Muscles Flashcards
1
Q
Transverse means?
A
Perpendicular to the midline
2
Q
True or False
You can have multiple insertions?
A
False
You can have multiple origins but only one insertion
3
Q
What happens to the origin and insertion during contractions?
A
The origin does not move but the insertion does
4
Q
What is a synergistic?
A
It steadies a movement
5
Q
What is an antagonist?
A
It stretches to accommodate the primary mover
6
Q
What do superficial back/trunk muscles act on?
A
The shoulders
7
Q
What do deep back/trunk muscles do?
A
The extend the trunk and rotate the vertebral column
8
Q
What do anterior back/trunk muscles do?
A
Form the anterior wall of the abdomen and support the viscera
9
Q
Where does the Trapezius originate?
A
The occipital bone, superior nuchal line, and spinous process of C1-T12
10
Q
Where does the trapezius insert?
A
From the acromion to the spine of the scapula and clavicle
11
Q
What does the Trapezius do?
A
It lifts the shoulder up and back
12
Q
Where does the latissium Doris originate?
A
From spines T7-L5, ribs 9-12 and the iliac and sacral crests
13
Q
Where does the Latissimus Doris insert?
A
The bicipital groove of the humerus
14
Q
What makes the Latissimus Doris unique?
A
It is the widest muscle in the human body
15
Q
What does the Latissimus Doris do?
A
It causes internal rotation of the shoulder
16
Q
Where does the Levator Scapula originate?
A
The transverse processes of C1-C4
17
Q
Where does the Levator Scapula insert?
A
The superior angle of the scapula
18
Q
Where do the Rhomboid major and minor originate?
A
The spines of C7-T5
19
Q
Where do the Rhomboids Major and Minor insert?
A
The medial/ vertebral border of the scapula
20
Q
What do the Rhomboids Major and Minor do?
A
The draw the shoulders back
21
Q
How do you strengthen the Rhomboids Major and Minor?
A
Rows
22
Q
What happens to the Rhomboids Major and Minor when you raise your arms?
A
The stretch laterally
23
Q
Where does the Teres Major originate?
A
The inferior angle of the scapula
24
Q
Where does the Teres Major insert?
A
The medial part of the bicipital groove
25
What does the Teres Major do?
Causes internal rotation of the shoulder
26
What 3 muscles from the Erector Spinae?
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
27
What muscles make up the largest mass of all the back muscles?
The Erector Spinae
28
What to the Erector Spinae do?
Primary extenders of the vertebral column and help maintain the lumbar lordotic curve. They also control flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation
29
Where does the Pectoralis Major insert?
The greater tubercle
30
Where does the Deltoid insert?
The deltoid tuberosity
31
Where does the Pectoralis Minor originate?
Ribs 2-5
32
Where does the Pectoralis Minor insert?
The coracoid process
33
Where does the Serratus Anterior originate?
Ribs 1-8
34
Where does the Serratus Anterior insert?
The medial border and inferior angle of the scapula
35
What innervates the the Serratus Anterior muscle?
The long thoracic nerve?
36
What happens if the long thoracic nerve is damaged?
Leads to weakening of the Serratus Anterior muscle which leads to “winging” of the scapula
37
Where do the External Intercostal muscles originate?
The inferior border of the rib above
38
Where do the External Intercostal muscles insert?
The superior border of the rib below
39
What do the External Intercostal muscles do?
They elevate the ribs / expand the thoracic cavity during inspiration
40
Where do the Internal Intercostal muscles originate?
The superior border of the rib below
41
Where do the Internal Intercostal muscles insert?
The inferior border of the rib above
42
True or False
The Internal Intercostal muscles draw the ribs together during expiration
False
The only draw the ribs down during forced expiration
43
What is the Diaphragm responsible for?
75% of breathing
44
What are the 3 major openings of the Diaphragm?
The Aortic Hiatus at T12
The Esophageal Hiatus at T10
The Caval Hiatus at T8
45
Where does the Diaphragm originate?
The Xiphoid process, ribs 7-12, and lumbar spine
46
Where does the Diaphragm insert?
The Central Tendon
47
What are signs of COPD or Emphysema?
Barrel chested
Flat diaphragm
Difficulty breathing
48
Where do the External Oblique abdominal muscles originate?
Ribs 5-12
49
Where do the External Oblique abdominal muscles insert?
The Linea Alba and Iliac crest
50
True or false
The external Oblique abdominal muscles are the outer most layer of abdominal muscles?
True
51
Where to the Internal Oblique abdominal muscles originate?
The Iliac crest, Inguinal Ligament, Thoracolumbar Fascia
52
Where do the Internal Oblique abdominal muscles insert?
