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Gross Anatomy Exam 4 > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Insertion of gluteus maximus

A

Upper fibers - iliotibial tract

Lower fibers - Gluteal tuberosity of femur

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2
Q

Innervation of gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

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3
Q

Action of gluteus maximus

A

Entire muscle: Extension and external rotation of hip in sagittal and coronal planes

Upper fibers: abduction
Lower fibers: adduction

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4
Q

Origin of gluteus medius

A

Ilium (Gluteal surface, between posterior and anterior gluteal lines, below iliac crest)

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5
Q

Insertion of gluteus medius

A

Greater trochanter of femur (lateral surface)

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6
Q

Innervation of gluteus medius

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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7
Q

Action of gluteus medius

A

Entire muscle: abduct hip, stabilize pelvis in coronal plane
Anterior: Flexion and internal rotation
Posterior: Extension and external rotation

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8
Q

Origin of gluteus minimus

A

Ilium (Gluteal surface, between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)

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9
Q

Insertion of gluteus minimus

A

Greater trochanter of femur (anterolateral surface)

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10
Q

Innervation of gluteus minimus

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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11
Q

Action of gluteus minimus

A

Entire muscle: Abduction of hip, Stabilizes pelvis in coronal plane
Anterior: Internal rotation and flexion
Posterior: External rotation and extension

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12
Q

Origin of tensor fascia latae

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

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13
Q

Insertion of tensor fascia latae

A

Iliotibial tract

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14
Q

Innervation of tensor fascia latae

A

Superior Gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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15
Q

Action of tensor fascia latae

A
  • Tenses fascia lata

- Hip joint: abduction, internal rotation, flexion

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16
Q

Origin of piriformis

A

Pelvic surface of sacrum

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17
Q

Insertion of piriformis

A

Apex of greater trochanter of femur

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18
Q

Innervation of piriformis

A

Direct branches from sacral plexus (S1-S2)

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19
Q

Action of piriformis

A

Hip joint: Abduction, external rotation, extension

-Stabilizes hip joint

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20
Q

Origin of obturator internus

A

Inner surface of obturator membrane and bony boundaries

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21
Q

Insertion of obturator internus

A

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

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22
Q

Innervation of obturator internus

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)

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23
Q

Action of obturator internus

A

Hip joint: External rotation, extension, adduction

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24
Q

Origin of Gemelli

A

Gemelli Superior - Ischial Spine

Gemelli Inferior - Ischial Tuberosity

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25
Q

Insertion of Gemelli

A

Jointly with obturator internus (medial surface of greater trochanter)

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26
Q

Innervation of gemelli

A

Superior gemelli - nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)

Inferior gemelli - nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)

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27
Q

Action of gemelli

A

Hip joint: External rotation, Extension, adduction

*Active in abduction depending on joint position

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28
Q

Origin of quadratus femoris

A

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

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29
Q

Insertion of quadratus femoris

A

Intertrochanteric crest of femur

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30
Q

Innervation of quadratus femoris

A

Direct branches of sacral plexus (L5-S1)

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31
Q

Action of quadratus femoris

A

Hip joint: external rotation and adduction

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32
Q

Origin of gluteus maximus

A
  • Sacrum (lateral, dorsal surface)
  • Ilium (Gluteal surface
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
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33
Q

Origin of sartorius

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

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34
Q

Insertion of sartorius

A

Medial to tibial tuberosity (As pes anserinus)

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35
Q

Innervation of sartorius

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L3)

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36
Q

Action of sartorius

A

Hip joint - flexion, abduction, external rotation

Knee joint - flexion, internal rotation

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37
Q

Origin of rectus femoris

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine, Acetabular roof of hip joint

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38
Q

Insertion of rectus femoris

A

Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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39
Q

Innervation of rectus femoris

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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40
Q

Action of rectus femoris

A

Hip joint: Flexion

Knee joint: Extension

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41
Q

Origin of vastus medialis

A

Linea aspera (medial lip), Intertrochanteric line (distal part)

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42
Q

Insertion of vastus medialis

A

Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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43
Q

Innervation of vastus medialis

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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44
Q

Action of vastus medialis

A

Knee joint - extension

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45
Q

Origin of vastus lateralis

A

Linea aspera (lateral lip), Greater trochanter (lateral surface)

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46
Q

Insertion of vastus lateralis

A

Tibial tuberosity (Via patellar ligament)

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47
Q

Action of vastus lateralis

A

Knee joint: extension

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48
Q

Origin of vastus intermedius

A

Femoral shaft (anterior side)

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49
Q

Insertion of vastus intermedius

A

Tibial tuberosity (Via patellar ligament)

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50
Q

Innervation of vastus intermedius

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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51
Q

