muscles Flashcards
what are the 3 types of muscles
smooth
cardiac
skeletal
which of the 3 different types of muscles are under voluntary control?
skeletal
which of the 3 types of muscle are Not striated?
smooth
smooth muscle has 2 different muscle arrangements. What are the names of the 2 layers and how do they look?
Deep=always circular
Superficial=always longitudinal
where is smooth muscle located?
walls of hallow organs
what is the wrapping that surrounds a whole muscle called?
epimysium
what is the wrapping that surrounds a single muscle cell called?
endomysium
what is the wrapping that surrounds a bundle of muscle cells called?
perimysium
what is the flat sheet of a tendon called
aponeurosis
what is the sarcolemma?
plasma membrane of muscle cell
what is the sarcoplasm?
cytoplasm of muscle cell
what are the Myofibrils?
rods of cytoskeletal protein in the sacroplasma
how many myofibrils are in the muscle cell
10^5
what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum hold
Ca++
what is a T-tubule?
deep invagination of the sarcolemma
myofibrils are broken down into 5 small regions called?
sarcomeres
what are the 5 different regions
A-band
M-line
I-band
z-disc
H-zone
what is the meaning on an action potential?
electrical current
what neurotransmitter is released by the motor neuron?
Acetylcholine
what two types of cations these channels?
Na+,k+
skeletal muscle cells have a resting voltage of?
-70mv
what cation entry moves the voltage of?
Na+
what does the voltage move to with its entry?
0mv
spread across and down what two structures?
sarcolemma-across
T-tubes-Down
what is toxemia?
Bacterial toxins in the blood
there are 2 types toxemia-what are they ,what causes them,and what is the result on the body?
tetanus toxin-causes a rigid paralysis-stimulates acetylcholine receptors.
Batuism toxin- prevents acetylcholine release- causes limp paralysis.
Myasthenia Gravis is what type of disorder?
autoimmune disorder
what is happening with gravis?
the body produces antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors.
what are the three types of muscle cell metabolism?
Aerobic
anaerobic
creatin phosphate
what is the meaning of metabolism?
pathaways used to produce ATP,chemical reactions in the body cells that change food to energy.
how many phosphate groups are in ATP?
3
how many phosphate groups are in ADP?
2
what is the meaning of ADP?
Adenosine Diphaosphate
what is the meaning of ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
which is greater(ADP vs. ATP)?
ATP
what enzyme is created what a creatine takes a phosphate away from and ADP group?
creatine kinase
when a creatine transfers a phosphate to produce and ATP how many seconds of energy is produced?
15 seconds
what is the formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
what is the chemical equation that completely oxidizes glucose?
C6H12+6C02–6CO2+6H20
the most efficient metabolism creates about how much ATP
32
how much ATP is made during heavy exercise?
1 or 2 ATP
