MUSCLES Flashcards

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1
Q

extrafusal muscle fiber

A

big fibers, that make movement possible. Firing rate of alpha motor neurons determine strenght of contraction

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2
Q

intrafusal muscle fiber

A

sensory information to CNS about lenght of muscle. Use gamma motor neurons

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3
Q

golgi tendon organ

A

stretch or tension

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4
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

compression during contraction

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5
Q

free nerve endings

A

waste products after period of contraction

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6
Q

myofibrils

A

make muscle contraction possible

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7
Q

alpha motor neurons

A

spread acetylcholine on the muscle, calcium channels will open

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8
Q

myosin and actin

A

displacement of myosin relative to actin resulting in muscle contraction

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9
Q

monosynaptic stretch reflex

A

automatic contraction in response to a certain stretch, only one synapse is encountered

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10
Q

inhibition of alpha neuron

A

by golgi tendon organ, prevents excessive tension on muscle

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11
Q

medial side

A

movement of lower limbs

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12
Q

lateral side

A

hands and then face

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13
Q

motor homunculus

A

size of limbs indicate the amount of mort cortex involved

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14
Q

corticospinal tract

A

motor pathway carries efferent information from cerebral cortex tot he spinal cord to muscles

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15
Q

lateral group pathways

A

for independent limb movements

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16
Q

ventromedial group

A

for balance and walking

17
Q

red line

A

cerebellum receives information on planned movements from cortex via pontine nucleus

18
Q

blue line

A

cerebellum sends info on which muscles via dentate nucleus and thalamus to cortex and red nucleus

19
Q

damage cerebellum

A

problem with timing muscles results in tremor

20
Q

supplementary motor are (SMA)

A

plan specific movement sequence such as typing, piano, riding a bike. medial side of the cortex

21
Q

premotor cortex

A

planning of all kinds of movements, plannng to pick something up

22
Q

parietal lobe in higher order processing

A

perception and sensation

23
Q

Parietal reach region (PRR)

A

reaching to object

24
Q

anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS)

A

grabbing object

25
Q

damage to parietabl lobe leads to (2)

A
  1. limb apraxia (left lobe): use wrong body parts, wrong sequence of moving
  2. constructional appraxia (right lobe): problems with copying figures, building larger objects from smaller elements.
26
Q

basal ganglia 3 nuclei

A

caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

27
Q

direct path

A

promotes movement plans of the motor cortex

28
Q

direct path pathway

A

cortex activates caudate nucleus and putamen, more firing, more inhibition of globus pallidus, less firing, thalamus more active, excitatory activation to the cortex, positive feedback loop

29
Q

indirect path

A

inhibits movement plans of motor cortex

30
Q

indirect path pathway

A

cortex activates caudate nucleus and putamen, more firing, more inhibition of globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus more active, thalamus more inhibited, less excitatory activation, negative feedback loop

31
Q

D1 dopamine receptor

A

open sodium channels, more inclined to fire, excite direct path

32
Q

D2 dopamine receptor

A

open chloride channels, resting potential more negative, less firing, inhibit indirect path