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Gross Anatomy Exam 4 > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

gluteus maximus origin

A

Sacrum (dorsal surface, lateral part)
ilium (gluteal surface, posterior part)
thoracolumbar fascia
sacrotuberus ligament

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2
Q

gluteus maximus insertion

A

upper fibers: iliotibial tract

lower fibers: gluteal tuberosity

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3
Q

gluteus maximus innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

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4
Q

gluteus maximus action

A

entire muscle: extends and externally rotates the hip (in sagittal and coronal planes)
upper fibers: abduction
lower fibers: adduction

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5
Q

gluteus medius origin

A

Ilium (gluteal surface below the iliac crest between the anterior and posterior gluteal line)

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6
Q

gluteus medius insertion

A

greater trochanter of the femur (lateral surface)

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7
Q

gluterus medius innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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8
Q

gluteus medius action

A

entire muscles: abducts the hop, stabilizes the pelvis (in coronal plane)
anterior part: flexion and internal rotation
posterior part: extension and external rotation

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9
Q

gluteus minimus origin

A

illium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)

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10
Q

gluteus minimus insertion

A

greater trochanter of the femur (anterolateral surface)

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11
Q

gluteus minimus innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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12
Q

gluteus minimus action

A

entire muscles: abducts the hip, stabilizes the pelvis (in coronal plane)
anterior part: flexion and internal rotation
posterior part: extension and external rotation

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13
Q

tensor fasciae latae origin

A

ASIS

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14
Q

tensor fasciae latae insertion

A

iliotibial tract (aka IT band)

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15
Q

tensor fasciae latae innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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16
Q

tensor fasciae latae action

A
  • tenses fascia lata

- hip joint: abduction, flexion, and internal rotation

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17
Q

piriformis origin

A

pelvic surface of the sacrum

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18
Q

piriformis insertion

A

apex of the greater trochanter of femur

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19
Q

piriformis innervation

A

direct branches from sacral plexus S1-S2

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20
Q

piriformis action

A
  • hip joint: external rotation, abduction, and extension

- stabilizes hip joint

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21
Q

obturator internus origin

A

inner surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundaries

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22
Q

obturator internus insertion

A

medial surface of the greater trochanter

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23
Q

obturator internus innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus

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24
Q

obturator internus action

A

external rotation,
adduction,
extension of hip joint (also active in abduction, depending on joint’s position)

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25
Q

gemelli origin

A
  • gemellus superior: ischial spine

- gemellus inferior: ischial tuberosity

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26
Q

gemelli insertion

A

jointly with obturator internus tendon (medial surface, greater trochanter)

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27
Q

gemelli innervation

A

superior: nerve to obturator internus
inferior: nerve to quadratis femoris

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28
Q

gemelli action

A

external rotation,
adduction,
extension of hip joint (also active in abduction, depending on joint’s position)

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29
Q

quadratus femoris origin

A

lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

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30
Q

quadratus femoris insertion

A

intertrochanteric crest of the femus

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31
Q

quadratus femoris innervation

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

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32
Q

quadratus femoris action

A

external rotation and adduction of hip joint

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33
Q

iliopsoas- psoas major origin

A

Superficial: T12-L4 and associated IV disks (lateral surfaces)
Deep: L1-L5 vertebrae (transverse processes)

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34
Q

iliopsoas-psoas major insertion

A

lesser trochanter

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35
Q

iliopsoas-psoas major innervation

A

direct branches from lumbar plexus (psoas) (L2-L4)

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36
Q

iliopsoas-psoas major action

A

-hip joint: flexion and external rotation
-lumbar spine: UNILATERAL contraction (with fixed femur) bends the spine to the same side
BILATERAL contraction raises the trunk from the supine position

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37
Q

iliopsoas- iliacus origin

A

iliac fossa

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38
Q

iliopsoas- iliacus insertion

A

lesser trochanter

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39
Q

iliopsoas-iliacus innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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40
Q

iliopsoas-iliacus action

A

-hip joint: flexion and external rotation
-lumbar spine: UNILATERAL contraction (with fixed femur) bends the spine to the same side
BILATERAL contraction raises the trunk from the supine position