The cartilage of ribs 7-10 and Linea Alba
53
What layer or abdominal muscles are the Internal Oblique abdominal muscles?
The second layer
54
Where do the Transverse Abdominis originate?
The cartilage of the lower ribs, iliac crest, and lumbar fascia
55
Where do the Transverse Abdominis insert?
The Linea Alba, Xiphoid, and pubis
56
What layer of abdominal muscles are the Transverse Abdominis?
The third and deepest layer
57
What do the Rectus Abdominis do?
They depress the ribs and flex the vertebral column
58
Where do the Rectus Abdominis originate?
The superior pubis
59
Where do the Rectus Abdominis insert?
The inferior surface of the costal cartilage and the Xiphoid process
60
What layer of abdominal muscles are the Rectus Abdominis?
The are the medial layer and medial to the Internal Oblique Abdominal muscles
61
What creates the appearance of a “6 pack”?
The Rectus Abdominis muscles grow in size but the Linea Alba and Tendinous Intersection do not
62
What does Vastus mean?
Huge
63
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
64
Where does the supraspinatus originate?
The supraspinous fossa
65
Where does the supraspinatus insert?
The greater tuberosity
66
Where does the Infraspinatus originate?
The intrastinous fossa
67
Where does the Infraspinatus insert?
The greater tuberosity
68
Where does the Teres Minor originate?
The lateral border of the scapula
69
Where does the Teres minor insert?
The greater tuberosity
70
Where does the subscapularis originate?
The subscapularis fossa
71
Where does the subscapularis insert?
The lesser tuberosity
72
What does the supraspinatus do?
Lifts the shoulder and initiates shoulder abduction
73
What does the Infraspinatus and Teres minor do?
External rotation of the shoulder
74
What does the subscapularis do?
Medial rotation?
75
What do the rotator cuff muscle work together to accomplish?
Stabilize and strengthen the shoulder
76
Where does the Biceps Brachii long head originate?
The superior part of the glenoid/ labrum
77
What is a SLAP lesion?
Superior Labrum tear from Anterior to Posterior
78
Where does the Bicep Brachii long head insert?
The radial tuberosity
79
Where does the Bicep Brachii short head originate?
The coracoid process
80
Where does the Bicep Brachii short head insert?
The radial tuberosity
81
What is the most powerful flexor of the elbow joint?
Brachialis
82
Where does the Brachialis originate from?
The distal anterior surface of the humerus
83
Where does the Brachialis insert?
The ulcer tuberosity and coronoid process
84
Where does the Brachioradialis originate?
The lateral, distal humerus
85
Where does the Brachioradialis insert?
Superior to the radial styloid process
86
What muscles make up the forearm flexors?
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
87
What muscles make up the forearm extensors?
The Triceps Brachii
(Long head, lateral head, medial head)
88
Where does the Tricpes Brachii long head originates?
Infraglenoid tubercle
89
Where does the Tricpes Brachii insert?
Olecranon
90
Where does the triceps Brachii lateral head originate?
Lateral and posterior part of the humerus
91
Where does the triceps Brachii medial head originates?
The posterior humerus
92
Where do the anterior compartment of the superficial muscles of the forearm originate?
The medial epicondyle of the humerus
93
Where to the anterior compartment of the superficial muscles of the forearm insert?
On the carpals and metacarpals
94
What do the anterior compartment of the superficial muscles of the forearm do?
The are forearm flexors
95
Overuse of forearm flexors can lead to what?
Medial epicondylitis (also called golfer’s elbow)
96
Where do the posterior compartment of the muscles of the forearm originate?
The lateral epicondyle of the humerus
97
Where do the posterior compartment of the forearm insert?
The carpals and metacarpals
98
What do the posterior compartment of the forearm muscles do?
Forearm extensors
99
What does overuse of the forearm extensors cause?
Lateral epicondylitis (also called tennis elbow)
100
What muscles make up the Iliocus muscle?
Psoas Major
Iliacus
101
What does the iliopsoas muscle do?
Maintain posture
102
Where does the psoas major and iliocus muscle insert?
Lesser trochanter
103
Where does the psoas major muscle originate?
T12
104
Where does the iliocus originate?
Sacrum and iliac fossa
105
What does the sartorial muscle do?
Aids in flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the hip
106
Where does the sartorius muscle originate?
ASIS
107
When the sartorius muscle tears the ASIS how do you image it?
Patient supine and on a 45 degree oblique with the effected side down
108
What 5 medial thigh muscles control hip abduction?
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus
Adductors Brevis
Pectineus
Gracilis
109
What do the Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, pectineus, and gracilis do?
The adductor the hip
110
Where do the hip adductors originate?
The pubic bone
111
