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Muscular System > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

1) Skeletal

A

Voluntary muscle
Movement, heat production, posture

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2
Q

2) Smooth

A

Involuntary muscle
ie. Swallowing

Controlled by nervous system
Autonomic nervous / endocrine system

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3
Q

3) Cardiac

A

Only in the heart 🫀
Electrical conduction

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4
Q

Muscle cells are..

A

Striated

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5
Q

Epimysium

A

Encases ENTIRE muscle
Holds fascicles together

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6
Q

Perimysium

A

Covers fascicle (group of muscle fibers)

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7
Q

Endomysium

A

Covers the muscle cell (fiber)

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8
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue (fibrous)
Surrounds epimysium and tendon

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9
Q

Tendon connects

A

Muscle to bone

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10
Q

Tendons covered by

A

Tendon sheaths (lubrication)
Sheaths are lined with synovial membrane
Tendons glide within sheath during movement

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle
Functions: Movement, heat production, posture

A

Excitability
Irritability
Ability to respond to nerve signals

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle
Functions: Movement, heat production, posture

A

Contractibility - shorten
Extensibility - stretch

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13
Q

Muscle fiber
Surrounding is sarcolemma =

A

Cell membrane

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14
Q

Sarcoplasm =

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

T tubules

A

Across sarcolemma in muscle fiber

T tubules allow electrical impulses to enter for contraction

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16
Q

Myofibril (cytoskeleton)

A

Inside muscle fiber

17
Q

Thick myofilaments

A

Myosin (protein)

18
Q

Thin myofilaments

A

*Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
(Proteins)

19
Q

Sarcomere

A

Contractile unit of muscle in myofibril
Z disk to a disk

20
Q

Ca++ storage in..

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

21
Q

How does a contraction work?

A

Excitation of the sarcolemma -> T tubules -> sarco. reticulum release Ca++ into sarcoplasm -> Ca++ binds to troponin (thin) = chemical reaction = contraction

22
Q

Mm at rest

A

Ca++ channels are closed
Tropomyosin covers active sites on actin

23
Q

Muscle structure

A

Connective tissue
Muscle fibers
Myofibrils

24
Q

Strain

A

Caused by: overexertion, trauma, no warming up (flexibility)

Symptoms: pain (myalgia), may be weakened

25
Q

Fibromyositis

Myositis

A

Inflammation of muscle and tendon

Inflammation of mm, result of a strain

26
Q

Torn Rotator Cuff (RTC)

A

Tear in tendons of cuff mm

Hold head of humerus in glenoid fossa

27
Q

RTC tear causes and symptoms

A

Traumatic injury
Chronic degeneration

May hear tearing sound (crepitus)
Acute pain
LOM in abduction and flexion of shoulder

28
Q

Tendonitis

A

Microtrauma

Many actually tendinosis, tenosynovitis

29
Q

RSI

A

Load > tissue tolerance
Micro -> Macrotrauma

30
Q

Tetanus

A

Mm spasm, lockjaw, can cause fracture or tear
Toxins from bacterium 🦠
Can be from any skin puncture

31
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of organ (sm intestine) through abdominal muscles/fascia

32
Q

Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne type

A

Muscle atrophy
Mutation on X chromosome

Muscular System (1 decks)

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