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Muscle Tissue > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

General functions of muscle tissue?

A
  • excitability
  • extensibility
  • elasticity
  • conductivity
  • contractility
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1
Q

Functions of muscle system?

A
  • movement
  • stability
  • posture
  • control of openings/passages
  • heat production
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2
Q

Agonist (prime mover)

A

Produces the most force during joint action

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3
Q

Synergist

A
  • aids the prime mover (PM)

* may stabilize a joint

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4
Q

Antagonist

A
  • Apposes the prime mover

* maintains some tension on joint to limit force of PM

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5
Q

Origin

A

Bony site of attachment that is stationery

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6
Q

Insertion

A

Attachment site that is more mobile

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7
Q

Action

A

The AFFECT produced by a muscle

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8
Q

Intrinsic

A

The origin and the insertion are in the same place

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9
Q

Extrinsic

A

Acts upon a designated region, but has its origin somewhere else

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10
Q

Kissing muscles?

A

Orbicularis oris

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11
Q

Longest muscle in body?

A

Sartorius

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12
Q

Which muscle plantar flexes foot?

How attached to heel?

A

Soleus-O:fibula/tibia. I:calcaneous

Gastrocnemius-O:condyles, popliteal surface. I:calcaneous

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13
Q

Direct muscle attachment?

A
  • appears to be little muscle separation

* collagen fibers between gap of muscle and bone

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14
Q

Indirect muscle attachment

A
  • muscle ends short of its bony destination

* bridged by a tendon

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15
Q

Muscle

A
  • EPIMYSIUM
  • Contractile organ
  • composed of fascicles
  • nerves/blood vessels
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16
Q

Fascicles

A
  • PERIMYSIUM

* bundles of muscle fibers

17
Q

Muscle Cell/tissue

A
  • ENDOMYSIUM
  • enclosed in sarcolemma
  • myofibrils
  • multiple nuclei
18
Q

Myofibrils

A
  • Z-discs
  • t-tubules
  • myofilaments (thin and thick)
  • surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum
19
Q

Sarcomere

A
  • thick and thin filaments

* contractile unit

20
Q

Myofilaments

A
  • contraction process

* myosin & actin•(slide over each other to shorten sarcomere)

21
Q

EPIMYSIUM

A

Surrounds entire muscle

Fibrous sheet

22
Q

PERIMYSIUM

A

Wraps muscle fibers into bundles of fascicles

Connective tissue

23
Q

ENDOMYSIUM

A

Surround EACH muscle fiber

Connective sheath

24
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Surrounds the muscle fiber (specialized plasma membrane)

25
Q

T-Tubules

A

Signals SR to release CA++

26
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of cell

27
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Surrounds each myofibrils

Reservoir Ca++ ions

28
Q

Myofibrils Functions

A
  • T-tubules: signal SR. To release Ca++
  • : releases Ca++
  • Z-disc: a segment of myofibril
  • myofilaments: myosin & actin
29
Q

Regulatory Proteins

A

Tropomyosin
Troponin

Ca++ ions released from SR and bind to troponin, releasing tropomyosin

30
Q

Contractile proteins

A

Myosin
Actin

Myosin attaches to the actin active site after the tropomyosin has been released

31
Q

Rigor Mortus

A
  • 3-4 hrs after death
  • Stiffening/hardening muscles
  • No ATP available to release cross-bridges
32
Q

Isometric INC

A

No change in length

Change in tension

33
Q

Isotonic ICN

A

Change in length

No change in tension

34
Q

Concentric

A

Muscle shortens as it maintains tension

35
Q

Eccentric

A

Muscle lengthens as it maintains tension

36
Q

Smooth muscle

A
  • does not move skeleton
  • walls of blood vessels, digestive tract, airways
  • involuntary movement
37
Q

Skeletal muscle

A
  • voluntary
  • attached by tendons to skeleton
  • attaching bone to bone
38
Q

Recruitment of motor units?

A

Activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in Contractile strength in a muscle

Motor Unit=one motor neuron+muscle fibers

39
Q

Muscle Fiber

A
  • A single muscle cell enclosed in sarcolemma and is multinucleated
  • contains bundles of myofibrils

Muscle Tissue (1 decks)

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