Muscles

Question 1

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 1

It’s specialized to convert chemical energy into kinetic energy

Question 2

All muscles will ______ in order to cause movement

Answer 2

Contract

Question 3

What is muscle contraction?

Answer 3

the tightening, shortening or lengthening of muscles when you do some activity

Question 4

Describe smooth muscle cells,

Answer 4

Non-striated, 1 nucleus, contracts involuntarily, is found in the walls of internal organs

Question 5

Describe Cardiac Muscle Cells

Answer 5

Striated, tubular and branched, 1 nucleus, contracts involuntarily, found in the walls of the heart.

Question 6

Describe Skeletal Muscle Cells

Answer 6

Striated & tubular, contracts voluntarily, usually attached to bones, contain multiple nucleus.

Question 7

Why does the Skeletal Muscle Cells contain multiple nucleus?

Answer 7

They move fast, have aWh harder workload, and more nucleus = more energy made.

Question 8

What is sarcolemma?

Answer 8

The muscle fibre membrane

Question 9

What is the muscle hierarchy structure

M > MFB > MF > MYFB > MYOF

Answer 9

Muscle > Muscle-Fibre Bundle > Muscle Fibre > Myofibrills > Myofilaments.

Question 10

Myofilaments are made up of two proteins:

Answer 10

Actin: two strands of beads wrapped around each other

Myosin: long protein strands with a distinct globular end

Question 11

What is required for muscle contraction?

Answer 11

Calcium Ions

Question 12

______ on myosin heads are typically blocked by _______

Answer 12

binding sites, tropomyosin

Question 13

What moves tropomyosin out of the way for actin and myosin to form a cross bridge?

Answer 13

Calcium Ions and Troponin

Question 14

When Calcium Ions+ moves down in the sarcoplasm what happens?

Answer 14

The tropomyosin molecules move out of the way, exposing the myosin binding sites on the actin filament

Question 15

When calcium ions moves up in the sarcoplasm what happens?

Answer 15

“troponin complex” forms that regulates muscle contraction

Question 16

What is the 1st energy source for muscle contraction

Answer 16

Creatine Phosphate Breakdown

creatine phosphate(adp) > creatine(atp)

Question 17

What is the 2nd energy source for Muscle Contraction

Answer 17

Aerobic Respiration

glucose + o2 (adp) > co2 + h2o(ATP)

Question 18

What is the 3rd energy source for muscle contraction

Answer 18

Fermentation

glucose(adp) > lactate (Atp)

Question 19

What are flexor muscles and what’s an example

Answer 19

muscles that decrease the angle between bones on two sides of a joint, as in bending the elbow or knee

Question 20

What are extensor muscles and what’s an example?

Answer 20

muscles that increase the angle between members of a limb, as by straightening the elbow or knee or bending the wrist or spine backward

Question 21

What is produced as a result of increased muscle activity during exercise?

Answer 21

Heat

Question 22

The A-Band of sarcomere contains dark striations or stripes. These striations come from the apperance of?

Answer 22

Overlapping bands of actin and myosin

Question 23

What structure is found at the ends of each sarcomere?

Answer 23

Z-line

Question 24

A video of a sarcomere reveals the sarcomere moving closer together. What is occurring?

Answer 24

The actin fibers are moving closer together, contracting the muscle.

Question 25

What makes fermentation only last for 2-3 minutes?

Answer 25

Because cramping occurs due to the build up of lactic acid.

Question 26

Are ATP Levels low or high during muscle fatigue?

Answer 26

Low

Question 27

Are Lactic Acid levels high or low during muscle fatigue

Answer 27

High

Question 28

the coordinated actions of two types of myofilaments, actin and myosin, result in muscle contraction. When the muscle is in a relaxed state, the myosin heads are ready to bind with the actin filament. However they can't bind because

Answer 28

Troponin and Tropomyosin block the binding site