Muscles Flashcards
corrugator
eyebrows together
frontalis
raises the eyebrows
procerus
wrinkles nose
orbicularis oris
closes the mouth
zygomaticus
raises corners of mouth, superior lateral (real smile)
dilator nares
opens nostrils
compressor nares
closes nostrils
risorius
fake smile
levator labii superioris
raises upper lip
levator anguli oris
raises corner of mouth
depressor anguli oris
depress corner of mouth
depressor labii inferioris
depress lower lip
buccinator
compress cheeks
orbicularis oculi
closes the eye
levator palpebrae superioris
elevates eyelid
innervated by oculomotor CN III
muscles of facial expression innvervated by
facial nerve CN VII
sternocleidomastoid
O: sternal head - anterior surface of manubrium
clavicular head - medial 1/3 of clavicle
IN: lateral surface of mastoid process, lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line
INN: CN XI spinal accessory
A: flexes neck, extends head, ipsi side bend, contra rotation
splenius capitus
O: ligamentum nuchae
superior 6 thoracis vertebrae T1-T6
IN: mastoid process, superior nuchale line
INN: dorsal rami
A: ipsi head rotation & side bend
extend head & neck when acting together
scalenes
O: transverse processes C2-C6
IN: middle & anterior - rib 1
posterior - rib 2
INN: ventral rami
A: elevate ribs to aid in respiration
ipsi side bend head
contra rotate head
levator scapulae
O: posterior tubercle of 1st 4 transverse processes
IN: superior angle of scapula
INN: dorsal scapula nerve
A: in C-spine - ipsi side bend & rotation
in sagittal plane - tilt head back, head & neck extension
suprahyoids
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
digastric - INN - 2 CN (non-specified)
A: elevate the hyoid bone
infrahyoids
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid - INN CN XII
omohyoid
INN: ansa cervicalis
A: depress hyoid
iliopsoas
O: iliacus - iliac crest & fossa
psoas major - T12-L5
IN: lesser trochanter
INN: femoral nerve
A: hip flexion
sartorius
O: ASIS
IN: pes anserine
INN: femoral nerve
A: hip Flexion, ABduction, External Rotation (FABER)
tensor fascia lata (TFL)
O: ASIS, lateral aspect iliac crest
IN: iliotibial band (inserts on Gerdy’s tubercle)
INN: superior gluteal nerve
A: hip flexion, ABduction, internal rotation
rectus femoris
O: AIIS
IN: tibial tuberosity via patella tendon
INN: femoral nerve
A: extend knee, flex hip
vastus lateralis
O: lateral lip linear aspera
IN: tibial tuberosity via patella tendon
INN: femoral nerve
A: extend knee
vastus medialis
O: medial lip linear aspera
IN: tibial tuberosity via patella tendon
INN: femoral nerve
A: extend knee
vastus intermedius
O: anterior lateral shaft of femur
IN: tibial tuberosity via patella tendon
INN: femoral nerve
A: extend knee
pectineus
O: body of pubic bone (pectin pubis)
IN: pectineal line on proximal femur
INN: femoral OR obturator nerve
A: hi ADDuction, hip flexion
ADDuctor longus
O: superior pubic rami
IN: middle aspect of linea aspera (inferior to pectineus)
INN: obturator nerve
A: hip ADDuction, hip flexion OR extension
ADDuctor brevis
O: inferior pubic ramus
IN: pectineal line, proximal aspect of femur
INN: obturator nerve
A: hip ADDuction
ADDuctor magnus
O: anterior - inferior pubic ramus
posterior - ischial tuberosity
IN: distal end medial aspect femur, ADDuctor tubercle of femur
INN: obturator AND sciatic nerves
A: hip ADDuction, hip extension
gracilis
O: inferior pubic ramus
IN: superior medial aspect of tibia
INN: obturator nerve
A: hip ADDuction
synergist for knee flexion
obturator externus
O: obturator foramen
IN: trochanteric fossa on femur
INN: obturator nerve
A: hip external roation
femoral triangle
base - inguinal ligament lateral border - sartorius medial border - ADDuctor longus floor - lateral: iliopsoas; medial: pectineus roof - fascia lata
contents:
femoral vein, artery, nerve
gluteus maximus
O: sacrum, coccyx, posterior aspect of ilium
IN: posterior aspect of ITB
INN: inferior gluteal nerve
A: hip extension, hip external rotation
gluteus medius
O: posterior aspect of ilium
IN: lateral aspect of greater trochanter
INN: superior gluteal nerve
A: hip ABduction, hip internal rotation
gluteus minimus
O: posterior ilium
IN: anterior aspect of greater trochanter
INN: superior gluteal nerve
A: hip ABduction, hip internal rotation
piriformis
O: anterior sacrum
IN: superior aspect of greater trochanter
INN: nerve to piriformis
A: hip external rotation
superior gemellus
O: ischial spine
IN: medial aspect of greater trochanter
INN: nerve to obturator internus
A: hip external rotation
obturator internus
O: obturator foramen
IN: medial aspect of greater trochanter
INN: nerve to obturator internus
A: hip external rotation
inferior gemellus
O: ischial tuberosity
IN: medial aspect of greater trochanter
INN: nerve to quadratus femoris
A: hip external rotation
quadratus femoris
O: ischial tuberosity
IN: medial aspect of greater trochanter
INN: nerve to quadratus femoris
A: hip external rotation
semimembranosis
O: ischial tuberosity
IN: posterior medial tibia, medial meniscus
INN: sciatic nerve
A: hip extension, knee flexion
semitendinosis
