muscles

Question 1

Trapezius Muscle

Answer 1

Origin - base of the skull; ligaments of the neck (C1 to C6); spines of the seventh cervical and all of the thoracic vertebrae

Insertion - posterior outer third of the clavicle; top of the spine of the the seventh cervical and all of the thoracic vertebrae. scapula.

Actions - upward rotation of the scapula; elevation of the scapula; retraction of the scapula. The lower trapezius muscle is responsible for scapular depression

Question 2

levator scapulae

Answer 2

Origin - transverse processes of the upper four cervical vertebrae
Insertion – superior angle of the scapula, above the base of the scapular spine
Action – elevates the medial margin of the scapula

Question 3

serrates anterior

Answer 3

Origin - surface of the upper nine ribs at the side of the chest.
Insertion - anterior portion of the vertebral border of the scapula.
Actions - protraction of the scapula; upward rotation of the scapula

Question 4

Rhomboid 45

Answer 4

This muscle cannot be viewed superficially, it is deep to the trapezius muscle.
Origin - spinous processes of the last cervical and the first five thoracic vertebrae (C7 to T5).
Insertion - medial border of the scapula, below the spine.
Action - retraction and downward rotation of the scapula

Question 5

deltoid - anterior, middle, and posterior heads

Answer 5

This is a triangular muscle which has three parts - anterior, medial, and posterior.
(the acromion is a flat process that is located at the outer end of the Origin - anterior, lateral third of the clavicle; the top of the acromion scapular spine. It is the part of the scapula which joins with the clavicle); posterior border of the spine of the scapula.
Insertion - on the deltoid tuberosity on the middle, lateral surface of the humerus
Actions - anterior portion - flexion and horizontal flexion - middle portion - abduction and horizontal extension
- posterior portion - horizontal extension, assists with extension

Question 6

pectoralis major

Answer 6

Origin - clavicular portion - the inner two-thirds of the anterior border of the clavicle.
sternal portion - the whole length of the sternum and the costal cartilages of the first six ribs near their junction with the sternum.
Insertion - by a flat tendon about three inches wide to the outer lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
actions- clavicular portion - flexion and horizontal flexion
sternal portion - horizontal flexion, adduction, and extension, when the arm has been moved above shoulder level

Question 7

latissimus dorsi

Answer 7

Origin - posterior crest of the ilium; the back of the sacrum; the spines of the lower six thoracic and all the lumbar vertebrae; lower three ribs
Insertion - the bottom of the bicipital groove on the anterior surface of the humerus
Actions – extension and adduction; assists in inward rotation and horizontal extension

Question 8

biceps brachii

Question 9

Brachialis

Question 10

triceps brachii

Question 11

rectus abdominus

Question 12

erector spinae

Question 13

Iliacus

Question 14

Psoas

Question 15

gluteus maximus

Question 16

gluteus medius

Question 17

adductor magnus

Question 18

quadriceps - rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

Question 19

hamstrings

Question 20

Gastrocnemius

Question 21

Soleus

Question 22

tibialis anterior