Muscles

Question 1

Characteristics: Direction of Muscle Fibers

Answer 1

1. Rectus - runs along long axis of body (eg. rectus abdominis)
2. Transverses- runs transversely (eg. transversus abdominis)
3. Oblique- run on diagonal (external oblique)

Question 2

Characteristics: Relative Size

Answer 2

1. Maximus - largest (eg. gluteus maximus)
2. Minimus- smallest (eg. gluteus minimus)
3. Brevis- short (eg. flexor digiti minimi brevis)
4. Longus - long (abductor longus)

Question 3

Characteristics: Location

Answer 3

Muscle is named for the underlying bone (eg. frontalis)

Question 4

Characteristics: Number of Orgin or Muslce Bellies

Answer 4

Biceps- two origins (eg. bicep brachii)
Triceps- three origins (eg. triceps brachii)
Quadriceps- four origins (eg. quadricpets femoris)

Question 5

Characteristics: Location of Origin and Insertion

Answer 5

Muscle named for origin and insertion

eg. sternocleidomastoid, origin= sternum and clavicle, insertion= mastoid

Question 6

Characteristics: Shape of Muscle

Answer 6

Deltoid = triangle
Trapezius= trapezoid

Question 7

Characteristics: Action of Muscle

Answer 7

Adductor: adducts (eg. adductor longus adducts anterior thigh
Extensor: extends (extensor digitorum extends wrist)

Question 8

Frontalis

Answer 8

Origin: Cranial aponeurosis
Insertion: Skin of eyebrow
Function: raise eyebrows
(clue: “front” of head, forehead)

Question 9

Orbicularis Oris

Answer 9

Origin: Muscles surrounding mouth
Insertion: Skin and muscles surrounding mouth
Function: Closes and Protrudes lips
HINT: “orbi” “oris”= mouth opening

Question 10

Zygomaticus Major

Answer 10

Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Skin and Muscle at upper corner of lip
Function: Elevates corner of mouth (smile!)
HINT: “zygo”= zygomatic arch

Question 11

Masseter

Answer 11

Origin: Zygomatic arch (maxilla and temporal bone)
Insertion: Mandible
Function: Close mouth, elevate mandible

Question 12

Temporalis

Answer 12

Origin: Temporal bone
Insertion: Mandible
Function: Close mouth, elevate mandible
HINT: “temp”= temporal

Question 13

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 13

Origin: Sternum, clavicle
Insertion: temporal bone
Function: Flexes neck, rotates head
HINT= “sterno” “cleido” = sternum and clavicle origin, “mastoid”= mastoid bone/temple

Question 14

External Intercostals

Answer 14

Origin: superior rib
Insertion: Inferior rib
Function: elevates ribs (assists inspiration)
HINT: “external” = more pronounced “costal”= ribs

Question 15

Internal Intercostals

Answer 15

Origin: Inferior Ribs
Insertion: Exterior Ribs
Function: Depress ribs (assist expiration)
HINT: “internal”=behind external intercostals, smaller. “Costal”= ribs

Question 16

Diaphragm:

Answer 16

Origin: Xiphoid, Costal Cartilage, Lumbar Vertebrae
Insertion: Central tendon
Function: Inspiration

Question 17

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 17

Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Costal cartilage of ribs, xiphoid process
Function: flexes vertebral column (torso) (situps) (6 pack)
HINT: “rectus”=long flat muscles of abdomen

Question 18

External Oblique

Answer 18

Origin: lower 8 ribs
Insertion: Iliac crest (hip bone)
Function: Flex and Rotate torso
HINT: Oblique= slanted, on side of abdomen

Question 19

Transversus Abdominis

Answer 19

Origin: Lumbodorsal Fascia, costal cartilage of ribs 7-12, iliac crest
Insertion: Linea alba, pubis
Function: Compress abdomen

Question 20

Trapezius

Answer 20

Origin: Occipital bone, Thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: clavicle, scapula
Function: extends and rotates neck, elevates shoulder girdle
HINT: “traps”: base of sides of neck

Question 21

Pectoralis Major

Answer 21

Origin: clavicle, sternum, ribs 2-6 cartilage
Insertion: Humerus
Function: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates shoulder
(HINT: pec muscles, major= large)

Question 22

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 22

Origin: Spine of lower thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Humerus
Function: extends, adducts, medially rotates shoulder

Question 23

Deltoid

Answer 23

Origin: Clavicle, scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Function: abducts and rotates shoulder
HINT: Delta= triangle, shape of muscle

Question 24

Biceps Brachii

Answer 24

Origin: scapula
Insertion: Radius
Function: flex shoulder and elbow, supinates the forearm

Question 25

Brachialis

Answer 25

Origin: humerus Insertion: Ulna Function: flexes elbow HINT: lateral to bicep, lining outside, can palpate

Question 26

Brachioradialis

Answer 26

Origin: humerus Insertion: Radius Function: flex elbow HINT: located radius, in middle of 3 lower brachial muscles

Question 27

Triceps Brachii

Answer 27

Origin: scapula and posterior humerus Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna Function: extend shoulder and elbow

Question 28

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 28

Origin: Posterior sacrum and ilium Insertion: Femur ad Iliotibial band Function: extends and laterally rotates hip HINT: maximus= biggest gluteus muscle

Question 29

Gluteus Medius

Answer 29

Origin: Ilium Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Function: abducts and rotates hip, keeps pelvis level in gait HINT: "medius"= medium size, located side of hip, strengthened by "fire hydrants", "hip dips"

Question 30

Gluteus Minimus

Answer 30

Origin: ilium Insertion: greater trochanter of femur Function: abducts and medially rotates hip Hint: minimus= smallest gluteus muscle. Located side of hip, strengthened with "fire hydrants", "hip dips"

Question 31

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

Answer 31

Origin: Ilium, Femur Insertion: Tibia via patella Function: all 4 extend knee, rectus femoris also flexes hip Location HINTS: "lateralis"= lateral, outside. "intermedius"= in middle. "medialis"= on inside

Question 32

Sartorius

Answer 32

Origin: Ilium Insertion: Tibia Function: flexes knee and extends hip HINT: medial to vastus medialis

Question 33

Hamstring: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Answer 33

``` Origin: Ischium, Femur Insertion: Tibia, Fibula Function: flexes knee and extends hip HINT: semitendinosus= medial semimembranous= lateral bicep femoris: middle ```

Question 34

Tibialis Anterior

Answer 34

Origin: Anterior Tibia Insertion: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal Function: dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot HINT: located medial to fibular longus, 2nd layer of muscle from skin, CALF AND SHIN AREA

Question 35

Fibular Longus

Answer 35

Origin: Lateral Fibula Insertion: 1st metacarsal and medial cuneiform Function: plantar flexes ankle and everts foot HINT: located lateral of calf and shin area, first layer of muscle

Question 36

Gastrocnemius

Answer 36

Origin: Femur Insertion: calcaneus and Achilles tendon Function: plantar flexes ankle and flexes knee HINT: main calf muscle, large

Question 37

Soleus

Answer 37

Origin: Posterior Tibia and Fibula Insertion: calcaneus and achilles tendon Function: Plantarflex ankle HINT: deep to gastrocnemius