O: ischial tuberosity
IN: pes anserine
INN: sciatic nerve
A: hip extension, knee flexion
biceps femoris
O: LH - ischial tuberosity
SH - posterior femur
IN: fibular head
INN: sicatic nerve
A: LH - hip extension, knee flexion
SH - knee flexion
popliteal fossa
superior lateral - biceps femoris
superior medial - semitendinosis, semimembranosis
inferior lateral - lateral gastrocnemius
inferior medial - medial gastrocnemius
contents: popliteal artery & vein tibial nerve common fibular nerve posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
tibialis anterior
O: lateral condyle tibia, proximal 1/2 shaft of tibia, interosseus membrane
IN: 1st metatarsal, medial aspect medial cuneiform
INN: deep fibular nerve
A: dorsiflexion, inversion
extensor digitorum longus
O: proximal 3/4 lateral surface of fibula, interosseus membrane
IN: 4 tendons - middle & distal phalanges digits 2-5
INN: deep fibular nerve
A: extend toes
extensor hallucis longus
O: middle 1/2 anterior fibula, interosseus membrane
IN: distal phalanx digit 1
INN: deep fibular nerve
A: extend big toe
fibularis tertiarius
O: lateral 1/3 fibula
IN: tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
INN: deep fibular nerve
A: dorsiflexion, eversion
fibularis longus
O: proximal 2/3 lateral aspect fibula
IN: 1st metatarsal, lateral aspect medial cuneiform
INN: superficial fibula nerve
A: eversion
synergist for plantar flexion
fibularis brevis
O: distal 2/3 fibula
IN: tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
INN: superficial fibula nerve
A: eversion
synergist for plantar flexion
gastrocnemius
O: medial - medial femoral condyle
lateral - lateral femoral condyle
IN: Achilles’ tendon
INN: tibial nerve
A: ankle - plantar flexion
knee - flexion
soleus
O: posterior aspect fibular including head, posterior medial border tibia
IN: Achilles’ tendon
INN: tibial nerve
A: plantar flexion
plantaris
O: oblique popliteal ligament
IN: Achilles’ tendon
INN: tibial nerve
A: plantar flexion
flexor hallucis longus
O: inferior posterior lateral surface fibula, interosseus membrane
IN: distal phalanx digit 1
INN: tibial nerve
A: flex big toe
synergist for plantar felxion
flexor digitorum longus
O: posterior surface tibia & fibula
IN: distal phalanges digits 2-5
INN: tibial nerve
A: flexes digits 2-5
assists with plantar flexion
tibialis posterior
O: posterior fibula, interosseus membrane, posterior aspect tibia inferior to soleal line
IN: metatarsal 1, navicular, cuboid, all cuneiforms, sometimes metatarsals 2, 3, 4
INN: tibial nerve
A: plantar flexion, inversion
popliteus
O: lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus
IN: posterior surface tibia superior to soleal line
INN: tibial nerve
A: unlocks knee, flexes knee
ABductor hallucis
O: medial tubercle calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
IN: medial aspect base of proximal phalanx digit 1
INN: medial plantar nerve
A: ABduct digit 1
assista with flexion digit 1
ABductor digiti minimi
O: medial/lateral tubercles of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
IN: lateral aspect base of proximal phalanx digit 5
INN: lateral plantar nerve
A: ABduct digit 5
helps flex digit 5
flexor digitorum brevis
O: medial tubercle calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
IN: both sides middle phalanges lateral 4 digits
INN: median plantar nerve
A: flexes digits 2-5
quadratus plantae
A: medial/lateral aspect plantar surface calcaneus
IN: tendons of FDL
INN: lateral plantar nerve
A: flexes digits 2-5 with FDL
lumbricals
O: tendons of FDL
IN: medial aspect extensor expansions digits 2-5
INN: L1 - medial plantar nerve
L2-L4 - lateral plantar nerve
A: flex MTP, extend IP
L1 - unipennate
L2-L4 - bipennate
flexor digiti minimi brevis
O: base of 5th metatarsal
IN: base proximal phalanx 5th digit
INN: lateral plantar nerve
A: flexes digit 5
flexor hallucis brevis
O: plantar surface cuboid, lateral cuneiform
IN: both sides bases proximal phalanx digit 1
INN: medial plantar nerve
A: flexes proximal phalanx digit 1
ADDuctor hallucis
O: oblique head, bases metatarsals 2-4, transverse head, ligaments of MTP
IN: tendons of both heads attach to lateral side base of proximal phalanx digit 1
INN: lateral plantar nerve
A: ADDucts digit 1
DABS
O: adjacent sides metatarsals 1-5
IN: D1 - medial side proximal phalanx digit 2
D2-D4 - lateral sides digits 2-4
INN: lateral plantar nerve
A: ABducts digits
flex MTP
PADS
O: medial sides metatarsals 3-5
IN: medial side bases proximal phalanges 3-5
INN: lateral plantar nerve
A: ADDucts digits
flex MTP
rectus abdominis
O: ribs 5, 6, 7
IN: pubic tubercle
INN: ventral rami T8/9-T10/11
A: trunk flexion
external abdominal oblique
O: lower 8 ribs
IN: ASIS, pubic tubercle via inguinal ligament (interdigitate with serratus anterior)
INN: ventral rami T8/9-T10/11
A: contra trunk rotation
internal oblique
O: inguinal ligament
IN: linea alba, lower 4-5 ribs
INN: ventral rami T8/9-T10/11
A: ipsi trunk rotation
transverse abdominis
O: deepest layers thoracolumbar fascia
INN: ventral rami T8/9-T10/11
A: compress & support abdominal viscera
