Muscles

Question 1

Illiacus

Origin?
Insertion?
Function?

Answer 1

• Origin = inner portion of the pelvis
• Insertion = into the femur, inserts as the iliopsoas muscle
• Function
• mainly hip flexion
• external hip rotation too

Question 2

Psoas

Origin?
Insertion?
Function?

Answer 2

• Origin: T12-L5
• Insertion: femur, inserts as iliopsoas tendon
• Function:
  – hip flexion
  – some hip external rotation

Question 3

Diaphragm

Answer 3

Question 4

Quadratus Lumborum

Origin? Insertion? Function?

Answer 4

• Origin: top of the iliac crest
• Insertion:
  
  • 12th rib
  • L1-L5
• Function:
  
  • torso flexion

Question 5

Triceps (3 heads)

Origins? Insertions? Functions?

Answer 5

• long head
  
  • origin = scapula
  • insertion triceps brachii tendon
• lateral head
  
  • origin = humerus
  • insertion = triceps brachii tendon
• medial head
  
  • origin = humerus (below long and lateral head origins)
  • insertion = triceps brachii tendon
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-TxrDzYSdM&ab_channel=Kenhub-LearnHumanAnatomy

Question 6

Biceps

Origins? Insertions? Functions?

Answer 6

• long head
  
  • origin = superglenoid tubercle
  • insertion = proximal part of radius
• short head
  
  • origin = coracoid of scapula
  • insertion= proximal part of radius
• Actions
  
  • elbow flexion
  • supination
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWuF57uNC0M&ab_channel=AnatomyZone

Question 7

Rotator Cuff

Origins? Insertions? Functions?

Answer 7

• Provides dynamic shoulder stability at the glenohumeral joint
• Supraspinatus
  
  • abduction (specifically first 15°)
• Infraspinatus
  
  • main external rotator of shoulder joint
    
    • assists in abduction and adduction
• Teres Minor
  
  • external rotator of shoulder joint
    
    • assists in adduction and extension of shoulder
• Subscapularis
  
  • internal/medial rotator of the shoulder joint

Notes:

• SIT(S) for acronym of the insertion points on the humerus
  
  • S-upraspinatus
  • I-nfraspinatus
  • T-eres minor
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaIt79pPfgE&ab_channel=AnatomyZone

Question 8

Describe the glenoid labrum:

• Design
• Function

Answer 8

• ligament inside the shoulder
• attached completely around the edge of the glenoid
• it’s wedge shaped in order to create an elevated rim around the glenoid socket (increases depth of glenoid cavity by 50%)
  
  • this is important because the glenoid socket is flat and shallow and the ball of the humerus does not fit tightly
  • labrum creates deeper cup for ball of humerus to fit in to
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXlPBm38Wyg&ab_channel=TheNotedAnatomist

Question 9

Deltoid

Origins? Insertions? Functions?

Answer 9

• Anterior Deltoid:
  
  • origin = clavicle
  • function = assist in flexion and internal rotation
• Mid (lateral) Deltoid:
  
  • origin = acromial part of the scapula
  • function = abduction (activates at 15 degrees, supraspinatus is supposed to be responsible for the first 15 degrees)
• Posterior Deltoid:
  
  • origin = spine of the scapula
  • function = extension and assist in external rotation of the shoulder
• Insertion of all 3 = deltoid tuberosity
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fx1alu8UThQ&ab_channel=AnatomyZone

Question 10

Levator Scapulae

Origin? Insertion? Function?

Answer 10

• origin:
  
  • C1-C4
• insertion:
  
  • superior and medial part of the scapula
• function:
  
  • elevates the scapula
    
    • while elevating it pulls the entire scapula medially
    • causes small upward tilt of the scapula as well
    • “Allows for optimal ER during the throw” -Sam Briend
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AC1pk0Cp98c&ab_channel=BiodynamicsVienna

Question 11

Transversus Abdominis

Origin? Insertion? Function?

Answer 11

• Origin:
  
  • 7-12th cartilages of the ribs
  • inner iliac crest
• Insertion:
  
  • linea alba
  • pubis
• Action:
  
  • deep to all the other core muscles and is a big time stabilizer for the entire core
  • rotation
  • flexion
  • lateral flexion of the trunk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDniDSGWqn8&ab_channel=BiodynamicsVienna
• construction of the core muscles

Question 12

Rectus Abdominis

Origin? Insertion? Function?

Answer 12

• origin:
  
  • pubis
• insertion:
  
  • bottom of the sternum
• function:
  
  • trunk flexion

NOTES

• the RA is the 6-pack muscle you actually see

Question 13

Internal Oblique

Origin? Insertion? Function?

Answer 13

• Origin:
  
  • iliac crest
• Insertion:
  
  • lower part of 9th-12th ribs
  • linea alba
  • pubic crest
• Function:
  
  • same side rotators - right one contracts then trunk rotates right
  • trunk flexion and lateral trunk flexion
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skx5lJ0MZc4&ab_channel=BiodynamicsVienna

Question 14

External Oblique

Origin?
Insertion?
Function?

