part) - origin

A

ischial tuberosity

86
Q

adductor magnus (hamstring part) - insertion

A

adductor tubercle and supracondylar line

87
Q

adductor magnus (hamstring part) - innervation

A

sciatic nerve - tibial division L2,3,4

88
Q

obturator externus - origin

A

external obturator membrane and adjacent bone

89
Q

obturator externus - insertion

A

trochanteric fossa

90
Q

obturator externus - innervation

A

obturator nerve (posterior division) L3,4

91
Q

obturator externus - function

A

laterally rotates thigh at the hip

92
Q

biceps femoris - origin

A

long head - inferomedial part of upper ischial tuberosity

short head - lateral lip of linea aspera

93
Q

biceps femoris - insertion

A

head of fibula

94
Q

biceps femoris - innervation

A

sciatic nerve L5, S1,2

95
Q

biceps femoris - function

A

flexes leg at knee, extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip, laterally roates leg at knee

96
Q

semitendinosus - origin

A

inferomedial part of upper ischial tuberosity

97
Q

semitendinosus - insertion

A

medial proximal tibia

98
Q

semitendinosus - innervation

A

sciatic nerve L5, S1,2

99
Q

semitendinosus - function

A

flexes knee joint, extends thigh at hip, medially rotates thigh at hip and leg at knee

100
Q

semimembranosus - origin

A

superolateral ischial tuberosity

101
Q

semimembranosus - insertion

A

medial and posterior surface of medial tibial condyle

102
Q

semimembranosus - innervation

A

sciatic nerve L5, S1,2

103
Q

semimembranosus - function

A

flexes knee joint, extends thigh at hip, medially rotates thigh at hip and leg at knee

104
Q

gastrocnemius - origin

A

medial head - posterior distal femur superior to medial condyle
lateral head - posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

105
Q

gastrocnemius - insertion

A

calcaneal tendon to posterior calcaneus

106
Q

gastrocnemius - innervation

A

tibial nerve S1,2

107
Q

gastrocnemius - function

A

plantar flexion of the foot and flexes knee

108
Q

plantaris - origin

A

inferior part of lateral supracondylar line and oblique popliteal ligament

109
Q

plantaris - insertion

A

calcaneal tendon

110
Q

plantaris - innervation

A

tibial nerve S1,2

111
Q

plantaris - function

A

plantar flexes foot and flexes knee

112
Q

soleus - origin

A

soleal line and medial border of tibia, posterior fibular head, neck and proximal shaft

113
Q

soleus - insertion

A

calcaneal tendon

114
Q

soleus - innervation

A

tibial nerve S1,2

115
Q

soleus - function

A

plantarflexes the foot

116
Q

popliteus - origin

A

lateral femoral condyle

117
Q

popliteus - insertion

A

posterior proximal tibia

118
Q

popliteus - innervation

A

tibial nerve L4,5, S1

119
Q

polpliteus - function

A

stabilizes knee joint and unlocks the knee

120
Q

flexor hallicus longus - origin

A

posterior fibula and interosseus membrane

121
Q

flexor hallicus longus - insertion

A

plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe

122
Q

flexor hallicus longus - innervation

A

tibial nerve S2,3

123
Q

flexor hallicus longus - function

A

flexes great toe

124
Q

flexor digitorum longus - origin

A

medial side of posterior tibia

125
Q

flexor digitorum longus - insertion

A

plantar surface of base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

126
Q

flexor digitorum longus - innervation

A

tibial nerve S2,3

127
Q

flexor digitorum longus - function

A

flexes lateral 4 toes

128
Q

tibialis posterior - origin

A

posterior interosseous membrane and adjacent tibia and fibula

129
Q

tibialis posterior - insertion

A

tuberosity of navicular and medial cuneiform

130
Q

tibialis posterior - innervation

A

tibial nerve L4,5

131
Q

tibialis posterior - function

A

inversion and plantarflexion of foot, supports medial arch of foot in walking

132
Q

fibularis longus - origin

A

upper lateral fibula

133
Q

fibularis longus - insertion

A

underside of base of metatarsal 1

134
Q

fibularis longus - innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve L5, S1,2

135
Q

fibularis longus - function

A

eversion and plantarflexion

136
Q

fibularis brevis - origin

A

lower 2/3 lateral shaft of fibula

137
Q

fibularis brevis - insertion

A

lateral tubercle at base of metatarsal 5

138
Q

fibularis brevis - innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve L5, S1,2

139
Q

fibularis brevis - function

A

eversion of the foot

140
Q

tibialis anterior - origin

A

lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

141
Q

tibialis anterior - insertion

A

medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1

142
Q

tibialis anterior - innervation

A

deep fibular nerve L4,5

143
Q

tibialis anterior - function

A

dorsiflexion, inversion, supports medial foot

144
Q

extensor hallucis longus - origin

A

middle 1/2 of medial fibula and interosseous membrane

145
Q

extensor hallucis longus - insertion

A

dorsal base of distal phalanx of great toe

146
Q

extensor hallucis longus - innervation

A

deep fibular nerve L5, S1

147
Q

extensor hallucis longus - function

A

extends great toe and dorsiflexion of foot

148
Q

extensor digitorum longus - origin

A

proximal 1/2 of medial fibula and lateral tibial condyle

149
Q

extensor digitorum longus - insertion

A

dorsal digital expansion - into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes

150
Q

extensor digitorum longus - innervation

A

deep fibular nerve L5, S1

151
Q

extensor digitorum longus - function

A

extension of lateral 4 toes and dorsiflexion

152
Q

fibularis tertius - origin

A

distal medial fibula

153
Q

fibularis tertius - insertion

A

dorsomedial base of metatarsal 5

154
Q

fibularis tertius - innervation

A

deep fibular nerve L5, S1

155
Q

fibularis tertius - function

A

dorsiflexion and eversion

156
Q

extensor digitorum brevis - origin

A

superolateral calcaneus

157
Q

extensor digitorum brevis - insertion

A

lateral sides of extensor digitorum longus tendon of toes 2 - 4

158
Q

extensor digitorum brevis - innervation

A

deep fibular nerve S1,2

159
Q

extensor digitorum brevis - function

A

extends toes 2-4

160
Q

extensor hallucis brevis - origin

A

superolateral calcaneus

161
Q

extensor hallucis brevis - insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of great toe

162
Q

extensor hallucis brevis - innervation

A

deep fibular nerve S1,2

163
Q

extensor hallucis brevis - function

A

extension of metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

164
Q

Abductor hallucis - origin

A

medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

165
Q

Abductor hallucis - insertion

A

medial base of proximal pahalax of great toe

166
Q

Abductor hallucis - innervation

A

medial plantar nerve (from tibial nerve) S1,2,3

167
Q

Abductor hallucis - function

A

abducts aand flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

168
Q

flexor digitorum brevis - origin

A

medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis

169
Q

flexor digitorum brevis - insertion

A

sides of plantar surface of middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes

170
Q

flexor digitorum brevis - innervation

A

medial plantar nerve (from tibial nerve) S1,2,3

171
Q

flexor digitorum brevis - function

A

flexes lateral 4 toes at proximal interphalangeal joint

172
Q

abductor digiti minimi - origin

A

lateral and medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

173
Q

abductor digiti minimi - insertion

A

lateral base of proximal phalanx of little toe

174
Q

abductor digiti minimi - innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve (from tibial nerve) S1,2,3

175
Q

abductor digiti minimi - function

A

abducts little tooe at metatarsophalangeal joint

176
Q

quadratus plantae - origin

A

medial calcaneus and lateral calcaneal tuberosity

177
Q

quadratus plantae - insertion

A

lateral side of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

178
Q

quadratus plantae - innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve (from tibial nerve) S1,2,3

179
Q

quadratus plantae - function

A

flexes toes 2-5

180
Q

lumbricals - origin

A

1st - medial side of tendon of flexor digitorum longusassociated with toe 2
2nd 3rd 4th - adjacent tendons of flexor digitorum longus (both sides)

181
Q

lumbricals - insertion

A

medial free margins of extensor hood toes 2-4

182
Q

lumbricals - innervation

A

1st - medial plantar nerve (S1,2,3)

2nd 3rd 4th - lateral plantar nerve (S2,3)

183
Q

lumbricals - function

A

flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint and extension of interphalangeal joint

184
Q

flexor hallucis brevis - origin

A

plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform, tendon of tibialis posterior

185
Q

flexor hallucis brevis - insertion

A

lateral and medial sides of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

186
Q

flexor hallucis brevis - innervation

A

medial plantar nerve S1,2

187
Q

flexor hallucis brevis - function

A

flex metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

188
Q

adductor hallucis - origin

A

transverse head - ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joint of lateral 3 toes
oblique head - base of metatarsal 2-4

189
Q

adductor hallucis - insertion

A

lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe

190
Q

adductor hallucis - innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve S2,3

191
Q

adductor hallucis - function

A

adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

192
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis - origin

A

base of metatarsal 5

193
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis - insertion

A

lateral base of proximal phalanx of little toe

194
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis - innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve S2,3

195
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis - function

A

flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

196
Q

dorsal interossei - origin

A

sides of adjacent metatarsals

197
Q

dorsal interossei - insertion

A

extensor hood and bases of proximal phalanges of toes 2-4

198
Q

dorsal interossei - innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve ( 1st and 2nd - also by deep fibular nerve S2,3)

199
Q

dorsal interossei - function

A

abduct toes 2-4 at metatarsophalangeal joint

200
Q

plantar interossei - origin

A

medial side of metatarsals 3-5

201
Q

plantar interossei - insertion

A

extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes 3-5

202
Q

plantar interossei - innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve S2,3

203
Q

plantar interossei - function

A

adduct toes 3-5 at metatarsophalangeal joint

Year 2 spot 2 - lower limb (1 decks)

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