Muscles

Question 1

Do tbs have a higher muscle mass?

Answer 1

Yes, 55% giving a better power to body mass ratio compared to other breeds.

Question 2

What are the 3 muscle types?

Answer 2

Smooth (involuntary)
Striated - skeletal muscle
Cardiac

Question 3

Skeletal muscle is made up of numerous muscle _____ which are made up of _____. Each muscle _____ is actually an elongated ____ ___.

Answer 3

Bundles
Fibres
Fibre
Muscle cell

Question 4

Blood is supplied to muscle through an extensive supply of______ that runs between fibres. In horses there are ____ to _____ capillaries per mm2

Answer 4

Capillary

200 -1000 mm2

Question 5

Skeletal muscle contacts user ____ _____

Answer 5

Motor nerves.

Question 6

A motor unit is____?

Answer 6

A nerve fibre and several muscle fibres that it supplies (innervates) .

Question 7

How many muscle fibres will one nerve fibre supply?

Answer 7

10-2000 muscle fibres.

Question 8

How many muscle fibres will a nerve supply when fine, precise movements are needed such as ____ and _____

Answer 8

As little as 10

Eyes, lips & ears.

Question 9

How many muscle fibres can a nerve supply when the movement isn’t precise, such as _____ and_____

Answer 9

As many as 2000 such as gastrocnemius & longissimus dorsi

Question 10

What is tone?

Answer 10

Tone exists to prepare muscle for contraction and to maintain posture.

Question 11

How tone achieved?

Answer 11

It’s where the muscle receive nerve impulses, even when not in use say around a few nerve impulses per second and is what crests a baseline (tone).

Question 12

Muscle wastage (atrophy) can results due to______ and/or _____

Answer 12

Immobilisation - nerve damage ie prevention of baseline of electrical stimulation.

Question 13

Atrophy can be corrected by ________ ______ ________

Answer 13

Increasing muscle activity and improving blood supply (massage / exercise) or controlled muscle stimulation by electro therapy

Question 14

Why warm up for muscle function?

Answer 14

Allows blood sufficient time for blood supply to reach muscle but warms it up by 1’c to work at optimum

Question 15

A single muscle may contain up to a_____ fibres

Answer 15

Million

Question 16

Structure

A muscle cell (ie fibre) is approximately _____ in diameter and can range from a few _____ to several ______

Answer 16

30-100 um

Mm cm

Question 17

Muscle fibre consists of;

Answer 17

Outer cell membrane (sarcolemma)
Nuclei (squeezed to edge of cell)
Glycogen graduals
Fat droplets
Red muscle pigment (myoglobin)
That stores oxygen & helps movement across the cell
Mitochondria
Hundreds of myofibrils made up of myofilaments made up of contractile protein

Question 18

There are around ____ muscles of the horse making up around _____ of its body mass

Answer 18

700 - 40-55%