Muscles Flashcards

(42 cards)

0
Q

What separates the skin from muscles and bones?

A

Connective tissue called ‘fascia’, both superficial and deep

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1
Q

Bones function as-

Joints function as-

A

Levers

Fulcrums

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2
Q

What does superficial fascia involve?

A

Subcutaneous fatty layer under the skin

Important in surgical incision and spread of infection

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3
Q

Deep fascia is-

A

Thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue which covers all skeletal muscles

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4
Q

What muscles are found along each side of the spinous processes?

A

A collection of muscles call the ‘erector spinae’

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5
Q

What are the erector spinae responsible for?

A

Extension of the spine-> erect posture of the body

Relaxing with control for Flexion of trunk

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6
Q

Which joint aids the wide range of movement of the upper limb?

A

The scapula thoracic joint

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7
Q

What muscle is responsible for the elevation, adduction and depression of the scapula?

A

The trapezius

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8
Q

What muscle is responsible for the protraction of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

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9
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles located for the movements of the hand?

A

In the hand itself (small muscles)

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10
Q

The extrinsic muscles for the hand are where?

A

In the forearm, with their tendons passing to the hand

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11
Q

Flexor muscles for the hand are where?

A

In the anterior compartment of the forearm

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12
Q

How are the tendons held in place at the wrist joint?

A

By a band of connective tissue called the FLEXOR RETINACULUM

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13
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

A fibrous band on the lateral side of the thigh. Attached to gluteus Maximus and distally to the tibia

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14
Q

What muscle(s) are attached to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

A

The iliopsoas muscle, which consists of the iliacsus and the psoas major

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15
Q

Which of the quadriceps femoris are attached proximally to the ilium?

A

The rectus femoris

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16
Q

What group of muscles are attached to the ischial tuberosity? What do they do?

A

3 hamstring muscles

Flex the knee and extend the hip joint

17
Q

Extension of the ankle joint is also called

18
Q

Flexion of the ankle joint is also called

A

Plantarflexion

19
Q

What does ‘rectus’ mean?

A

Straight line

20
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

The white midline raphe (from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

21
Q

What is the deltoid? What movements is it responsible for?

A

Thick triangular muscle that covers shoulder

Abduction, Flexion and extension of the shoulder joint

22
Q

What is the deltoid attached to?

A

Clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula, deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

23
Q

Where does the pectoralis major attatch to the humerus?

A

At the bicipital groove

24
What movement does the 'latissimus dorsi' allow? Where is this muscle?
Extension and adduction of humerus, lower posterior trunk
25
Where does the Serratus anterior attach? | What movements does it allow?
1-8 ribs to the medial border of the scapula (under) | Protraction of the scapula
26
What movements is the trapezius responsible for?
Extension of head | Elevation, depression and adduction of scapula
27
What movements is the pectoralis major responsible for?
Adduction and Flexion of the arm
28
Which muscles are responsible for the rotation and lateral Flexion of the trunk and the Flexion of the vertebral column?
Internal (cupped hand) and external (pocket shape) obliques
29
What is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall?
``` Transversus abdominis (Compresses abdominal contents) ```
30
What muscle is responsible for compression of abdominal contents during defecation and childbirth?
Rectus abdominis
31
Where does the trapezius attach?
Occipital bone, spine of scapula and clavicle, end of thoracic vertebrae
32
The biceps brachii are responsible for-
Flexion of forearm and supination of forearm
33
What muscle is deep to the biceps brachii and has a similar role?
Brachialis | Also involved in Flexion of forearm
34
Describe the flexor muscles of the forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis is deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris (medial) and flexor carpi radialis (lateral)
35
The flexor carpis do what?
Flex the hand (Carpi ulnaris also adducts) (Carpi radialis also abducts)
36
What do the triceps brachii attach to and do?
Shoulder girdle and proximal humerus -> olecrenon process | Elbow extension
37
Describe position of extensor muscles
Extensor carpi ulnaris (most medial) Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi radialis (longus diagonal) (brevis most lateral)
38
What do the iliopsoas muscles do?
Flex hip and external rotation
39
What muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of foot?
Tibialis anterior
40
What muscles are responsible for plantarflexion?
Gastrocnemius and soleus (both insert into calcaneal tendon)
41
Which two muscles insert into the calcaneal tendon?
The gastrocnemius and the soleus