Muscles Flashcards
1
Q
Illiacus
Origin?
Insertion?
Function?
A
- Origin = inner portion of the pelvis
- Insertion = into the femur, inserts as the iliopsoas muscle
- Function
- mainly hip flexion
- external hip rotation too
2
Q
Psoas
Origin?
Insertion?
Function?
A
- Origin: T12-L5
- Insertion: femur, inserts as iliopsoas tendon
- Function:
– hip flexion
– some hip external rotation
3
Q
Diaphragm
A
4
Q
Quadratus Lumborum
Origin? Insertion? Function?
A
- Origin: top of the iliac crest
- Insertion:
- 12th rib
- L1-L5
- Function:
- torso flexion
5
Q
Triceps (3 heads)
Origins? Insertions? Functions?
A
-
long head
- origin = scapula
- insertion triceps brachii tendon
-
lateral head
- origin = humerus
- insertion = triceps brachii tendon
-
medial head
- origin = humerus (below long and lateral head origins)
- insertion = triceps brachii tendon
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-TxrDzYSdM&ab_channel=Kenhub-LearnHumanAnatomy
6
Q
Biceps
Origins? Insertions? Functions?
A
-
long head
- origin = superglenoid tubercle
- insertion = proximal part of radius
-
short head
- origin = coracoid of scapula
- insertion= proximal part of radius
-
Actions
- elbow flexion
- supination
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWuF57uNC0M&ab_channel=AnatomyZone
7
Q
Rotator Cuff
Origins? Insertions? Functions?
A
- Provides dynamic shoulder stability at the glenohumeral joint
-
Supraspinatus
- abduction (specifically first 15°)
-
Infraspinatus
- main external rotator of shoulder joint
- assists in abduction and adduction
- main external rotator of shoulder joint
-
Teres Minor
- external rotator of shoulder joint
- assists in adduction and extension of shoulder
- external rotator of shoulder joint
-
Subscapularis
- internal/medial rotator of the shoulder joint
Notes:
- SIT(S) for acronym of the insertion points on the humerus
- S-upraspinatus
- I-nfraspinatus
- T-eres minor
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaIt79pPfgE&ab_channel=AnatomyZone
8
Q
Describe the glenoid labrum:
- Design
- Function
A
- ligament inside the shoulder
- attached completely around the edge of the glenoid
- it’s wedge shaped in order to create an elevated rim around the glenoid socket (increases depth of glenoid cavity by 50%)
- this is important because the glenoid socket is flat and shallow and the ball of the humerus does not fit tightly
- labrum creates deeper cup for ball of humerus to fit in to
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXlPBm38Wyg&ab_channel=TheNotedAnatomist
9
Q
Deltoid
Origins? Insertions? Functions?
A
-
Anterior Deltoid:
- origin = clavicle
- function = assist in flexion and internal rotation
-
Mid (lateral) Deltoid:
- origin = acromial part of the scapula
- function = abduction (activates at 15 degrees, supraspinatus is supposed to be responsible for the first 15 degrees)
-
Posterior Deltoid:
- origin = spine of the scapula
- function = extension and assist in external rotation of the shoulder
- Insertion of all 3 = deltoid tuberosity
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fx1alu8UThQ&ab_channel=AnatomyZone
10
Q
Levator Scapulae
Origin? Insertion? Function?
A
- origin:
- C1-C4
- insertion:
- superior and medial part of the scapula
- function:
- elevates the scapula
- while elevating it pulls the entire scapula medially
- causes small upward tilt of the scapula as well
- “Allows for optimal ER during the throw” -Sam Briend
- elevates the scapula
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AC1pk0Cp98c&ab_channel=BiodynamicsVienna
11
Q
Transversus Abdominis
Origin? Insertion? Function?
A
-
Origin:
- 7-12th cartilages of the ribs
- inner iliac crest
-
Insertion:
- linea alba
- pubis
-
Action:
- deep to all the other core muscles and is a big time stabilizer for the entire core
- rotation
- flexion
- lateral flexion of the trunk
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDniDSGWqn8&ab_channel=BiodynamicsVienna
- construction of the core muscles
12
Q
Rectus Abdominis
Origin? Insertion? Function?
A
- origin:
- pubis
- insertion:
- bottom of the sternum
- function:
- trunk flexion
NOTES
- the RA is the 6-pack muscle you actually see
13
Q
Internal Oblique
Origin? Insertion? Function?