Answer 14

• Origin
  
  • outer surface of 5th-12th ribs
• Insertion
  
  • linea alba
  • pubis
  • illiac crest
• Function
  
  • trunk rotation
    
    • opposite side rotator - contraction will move core the other way
• Notes
  
  • most superficial of the abdominal muscles
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEvX9fhyrAg&t=71s&ab_channel=BiodynamicsVienna

Question 15

Linea Alba

Answer 15

Question 16

Core Anatomy

Answer 16

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdeBTHMFLKY&ab_channel=MuscleandMotion

Question 17

Rhomboid Major

Answer 17

• Origin
  
  • T2-T5
• Insertion
  
  • medial margin of the scapula
• Function
  
  • scap retraction
    
    • scap stabilization
    • scap upward rotation (along with levator scapulae)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnWQrvWGMsI&ab_channel=nabilebraheim

Question 18

Rhomboid Minor

Answer 18

• Origin
  
  • C7 and T1
• Insertion
  
  • Medial border of the scapula
• Function
  
  • scap retraction
  • scap stabilization
  • scap upward rotation (along with
• Rhomboids look like a rhombus
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnWQrvWGMsI&ab_channel=nabilebraheim

Question 19

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 19

• Origin
  
  • T7-T12
  • 9th-12th ribs
  • sacrum (thoracolumbar fascia)
  • iliac crest
  • inferior medial scapula
• Insertion
  
  • anterior humerus
• Function
  
  • extension (backwards)
  • adduction
  • internal rotation
  • scapular retraction
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDhv9EJ9gf8&ab_channel=AnatomyZone

Question 20

Pec Minor

Answer 20

• Origin
  
  • 3rd to 5th ribs
• Insertion
  
  • corocoid process of scapula
• Function
  
  • shoulder (scapular) protraction
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3gjhyYPdlM&ab_channel=DoctorSpeaks

Question 21

Pec Major

Answer 21

• Origin (there are 2 heads)
  
  • medial clavicle
  • sternum
  • costal cartilage ribs 1-6
  • aponeurosis of external oblique
• Insertion
  
  • 4-5cm in the anterior humerus
• Function
  
  • flexion (forward)
  • adduction (downwards)
  • medial/internal rotation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfrUcSWD3Z8&ab_channel=AnatomyZone

Question 22

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 22

• Origin
  
  • fascia of gluteus medius
  • ilium, sacrum, coccyx
• Insertion
  
  • IT band (upper fibers)
  • femur (lower fibers)
• Function
  
  • hip extension
  • external (lateral) hip rotation
  • abduction and adduction

Question 23

Gluteus Medius

Answer 23

• Origin
  
  • illium
• Insertion
  
  • femur (lateral surface)
• Function
  
  • internal rotation
  • external rotation
  • abduction, powerful abductor of the hip

Question 24

Gluteus Minimus

Answer 24

• Origin
  
  • ilium
  • deep to glute max and glute min
• Insertion
  
  • lateral femur
• Function
  
  • internal rotation
  • hip flexion
  • abduction

Question 25

Serratus Anterior

Answer 25

• Origin
  
  • 1st-9th ribs
• Insertion
  
  • medial scapula
• Function
  
  • scapular protraction
    
    • pulls scap forward and around the rib cage
  • helps with scap upward rotation

Question 26

Hamstring

Answer 26

3 different muscles

• Origin
  
  • 3 heads originate on the lower pelvis, the ischium
    
    • short head originates from the femur
• Insertion
  
  • biceps femoris 2 heads onto outside of the fibula
  • semitendinosus and semimembranosus onto the inside of the tibia
• Function
  
  • knee flexion
  • hip extension

Question 27

Quadriceps

Answer 27

4 separate muscles

• Origin
  
  • ilium and femur
• Insertion
  
  • patellar tendon
• Function
  
  • knee extension
  • a little bit of hip flexion

Question 28

Calf (gastrocnemius(larger) & soleus)

Answer 28

• Origin
  
  • gastrocnemius - femur
  • soleus - tibia and fibula
• Insertion
  
  • gastrocnemius - achilles tendon
  • soleus - achillles tendon
• Function
  
  • plantar flexion
  • gastrocnemius does a little bit of knee flexion because it originates from the femur

Question 29

Femur

Answer 29

Question 30

Tibia

Answer 30

• commonly known as the shinbone

Question 31

Fibula

Answer 31

Question 32

Pelvis

Answer 32

Question 33

Spine

Describe the different sections

Answer 33

• Cervical 1-7
• Thoracic 1-12
• Lumbar 1-5
• Sacrum = 5 fused
• Coccyx = 4 fused

Question 34

Ulna

Answer 34

Question 35

Radius

Answer 35

Question 36

Humerus

Answer 36

Question 37

Scapula

Answer 37

Question 38

Clavicle

Answer 38