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41
Q

sartorius origin

A

ASIS

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42
Q

sartorius insertion

A

medial to the tibial tuberosity

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43
Q

sartorius innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3)

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44
Q

sartorius action

A
  • hip joint: flexion, abduction, and external rotation

- knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

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45
Q

rectus femoris origin

A

AIIS

acetabular roof of hip joint

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46
Q

rectus femoris insertion

A

tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)

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47
Q

rectus femoris innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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48
Q

rectus femoris action

A

hip joint: flexion

knee joint: extension

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49
Q

vastus medialis origin

A 
linea aspera (medial lip)
intertrochanteric line (distal part)
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50
Q

vastus medialis insertion

A

tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

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51
Q

vastus medialis innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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52
Q

vastus medialis action

A

knee joint: extension

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53
Q

vastus lateralis origin

A 
linea aspera (lateral lips)
greater trochanter (lateral surface)
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54
Q

vastus lateralis insertion

A

tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

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55
Q

vastus lateralis innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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56
Q

vastus lateralis action

A

knee joint: extension

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57
Q

vastus intermedius origin

A

femoral shaft (anterior side)

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58
Q

vastus intermedius insertion

A

tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

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59
Q

vastus intermedius innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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60
Q

vastus intermedius action

A

knee joint: extension

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61
Q

pectineus origin

A

pectin pubis

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62
Q

pectineus insertion

A

femur (pectineal line and proximal linea aspera)

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63
Q

pectineus innervation

A 
femoral nerve
obturator nerve (L2, L3)
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64
Q

pectineus action

A
  • hip joint: adduction, external rotation, and slight flexion
  • stabilizes the pelvis in coronal and sagittal planes
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65
Q

obturator externus origin

A

outer surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundaries

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66
Q

obturator externus insertion

A

trochanteric fossa of the femur

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67
Q

obturator externus innervation

A

obturator nerve (L3, L4)

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68
Q

obturator externus action

A
  • hip joint: adduction and external rotation

- stabilizes the pelvis in sagittal plane

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69
Q

adductor longus origin

A

superior pubic ramus

anterior side of pubic symphysis

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70
Q

adductor longus insertion

A

femur (linea aspera, medial lip in the middle 1/3 of femur)

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71
Q

adductor longus innervation

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

72
Q

adductor longus action

A
  • hip joint: adduction and flexion (up to 70 degrees), extension (past 80 degrees of flexion)
  • stabilizes the pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane
73
Q

adductor brevis origin

A

inferior pubic ramus

74
Q

adductor brevis insertion

A

femur (linea aspera, medial lip in the superior 1/3 of the femur)

75
Q

adductor brevis innervation

A

obturator nerve (L2, L3)

76
Q

adductor brevis action

A
  • hip joint: adduction and flexion (up to 70 degrees), extension (past 80 degrees of flexion)
  • stabilizes the pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane
77
Q

adductor magnus origin

A

inferior pubic ramus
ischial ramus
ischial tuberosity

78
Q

adductor magnus insertion

A

(adductor) deep part “fleshy insertion”- medial lip of linea aspera
(hamstring) superficial part “tendinous insertion”-adductor tubercle of the femus

79
Q

adductor magnus innervation

A

deep part- obturator nerve (L2-L4)

superficial part- tibial nerve (L4)

80
Q

adductor magnus action

A

hip joint: adduction, extension, and slight flexion

stabilizes the pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane

81
Q

gracilis origin

A

inferior pubic ramus below the pubis symphysis

82
Q

gracilis insertion

A

tibia (medial to border of the tuberosity)

83
Q

gracilis innervation

A

obturator nerve (L2, L3)

84
Q

gracilis action

A

hip joint: adduction and flexion

knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

85
Q

biceps femoris- long head origin

A

ischial tuberosity

sacrotuberous ligament

86
Q

biceps femoris- long head insertion

A

head of fibula

87
Q

biceps femoris- long head innervation

A

tibial nerve (L5-S2)

88
Q

biceps femoris- long head action

A

hip joint: extends the hip; stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
knee joint: flexion and external rotation

89
Q

biceps femoris- short head origin

A

lateral lip of the linea aspera in the middle 1/3 of femur

90
Q

biceps femoris- short head insertion

A

head of fibula

91
Q

biceps femoris- short head innervation

A

common fibular nerve (L5-S2)