Action of vastus intermedius

A

Knee joint - extension

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52
Q

Origin of pectineus

A

Pectin pubis

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53
Q

Insertion of pectineus

A

Pectineal line of femur, proximal linea aspera of femur

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54
Q

Innervation of pectineus

A

Femoral nerve, Obturator nerve (L2-L3)

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55
Q

Action of pectineus

A
  • Adduction, External rotation, slight flexion

- Stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal planes

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56
Q

Origin of Adductor Longus

A
  • Superior Pubic Ramus

- Anterior pubic symphysis

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57
Q

Insertion of adductor longus

A

Middle third of linea aspera ( on femur)

58
Q

Innervation of adductor longus

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

59
Q

Action of adductor longus

A

Hip joint: Adduction and flexion (up to 70 degrees)

  • Past 80 degrees of flexion –> Extension
  • Stabilize pelvis in coronal and sagittal planes
60
Q

Origin of adductor brevis

A

Inferior pubic ramus

61
Q

Insertion of adductor brevis

A

Superior third of linea aspera (of femur)

62
Q

Innervation of adductor brevis

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L3)

63
Q

Action of adductor brevis

A

Hip joint: Adduction and flexion (up to 70 degrees)

  • Extension (past 80 degrees of flexion)
  • Stabilize pelvis in sagittal and coronal planes
64
Q

Origin of gracilis

A

Inferior pubic ramus (below pubic symphysis)

65
Q

Insertion of gracilis

A

Medial to tibial tuberosity (As pes anserinus)

66
Q

Action of gracilis

A

Hip joint: Flexion and adduction

Knee joint: Flexion and internal rotation

67
Q

Origin of obturator externus

A

Outer surface of obturator membrane and bony boundaries

68
Q

Insertion of obturator externus

A

Trochanteric fossa of femur

69
Q

Innervation of obturator externus

A

Obturator nerve ( L3-L4)

70
Q

Action of obturator externus

A

Hip joint - adduction, external rotation

Stabilize pelvis in sagittal plane

71
Q

Origin of adductor magnus

A

Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus, Ischial tuberosity

72
Q

Insertion of adductor magnus

A

Deep: (Fleshy insertion) - Medial lip of linea aspera
Superficial: (Tendinous insertion) - Adductor tubercle of femur

73
Q

Innervation of adductor magnus

A

Deep - Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Superficial - Tibial nerve (L4)

74
Q

Action of Adductor magnus

A

Hip joint: Adduction, extension, slight flexion
**Tendinous insertion - internal rotation
Stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal planes

75
Q

Origin of semimembranosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

76
Q

Insertion of semimembranosus

A

Medial tibial condyle, Oblique popliteal ligament, Popliteus fascia

77
Q

Innervation of semimembranosus

A

Tibial nerve (L5-S2)

78
Q

Action of semimembranosus

A

Hip joint - extension, stabilize pelvis

Knee joint - flexion and internal rotation

79
Q

Origin of semitendinosus

A

Ischial tuberosity, Sacrotuberous ligament

80
Q

Insertion of semitendinosus

A

Medial to tibial tuberosity (As pes anserinus)

81
Q

Innervation of semitendinosus

A

Tibial nerve (L5-S2)

82
Q

Action of semitendinosus

A

Hip joint - Extension, stabilize pelvis

Knee joint - flexion and internal rotation

83
Q

Origin of Biceps femoris (Long Head)

A

Ischial tuberosity, Sacrotuberous Ligament

84
Q

Insertion of biceps femoris (long head)

A

Head of fibula

85
Q

Innervation of biceps femoris (long head)

A

Tibial nerve (L5-S2)

86
Q

Action of biceps femoris (long head)

A

Hip joint - extension, stabilize pelvis

Knee joint - flexion, external rotation

87
Q

Origin of biceps femoris (short head)

A

Lateral linea aspera (Middle 3rd of femur)

88
Q

Insertion of biceps femoris (short head)

A

Head of fibula

89
Q

Innervation of biceps femoris (short head)

A

Common fibular nerve (L5-S2)

90
Q

Action of biceps femoris short head

A

Knee joint - flexion, external rotation

91
Q

Origin of tibialis anterior

A
  • Tibia (upper 2/3 lateral surface)
  • Superficial crural fascia
  • Interosseus membrane
92
Q

Insertion of tibialis anterior

A
  • Medial cuneiform (medial and plantar surfaces)

- Base of 1st metatarsal

93
Q

Innervation of tibialis anterior

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)

94
Q

Action of tibialis anterior

A

Talocrural joint - dorsiflexion

Subtalar joint - inversion (supination)

