Muscles

Question 0

What separates the skin from muscles and bones?

Answer 0

Connective tissue called ‘fascia’, both superficial and deep

Question 1

Bones function as-

Joints function as-

Answer 1

Levers

Fulcrums

Question 2

What does superficial fascia involve?

Answer 2

Subcutaneous fatty layer under the skin

Important in surgical incision and spread of infection

Question 3

Deep fascia is-

Answer 3

Thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue which covers all skeletal muscles

Question 4

What muscles are found along each side of the spinous processes?

Answer 4

A collection of muscles call the ‘erector spinae’

Question 5

What are the erector spinae responsible for?

Answer 5

Extension of the spine-> erect posture of the body

Relaxing with control for Flexion of trunk

Question 6

Which joint aids the wide range of movement of the upper limb?

Answer 6

The scapula thoracic joint

Question 7

What muscle is responsible for the elevation, adduction and depression of the scapula?

Answer 7

The trapezius

Question 8

What muscle is responsible for the protraction of the scapula?

Answer 8

Serratus anterior

Question 9

Where are the intrinsic muscles located for the movements of the hand?

Answer 9

In the hand itself (small muscles)

Question 10

The extrinsic muscles for the hand are where?

Answer 10

In the forearm, with their tendons passing to the hand

Question 11

Flexor muscles for the hand are where?

Answer 11

In the anterior compartment of the forearm

Question 12

How are the tendons held in place at the wrist joint?

Answer 12

By a band of connective tissue called the FLEXOR RETINACULUM

Question 13

What is the iliotibial tract?

Answer 13

A fibrous band on the lateral side of the thigh. Attached to gluteus Maximus and distally to the tibia

Question 14

What muscle(s) are attached to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

Answer 14

The iliopsoas muscle, which consists of the iliacsus and the psoas major

Question 15

Which of the quadriceps femoris are attached proximally to the ilium?

Answer 15

The rectus femoris

Question 16

What group of muscles are attached to the ischial tuberosity? What do they do?

Answer 16

3 hamstring muscles

Flex the knee and extend the hip joint

Question 17

Extension of the ankle joint is also called

Answer 17

Dorsiflexion

Question 18

Flexion of the ankle joint is also called

Answer 18

Plantarflexion

Question 19

What does ‘rectus’ mean?

Answer 19

Straight line

Question 20

What is the linea alba?

Answer 20

The white midline raphe (from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

Question 21

What is the deltoid? What movements is it responsible for?

Answer 21

Thick triangular muscle that covers shoulder

Abduction, Flexion and extension of the shoulder joint

Question 22

What is the deltoid attached to?

Answer 22

Clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula, deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 23

Where does the pectoralis major attatch to the humerus?

Answer 23

At the bicipital groove

Question 24

What movement does the 'latissimus dorsi' allow? Where is this muscle?

Answer 24

Extension and adduction of humerus, lower posterior trunk

Question 25

Where does the Serratus anterior attach? | What movements does it allow?

Answer 25

1-8 ribs to the medial border of the scapula (under) | Protraction of the scapula

Question 26

What movements is the trapezius responsible for?

Answer 26

Extension of head | Elevation, depression and adduction of scapula

Question 27

What movements is the pectoralis major responsible for?

Answer 27

Adduction and Flexion of the arm

Question 28

Which muscles are responsible for the rotation and lateral Flexion of the trunk and the Flexion of the vertebral column?

Answer 28

Internal (cupped hand) and external (pocket shape) obliques

Question 29

What is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall?

Answer 29

``` Transversus abdominis (Compresses abdominal contents) ```

Question 30

What muscle is responsible for compression of abdominal contents during defecation and childbirth?

Answer 30

Rectus abdominis

Question 31

Where does the trapezius attach?

Answer 31

Occipital bone, spine of scapula and clavicle, end of thoracic vertebrae

Question 32

The biceps brachii are responsible for-

Answer 32

Flexion of forearm and supination of forearm

Question 33

What muscle is deep to the biceps brachii and has a similar role?

Answer 33

Brachialis | Also involved in Flexion of forearm

Question 34

Describe the flexor muscles of the forearm

Answer 34

Flexor digitorum superficialis is deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris (medial) and flexor carpi radialis (lateral)

Question 35

The flexor carpis do what?

Answer 35

Flex the hand (Carpi ulnaris also adducts) (Carpi radialis also abducts)

Question 36

What do the triceps brachii attach to and do?

Answer 36

Shoulder girdle and proximal humerus -> olecrenon process | Elbow extension

Question 37

Describe position of extensor muscles

Answer 37

Extensor carpi ulnaris (most medial) Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi radialis (longus diagonal) (brevis most lateral)

Question 38

What do the iliopsoas muscles do?

Answer 38

Flex hip and external rotation

Question 39

What muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of foot?

Answer 39

Tibialis anterior

Question 40

What muscles are responsible for plantarflexion?

Answer 40

Gastrocnemius and soleus (both insert into calcaneal tendon)

Question 41

Which two muscles insert into the calcaneal tendon?

Answer 41

The gastrocnemius and the soleus