92
Q

biceps femoris- short head action

A

knee joint: flexion and external rotation

93
Q

semimembranosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

94
Q

semimembranosus insertion

A

medial tibial condyle
oblique popliteal ligament
popliteus fascia

95
Q

semimembranosus innervation

A

tibial nerve (L5-S2)

96
Q

semimembranosus action

A

hip joint: extends hip, stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane

knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

97
Q

semitendinosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

sacrotuberous ligament

98
Q

semitendinosus insertion

A

medial to the tibial tuberosity in the pes anserinus

99
Q

semitendinosus innervation

A

tibial nerve (L5-S2)

100
Q

semitendinosus action

A

hip joint: extends the hip, stabilizes the pelvis in sagittal plane
knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

101
Q

gastrocnemius origin

A

femur (medial and lateral epicondyles)

102
Q

gastrocnemius insertion

A

calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal (Achilles’) tendon

103
Q

gastrocnemius innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

104
Q

gastrocnemius action

A

talocrural joint: plantar flexion

knee joint: flexion

105
Q

popliteus origin

A

lateral femoral condyle

posterior horn of lateral meniscus

106
Q

popliteus insertion

A

posterior tibial surface (above origin at soleus)

107
Q

popliteus innervation

A

tibial nerve (L4-S1)

108
Q

popliteus action

A

knee joint: flexion and internal rotation [of the tibia] (stabilizes knee)

109
Q

plantaris origin

A

femur (lateral epicdonyle, proximal to lateral head of gastrocnemius)

110
Q

plantaris insertion

A

calcaneal tuberosity

111
Q

plantaris innervation

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

112
Q

plantaris action

A
  • negligable

- may prevent compression of posterior leg musculature during knee flexion

113
Q

tibialis anterior origin

A

Tibia (upper 2/3 of lateral surface)
IO membrane
superficial crural fascia (highest part)

114
Q

tibialis anterior insertion

A 
medial cuneiform (medial and plantar surface)
first metatarsal (medial base)
115
Q

tibialis anterior innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

116
Q

tibialis anterior action

A

Talocrural [ankle] joint: dorsiflexion

subtalar joint: inversion (supination)

117
Q

extensor hallucis longus origin

A

fibular (middle 1/3 of medial surface

IO membrane

118
Q

extensor hallucis longus insertion

A

1st toe (at dorsal aponeurosis and base of its distal phalanx)

119
Q

extensor hallucis longus innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

120
Q

extensor hallucis longus action

A

Talocrural joint: dorsiflexion
Subtalar joint: active in both eversion and inversion depending on initial position of food
Extends MTP and IP joints of big tow

121
Q

extensor digitorum longus origin

A

fibular (head and medial surface)
tibia (lateral condyle)
IO membrane

122
Q

extensor digitorum longus insertion

A

2nd to 5th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses at the base of distal phalanges)

123
Q

extensor digitorum longus innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

124
Q

extensor digitorum longus action

A

Talocrural joint: dorsiflexion
Subtalar joint: eversion
Extends the MTP and IP joints at the 2nd to 5th toes

125
Q

peroneus (fibularis) tertius origin

A

distal fibula (anterior border)

126
Q

peroneus (fibularis) tertius insertion

A

5th metatarsal (base)

127
Q

peroneus (fibularis) tertius innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

128
Q

peroneus (fibularis) tertius action

A

Talocrural joint: dorsiflexion

Subtalar joint: eversion

129
Q

fibularis longus origin

A

Fibula (head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface, arising partly form intermuscular septa

130
Q

fibularis longus insertion

A 
medial cuneiform (plantar side)
1st metatarsal (base)
131
Q

fibularis longus innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)

132
Q

fibularis longus action

A
  • Talocrural joint: plantar flexion
  • Subtalar joint: eversion
  • supports transverse arch of foot
133
Q

fibularis brevis origin

A

fibula (distal half of lateral surface)

intermuscular septa

134
Q

fibularis brevis insertion

A

5th metatarsal (tuberosity at the base)

135
Q

fibularis brevis innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)