95
Q

Origin of extensor hallucis longus

A

Middle 3rd of medial surface of fibula

96
Q

Insertion of extensor hallucis longus

A

Base of distal phalanx of toe and dorsal aponeurosis

97
Q

Innervation of extensor hallucis longus

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)

98
Q

Action of extensor hallucis longus

A

Talocrural joint - Dorsiflexion
Subtalar joint - Inversion and eversion
MTP and IP joints of toe - extension

99
Q

Origin of extensor digitorum longus

A
  • Lateral tibial condyle
  • Head and medial surface of fibula
  • interosseus membrane
100
Q

Insertion of extensor digitorum longus

A

Base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5, dorsal aponeurosis

101
Q

Innervation of extensor digitorum longus

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)

102
Q

Action of extensor digitorum longus

A

Talocrural joint - dorsiflexion
Subtalar joint - eversion (pronation)
MTP and IP joints of toes 2-5 - extension

103
Q

Origin of fibularis tertius

A

Distal fibula (anterior surface)

104
Q

Insertion of fibularis tertius

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

105
Q

Innervation of fibularis tertius

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4-L5)

106
Q

Action of fibular tertius

A

Talocrural joint - dorsiflexion

Subtalar joint - eversion

107
Q

Origin of fibularis longus

A
  • Head and proximal two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

- Intermuscular septa

108
Q

Insertion of fibularis longus

A

Medial cuneiform (plantar surface), Base of 1st metatarsal

109
Q

Innervation of fibularis longus

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5-S1)

110
Q

Action of fibularis longus

A

Talocrural joint - Plantarflexion
Subtalar joint - eversion
Supports transverse arch of foot

111
Q

Origin of fibularis brevis

A

Distal half of lateral surface of fibula, intermuscular septa

112
Q

Insertion of fibularis brevis

A

Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

113
Q

Innervation of fibularis brevis

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5-S1)

114
Q

Action of fibularis brevis

A

Talocrural joint - Plantarflexion

Subtalar joint - Eversion

115
Q

Origin of Gastrocnemius

A

Lateral head - Lateral epicondyle of femur

Medial head - Medial epicondyle of femur

116
Q

Insertion of gastrocnemius

A

Calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon)

117
Q

Innervation of gastrocnemius

A

Tibial nerve (S1-S2)

118
Q

Action of gastrocnemius

A

Talocrural joint - Plantarflexion

Knee joint - Flexion

119
Q

Origin of soleus

A

Fibula (head, neck, posterior surface)

Tibia (Soleal line via tendinous arch)

120
Q

Insertion of soleus

A

Calcaneal Tuberosity via calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)

121
Q

Innervation of soleus

A

Tibial nerve (S1-S2)

122
Q

Action of soleus

A

Talocrural joint - plantarflexion

123
Q

Origin of plantaris

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur (proximal to lateral head of gastrocnemius

124
Q

Insertion of plantaris

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

125
Q

Innervation of plantaris

A

Tibial nerve (S1-S2)

126
Q

Origin of tibialis posterior

A
  • Adjacent borders of tibia and fibula

- Interosseus membrane

127
Q

Insertion of tibialis posterior

A

Navicular tuberosity
Medial, Intermediate, Lateral cuneiform bones
Bases of 2-4th metatarsals

128
Q

Innervation of tibialis posterior

A

Tibial nerve (L4-L5)

129
Q

Action of tibialis posterior

A

Talocrural joint - plantarflexion
Subtalar joint - Inversion
-Supports transverse and longitudinal arches

130
Q

Origin of flexor digitorum longus

A

Middle 3rd of posterior surface of tibia

131
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum longus

A

Base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5

132
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum longus

A

Tibial nerve (L5-S2)

133
Q

Action of flexor digitorum longus

A

Talocrural joint - Plantarflexion
Subtalar joint - Inversion
MTP and IP Joints of toes 2-5 - flexion

134
Q

Origin of flexor hallucis longus

A

Distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, interosseus membrane

135
Q

Insertion of flexor hallucis longus

A

Base of distal phalanx of toe

136
Q

Innervation of flexor hallucis longus

A

Tibial nerve (L5-S2)

137
Q

Action of flexor hallucis longus

A

Talocrural joint - plantarflexion
Subtalar joint - inversion
MTP and IP joints of toe - flexion
*Supports medial longitudinal arch

138
Q

Origin of popliteus

A

Lateral femoral condyle, Posterior horn of lateral meniscus

139
Q

Insertion of popliteus

A

Posterior surface of tibia (above origin of soleus)

140
Q

Innervation of popliteus

A

Tibial nerve (L4-S1)

141
Q

Action of popliteus

A

Knee joint - flexion and internal rotation

142
Q

Innervation of gracilis

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L3)

Gross Anatomy Exam 4 (2 decks)

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