Muscles

Question 1

Gluteal Maximus

Answer 1

origin: dorsal and lateral surface of sacrum, posterior part of ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: upper fibers –> iliotibial tract & lower fibers –> gluteal tubersity
innervation: inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
action: entire muscle –> extends and externally rotates
upper fibers–> abducts
lower fibers –> adducts

Question 2

Gluteal Medius

Answer 2

origin: gluteal surface of ilium below iliac crest
insertion: greater trochanter of femur (lateral surface)
innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
action: entire muscle abducts hip and stablizes pelvis
anterior part flexion and internal rotation
posterior part extension and external rotation

Question 3

Gluteal minimus

Answer 3

origin: gluteal surface of ilium below orgiin of gluteal medius
insertion: anterolateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
innervation: superior gluteal nerve L4-S1)
action: entire muscle abducts hip and stablizes hip
anterior part flexion and internal rotation
posterior part extension and external rotation

Question 4

Tensor Fasciae latae

Answer 4

origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: iliotibial tract
innervation: superior gluteal nerve L4-S1)
action: tenses the fascia latta
@hip joint: abduction, flexion, internal rotation

Question 5

Piriformis

Answer 5

origin: pelvic surface of sacrum
insertion: apex of greater trochanter of femur
innervation: direct branches from sacral plexus S1-S2
action: @hip external rotation, abduction, and extension, stablizes hip

Question 6

Obturator internus

Answer 6

origin: inner surface of obturator membrane
insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter
innervation: direct brnaces of sacral plexus L5-S1
action: external rotation, adduction, extension of hip joint

Question 7

Gamelli

Answer 7

origin: superior –> ischial spine
inferior: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter
innervation: direct branches of sacral plexus L5-S1
action: external rotation, adduction, extension at hip

Question 8

Quadratus femoris

Answer 8

origin: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur
innervation: direct branches of sacral plexus L5-S1
action: external rotation and adduction of hip joint

Question 9

Sartorius

Answer 9

origin: anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: medial to the tibial tuberosity
innervation: femoral nerve (L2-L3)
action: at hip flexion, abduction, external rotation
at knee: flexion and internal rotation

Question 10

Rectus Femoris

Answer 10

origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular roof of hip joint
insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4
action: at hip joint flexion
at knee extension

Question 11

Vastus medialis

Answer 11

origin: medial lip of linea aspera and intertrochanteric line
insertion: both side of tuberosity on the medial and lateral condyles via the medial and longitudinal patellar retinacula
innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4
action: knee extension

Question 12

Vastus lateralis

Answer 12

origin: lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral surface of greater trochanter
insertion: both sides of tuberosity on the medial and lateral condyles via the medial and longitudinal patellar retinacula
innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4
action: knee extension

Question 13

vastus intermedius

Answer 13

origin: anterior side of femoral shaft
insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4
action: knee extension and prevents entrapment of capsule

Question 14

pectineus

Answer 14

origin: pecten pubis
insertion: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera on femur
innervation: femoral and obturator nerve L2 L3
action: at hip adduction, external rotation and slight flexion

Question 15

adductor longus

Answer 15

origin: superior pubic ramus and anterior side of pubic symphysis
insertion: linea aspera and middle third of femur
innervation: obturator nerve L2-L4
action: at hip adduction and flexion to 70 degrees and extension past 80 degrees of flexion

Question 16

adductor brevis

Answer 16

origin: inferior pubis ramus
insertion: linea aspera and middle third of femur
innervation: obturator nerve L2-L3
action: at hip adduction, external rotation, and slight flexion
stablizes the pelvis on coronal plane

Question 17

Gracilis

Answer 17

origin: inferior pubis ramus below pubic symphysis
insertion: medial border of tibia tuberosity
innervation: obturator nerve L2-L3
action: at hip joint adduction and flexion
at knee joinnt flexion and internal rotation

Question 18

obturator externus

Answer 18

origin: outer surface of obturator membrane
insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur
innervation: obturator L3-L4
action: at hip adduction and external rotation

Question 19

adductor magnus

Answer 19

origin: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and ischial tuberosity
insertion: superficial part –> adductor tubercle of femus
deep part –> medial lip of linea aspera
innervation: superficial – tibial nerve L4
deep –> obturator L2-L4
action: at hip adduction, extension, and slight flexion