136
Q

fibularis brevis action

A
  • talocrural joint: plantar flexion

- subtalar joint: eversion

137
Q

soleus origin

A

fibula (head and neck, posterior surface)

tibia (soleal line via a tendinous arch)

138
Q

soleus insertion

A

calcaneal tuberosity via the calcaneal (achilles’) tendon

139
Q

soleus innervation

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

140
Q

soleus action

A

talocrural joint: plantar flexion

141
Q

plantaris origin

A

femur (lateral epicondyle, proximal to lateral head of gastrocnemius)

142
Q

plantaris insertion

A

calcaneal tuberosity

143
Q

plantaris innervation

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

144
Q

plantaris action

A

negligible

145
Q

tibialis posterior origin

A

IO membrane

adjacent borders of tibia & fibula

146
Q

tibialis posterior insertion

A
  • navicular tuberosity
  • cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
  • 2nd to 4th metatarsals (bases)
147
Q

tibialis posterior innervation

A

tibial nerve (L4, L5)

148
Q

tibialis posterior action

A
  • talocrural joint: plantar flexion
  • subtalar joint: inversion
  • supports the longitudinal and transverse arches
149
Q

flexor digitorum longus origin

A

tibia (middle 1/3 of posterior surface)

150
Q

flexor digitorum longus insertion

A

2nd to 5th distal phalanges (bases)

151
Q

flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

tibial nerve (L5-S2)

152
Q

flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

tibial nerve (L5-S2)

153
Q

flexor digitorum longus action

A
  • talocrural joint: plantar flexion
  • subtalar joint: inversion
  • MTP and IP joints of 2nd to 5th toes: plantar flexion
154
Q

flexor hallucis longus origin

A

fibula (distal 2/3 of posterior surface)

adjacent IO membrane

155
Q

flexor hallucis longus insertion

A

1st distal phalanx (base)

156
Q

flexor hallucis longus innervation

A

tibial nerve (L5-S2)

157
Q

flexor hallucis longus action

A
  • Talocrural joint: plantar flexion
  • Subtalar joint: inversion
  • MTP and IP joints of 1st toe: plantar flexion
  • Supports the medial longitudinal arch
158
Q

abductor hallucis origin

A

calcaneal tuberosity (medial process)

159
Q

abductor hallucis insertion

A

1st toe (base of proximal phalanx via medial sesamoid)

160
Q

abductor hallucis innervation

A

medial plantar nerve (S1, S2)

161
Q

abductor hallucis action

A
  • 1st MTP joint- flexion and abduction of 1st toe

- Supports longitudinal arch

162
Q

flexor digitorum brevis origin

A
  • calcaneal tuberosity (medial tubercle)

- plantar aponeurosis

163
Q

flexor digitorum brevis insertion

A

2nd to 5th toes (sides of middle phalanges)

164
Q

flexor digitorum brevis innervation

A

medial plantar nerve (S1, S2)

165
Q

flexor digitorum brevis action

A
  • flexes the MTP and PIP joints of 2nd-5th toes

- supports longitudinal arch

166
Q

abductor digiti minimi origin

A
  • calcaneal tuberosity (medial tubercle)

- plantar aponeurosis

167
Q

abductor digiti minimi insertion

A
  • 5th toe (base of proximal phalanx)

- 5th metatarsal (at tuberosity)

168
Q

abductor digiti minimi innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)

169
Q

abdcutor digiti minimi action

A
  • flexes MTP joint of 5th toe
  • abducts the 5th toe
  • supports longitudinal arch
170
Q

quadratus plantae origin

A

calcaneal tuberosity (medial and plantar borders on plantar side)

171
Q

quadratus plantae insertion

A

flexor digitorum longus tendon (lateral border)

172
Q

quadratus plantae innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)

173
Q

quadratus plantae action

A

redirects and augments the pull of flexor digitorum longus

174
Q

lumbricles origin

A

flexor digitorum longus tendons (medial borders)

175
Q

lumbricles insertion

A

2nd-5th toes (at dorsal aponeurosis)

176
Q

lumbricles innervation

A

1st lumbrical: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

2nd-4th lumbrical: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Gross Anatomy Exam 4 (1 decks)

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