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MA > muscles > Flashcards

muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of muscles

A

smooth
cardiac
skeletal

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2
Q

which of the 3 different types of muscles are under voluntary control?

A

skeletal

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3
Q

which of the 3 types of muscle are Not striated?

A

smooth

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4
Q

smooth muscle has 2 different muscle arrangements. What are the names of the 2 layers and how do they look?

A

Deep=always circular
Superficial=always longitudinal

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5
Q

where is smooth muscle located?

A

walls of hallow organs

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6
Q

what is the wrapping that surrounds a whole muscle called?

A

epimysium

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7
Q

what is the wrapping that surrounds a single muscle cell called?

A

endomysium

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8
Q

what is the wrapping that surrounds a bundle of muscle cells called?

A

perimysium

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9
Q

what is the flat sheet of a tendon called

A

aponeurosis

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10
Q

what is the sarcolemma?

A

plasma membrane of muscle cell

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11
Q

what is the sarcoplasm?

A

cytoplasm of muscle cell

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12
Q

what are the Myofibrils?

A

rods of cytoskeletal protein in the sacroplasma

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13
Q

how many myofibrils are in the muscle cell

A

10^5

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14
Q

what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum hold

A

Ca++

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15
Q

what is a T-tubule?

A

deep invagination of the sarcolemma

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16
Q

myofibrils are broken down into 5 small regions called?

A

sarcomeres

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17
Q

what are the 5 different regions

A

A-band
M-line
I-band
z-disc
H-zone

18
Q

what is the meaning on an action potential?

A

electrical current

19
Q

what neurotransmitter is released by the motor neuron?

A

Acetylcholine

20
Q

what two types of cations these channels?

A

Na+,k+

21
Q

skeletal muscle cells have a resting voltage of?

A

-70mv

22
Q

what cation entry moves the voltage of?

A

Na+

23
Q

what does the voltage move to with its entry?

A

0mv

24
Q

spread across and down what two structures?

A

sarcolemma-across
T-tubes-Down

25
Q

what is toxemia?

A

Bacterial toxins in the blood

26
Q

there are 2 types toxemia-what are they ,what causes them,and what is the result on the body?

A

tetanus toxin-causes a rigid paralysis-stimulates acetylcholine receptors.
Batuism toxin- prevents acetylcholine release- causes limp paralysis.

27
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is what type of disorder?

A

autoimmune disorder

28
Q

what is happening with gravis?

A

the body produces antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors.

29
Q

what are the three types of muscle cell metabolism?

A

Aerobic
anaerobic
creatin phosphate

30
Q

what is the meaning of metabolism?

A

pathaways used to produce ATP,chemical reactions in the body cells that change food to energy.

31
Q

how many phosphate groups are in ATP?

A

3

32
Q

how many phosphate groups are in ADP?

A

2

33
Q

what is the meaning of ADP?

A

Adenosine Diphaosphate

34
Q

what is the meaning of ATP?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

35
Q

which is greater(ADP vs. ATP)?

A

ATP

36
Q

what enzyme is created what a creatine takes a phosphate away from and ADP group?

A

creatine kinase

37
Q

when a creatine transfers a phosphate to produce and ATP how many seconds of energy is produced?

A

15 seconds

38
Q

what is the formula for glucose?

A

C6H12O6

39
Q

what is the chemical equation that completely oxidizes glucose?

A

C6H12+6C02–6CO2+6H20

40
Q

the most efficient metabolism creates about how much ATP

A

32

41
Q

how much ATP is made during heavy exercise?

A

1 or 2 ATP

MA (1 decks)

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