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BMS100 Palpation Exam > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Erector Spinae Group (3) from lateral to medial: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis (ILS)

A

Origin: BROAD tendon which originates at the posterior part of the iliac crest, posterior sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, and sacral & lumbar spinous processes (SPs)

Insertion: spinous processes (SPs) in the thoracic and cervical region, angles of ribs and cervical and thoracic transverse processes (TVPs), and longissimus extending up into the mastoid process of the occiput

Actions: bilaterally extends the spine & unilaterally laterally flexes the spine (ipsilateral) - same side

Nerve Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: manubrium of the sternum & medial clavicle

Insertion: mastoid process & lateral half of superior nuchal line

Actions: bilaterally: extends head and neck, flexes the neck, and elevation of sternum & clavicle during forced inhalation + unilaterally laterally flexes head & neck, contralaterally rotates head & neck

Nerve Innervation: spinal accessory Nerve

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3
Q

Scalene Muscle Group ( 3: Anterior, Middle, Posterior)

A

Origin: transverse processes of C3 - C7

Insertion: anterior & middle insert on 1st rib, posterior inserts on 2nd rib

Actions: all 3- anterior, middle, and posterior flex the neck laterally, anterior & middle elevate the 1st rib during forced inhalation, posterior elevates the 2nd rib during forced inhalation

Nerve Innervation: ventral rami of the cervical spinal nerves c3-c8

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4
Q

Temporalis (mastication)

A

Origin: temporal fossa and temporal fascia

Insertion: coronoid process & anterior border of the ramus of the mandible

Actions: elevation & retraction of the mandible

Nerve Innervation: mandibular nerve

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5
Q

Masseter (mastication)

A

Origin: zygomatic arch

Insertion: lateral surface of the ramus of mandible

Action: elevation & protraction of the mandible

Innervation: mandibular nerve

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6
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

Origin: pubic crest and symphysis pubis

Insertion: xiphoid process, cartilage of ribs 5,6,7

Action: flexes the trunk at the spinal joints, allows for posterior pelvic tilt (stick butt in), also compresses abdominal contents

Innervation: intercostal nerves T6-T12 (6 pack)

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7
Q

External Abdominal Oblique Muscle

A

Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12

Insertion: linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest

Action: Flexes the trunk, contralaterally rotates the trunk, compresses abdominal muscles

Innervation: intercostal nerves T7-T12

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8
Q

Rhomboid Major & Minor

A

Origin: R Minor is the spinous processes of C7 and T1 & R Major is spinous processes of T2 - T5

Insertion: medial border of scapula at the root of the spine & the medial border of scapula inferior to the spine

Action: (same for both) retracts the scapula, elevates the scapula, and downwardly rotates the scapula

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

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9
Q

Trapezius (Traps): Upper, Middle, Lower

A

Origin: Upper attaches on the external occipital protuberance and medial superior nuchal line & spinous process of C7,
Middle is the SPs of T1 - T5, Lower is SPs of T6 - T12

Insertion: (all three together) lateral ⅓ of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Action: Upper (strongest) extends and laterally flexes the head and neck, contralaterally rotates the head and neck, elevates the scapula, and upwardly rotates scapula. Middle retracts the scapula. Lower (weakest) upwardly rotates scapula and depresses scapula.

Innervation: spinal accessory nerve

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10
Q

Latissimus Dorsi - “swimmers muscle”

A

Origin: spinous processes of T7 -L5, crests of ilium and sacrum, lowest 4 ribs via the thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus (anterior humerus)

Action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm + anterior pelvic tilt

Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

Pectoralis Major (Pec Major) - 2 HEADS = 2 N

A

Origin:
Clavicular head (superior fibres): medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal head (inferior fibres): sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1-7

Insertion: lateral edge of bicipital groove in humerus

Action: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm + horizontally adducts the arm and depresses the shoulder

Nerve: Lateral & Medial Pectoral Nerve

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11
Q

Supraspinatus (first S in SITS)

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Action: abduction of shoulder joint and stabilizes glenohumeral joint

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

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11
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: upper 9 ribs (ribs 1-9)

Insertion: anterior surface of the medial border of scapula

Action: protracts & upwardly rotates the scapula

Innervation: long thoracic nerve

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11
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: flexes, extends, medially and laterally rotates shoulder joint + abducts shoulder

Innervation: Axillary Nerve

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12
Q

Infraspinatus (I in SITS)

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Action: laterally rotates shoulder + horizontally abducts shoulder

Innervation: suprascapular n

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13
Q

Teres Minor (T in SITS)

A

Origin: inferior lateral border of scapula, above teres major

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Action: laterally rotates shoulder

Innervation: axillary nerve

14
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: subscapular fossa

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: medially rotates the shoulder

Nerve: suprascapular nerve

15
Q

Teres MAJOR - similar to lats how?

A

Same actions as lats (swimmers muscle)

Origin: inferior lateral border of scapula (below minor)

Insertion: middle lip of bicipital groove of humerus

Action: extends, adducts, and medially rotation of shoulder joint

Nerve: lower subscapular nerve

16
Q

Biceps - 2 HEADS

A

Origin: longhead starts at the supraglenoid tubercle of scapula & short head at coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity & the fascia of forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis

Action: flexes and supinates the forearm + weakly flexes the shoulder via longhead ONLY!