A
-
Origin:
- iliac crest
-
Insertion:
- lower part of 9th-12th ribs
- linea alba
- pubic crest
-
Function:
- same side rotators - right one contracts then trunk rotates right
- trunk flexion and lateral trunk flexion
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skx5lJ0MZc4&ab_channel=BiodynamicsVienna
14
Q
External Oblique
Origin?
Insertion?
Function?
A
-
Origin
- outer surface of 5th-12th ribs
-
Insertion
- linea alba
- pubis
- illiac crest
-
Function
- trunk rotation
- opposite side rotator - contraction will move core the other way
- trunk rotation
-
Notes
- most superficial of the abdominal muscles
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEvX9fhyrAg&t=71s&ab_channel=BiodynamicsVienna
15
Q
Linea Alba
A
16
Q
Core Anatomy
17
Q
Rhomboid Major
A
- Origin
- T2-T5
- Insertion
- medial margin of the scapula
- Function
- scap retraction
- scap stabilization
- scap upward rotation (along with levator scapulae)
- scap retraction
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnWQrvWGMsI&ab_channel=nabilebraheim
18
Q
Rhomboid Minor
A
- Origin
- C7 and T1
- Insertion
- Medial border of the scapula
- Function
- scap retraction
- scap stabilization
- scap upward rotation (along with
- Rhomboids look like a rhombus
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnWQrvWGMsI&ab_channel=nabilebraheim
19
Q
Latissimus Dorsi
A
- Origin
- T7-T12
- 9th-12th ribs
- sacrum (thoracolumbar fascia)
- iliac crest
- inferior medial scapula
- Insertion
- anterior humerus
- Function
- extension (backwards)
- adduction
- internal rotation
- scapular retraction
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDhv9EJ9gf8&ab_channel=AnatomyZone
20
Q
Pec Minor
A
-
Origin
- 3rd to 5th ribs
-
Insertion
- corocoid process of scapula
-
Function
- shoulder (scapular) protraction
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3gjhyYPdlM&ab_channel=DoctorSpeaks
21
Q
Pec Major
A
-
Origin (there are 2 heads)
- medial clavicle
- sternum
- costal cartilage ribs 1-6
- aponeurosis of external oblique
-
Insertion
- 4-5cm in the anterior humerus
-
Function
- flexion (forward)
- adduction (downwards)
- medial/internal rotation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfrUcSWD3Z8&ab_channel=AnatomyZone
22
Q
Gluteus Maximus
A
-
Origin
- fascia of gluteus medius
- ilium, sacrum, coccyx
-
Insertion
- IT band (upper fibers)
- femur (lower fibers)
-
Function
- hip extension
- external (lateral) hip rotation
- abduction and adduction
23
Q
Gluteus Medius
A
-
Origin
- illium
-
Insertion
- femur (lateral surface)
-
Function
- internal rotation
- external rotation
- abduction, powerful abductor of the hip
24
Q
Gluteus Minimus
A
-
Origin
- ilium
- deep to glute max and glute min
-
Insertion
- lateral femur
-
Function
- internal rotation
- hip flexion
- abduction
25
Serratus Anterior
* **Origin**
* 1st-9th ribs
* **Insertion**
* medial scapula
* **Function**
* scapular protraction
* pulls scap forward and around the rib cage
* helps with scap upward rotation
26
Hamstring
3 different muscles
* **Origin**
* 3 heads originate on the lower pelvis, the ischium
* short head originates from the femur
* **Insertion**
* biceps femoris 2 heads onto outside of the fibula
* semitendinosus and semimembranosus onto the inside of the tibia
* **Function**
* knee flexion
* hip extension
27
Quadriceps
4 separate muscles
* **Origin**
* ilium and femur
* **Insertion**
* patellar tendon
* **Function**
* knee extension
* a little bit of hip flexion
28
Calf (gastrocnemius(larger) & soleus)
* **Origin**
* gastrocnemius - femur
* soleus - tibia and fibula
* **Insertion**
* gastrocnemius - achilles tendon
* soleus - achillles tendon
* **Function**
* plantar flexion
* gastrocnemius does a little bit of knee flexion because it originates from the femur
29
Femur
30
Tibia
* commonly known as the shinbone
31
Fibula
32
Pelvis
33
# Spine
Describe the different sections
* Cervical 1-7
* Thoracic 1-12
* Lumbar 1-5
* Sacrum = 5 fused
* Coccyx = 4 fused
34
Ulna
35
Radius
36
Humerus
37
Scapula
38
Clavicle