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

17
Q

Triceps - 3 heads

A

Origin: in order from outside to inside - lateral, long, medial

Lateral head begins on lateral, posterior surface of humerus.
Longhead on the infraglenoid process of the scapula & infraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
Medial head on the posterior surface of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna

Action: extends elbow + long head only will extend and hyperextend the shoulder

Innervation: radial nerve

18
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon + coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: middle of the lateral surface of the radius

Action: pronates & weakly flexes forearm

Innervation: Median nerve

19
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon

Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action: flexes the wrist, abducts (radially deviates) the wrist, & weakly flexes the elbow

Innervation: Median nerve

20
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - 2 HEADS

A

Origin: humeral head at the medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon, ulnar head at the olecranon process & posterior border of ulna

Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal, hook of hamate, pisiform

Action: Flexes & adducts (ulnar deviation) the wrist

Innervation: Ulnar N.

21
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - 2 HEADS

A

Origin: humero-ulnar head at the medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna, radial head starts at the proximal, anterior border of radius

Insertion: base of middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

Action: flexes fingers 2-5 (all but thumb) @ MCP and PIP joints, flexes the wrist, and weakly flexes the elbow

Innervation: Median nerve

22
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Origin: distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal

Action: extends and abducts (radial deviation) the wrist + weakly flexes the elbow

Innervation: radial nerve

23
Q

Brachioradialis - beer drinking muscle

A

Origin: proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: lateral surface of the distal end of radius, proximal to styloid process

Action: flexes the elbow in mid pronation (beer drinker)

Innervation: radial nerve

24
Q

Extensor Digitorum (MCP, PIP, DIP)

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon

Insertion: distal and middle phalanges of fingers #2 – 5 via the dorsal digital expansion (DDE)

Action: extends fingers 2-5 at MCP, PIP, and DIP joints + extends the wrist

Innervation: radial nerve

25
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

Origin: the middle, posterior surface of radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of the 1st metacarpal (thumb)

Action: abducts & extends the thumb at CMC joint + weakly abducts (radial deviation) the wrist

Innervation: radial nerve

26
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin: flexor retinaculum, tubercle of scaphoid, tubercle of trapezium

Insertion: lateral side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action: abducts thumb

Innervation: median nerve

27
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin: Flexor retinaculum & trapezium

Insertion: lateral side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action: flexes thumb

Innervation: median nerve

28
Q

Dorsal Interossei (DAB)

A

Origin: adjacent sides of metacarpals

Insertion: base of proximal phalanges and dorsal digital expansion of fingers (#2, #3, and #4)

Dorsal interosseous #1 to the lateral side of the index finger
Dorsal interosseous # 2 to the lateral side of the middle finger
Dorsal interosseous # 3 to the medial side of the middle finger
Dorsal interosseous # 4 to the medial side of the ring finger

Action: abducts fingers 2,3,4 @ MCP joints, TATA fingers 2,3,4

Innervation: ulnar nerve

29
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Origin: lateral side of ASIS, anterior part of the iliac crest

Insertion: Tibia (gerdy’s tubercle) via the IT band (which starts ⅓ way down the thigh)

Action: flexes the hip & knee, abducts and medially rotates the hip, anterior pelvic tilt, and tenses the IT band to provide support while standing

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

30
Q

Sartorious - S of SGT

A

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: proximal medial shaft of tibia (pes anserine)

Action: flexes the hip and knee, laterally rotates the hip joint, and abducts the hip

Innervation: femoral nerve

31
Q

Biceps Femoris (hamstring) 2 HEADS

A

Origin: Long head begins at ischial tuberosity (sit bone) and short head at the linea Aspera of femur on posterior side

Insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

Action:
extends and externally rotates the hip + flexes and externally rotates the knee, also stabilizes the pelvis

Innervation: tibial branch and common fibular branches of the sciatic nerve

32
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: proximal medial shaft of tibia

Action: flexes and medially rotates the knee + extends the hip

Innervation: tibial branch of sciatic

33
Q

Rectus Femoris (2 HEADS)

A

Origin: straight head begins at AIIS, the reflected head at the acetabulum

Insertion: quadriceps tendon to the patellar ligament onto tibial tuberosity

Action: flexes hip, extends the knee

Innervation: femoral nerve

34
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Origin: intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

Insertion: quadriceps tendon to the patellar ligament onto tibial tuberosity (same insertion as Rectus Femoris)

Action: extends the knee

Innervation: femoral nerve

35
Q

Adductor Muscles as a group (longus, brevis, magnus, pectineus and gracilis)

A

Origin: pubis and ischium

Insertion: pectineal line of femur (pectineus), linea aspera of femur (longus, brevis, magnus) down to the tibia (gracilis)

Action: flexes, laterally rotates, and adducts the hip, and gracilis flexes the knee

Innervation: obturator nerve and femoral nerve for pectineus muscle

36
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin: medial and lateral condyles of femur

Insertion: achilles tendon

Action: plantar flexion

Innervation: tibial nerve

BMS100 Palpation Exam (1 decks)

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