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BIOLOGY 156: LAB FINAL > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics: Direction of Muscle Fibers

A
  1. Rectus - runs along long axis of body (eg. rectus abdominis)
  2. Transverses- runs transversely (eg. transversus abdominis)
  3. Oblique- run on diagonal (external oblique)
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2
Q

Characteristics: Relative Size

A
  1. Maximus - largest (eg. gluteus maximus)
  2. Minimus- smallest (eg. gluteus minimus)
  3. Brevis- short (eg. flexor digiti minimi brevis)
  4. Longus - long (abductor longus)
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3
Q

Characteristics: Location

A

Muscle is named for the underlying bone (eg. frontalis)

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4
Q

Characteristics: Number of Orgin or Muslce Bellies

A

Biceps- two origins (eg. bicep brachii)
Triceps- three origins (eg. triceps brachii)
Quadriceps- four origins (eg. quadricpets femoris)

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5
Q

Characteristics: Location of Origin and Insertion

A

Muscle named for origin and insertion

eg. sternocleidomastoid, origin= sternum and clavicle, insertion= mastoid

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6
Q

Characteristics: Shape of Muscle

A 
Deltoid = triangle
Trapezius= trapezoid
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7
Q

Characteristics: Action of Muscle

A

Adductor: adducts (eg. adductor longus adducts anterior thigh
Extensor: extends (extensor digitorum extends wrist)

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8
Q

Frontalis

A

Origin: Cranial aponeurosis
Insertion: Skin of eyebrow
Function: raise eyebrows
(clue: “front” of head, forehead)

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9
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Origin: Muscles surrounding mouth
Insertion: Skin and muscles surrounding mouth
Function: Closes and Protrudes lips
HINT: “orbi” “oris”= mouth opening

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10
Q

Zygomaticus Major

A

Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Skin and Muscle at upper corner of lip
Function: Elevates corner of mouth (smile!)
HINT: “zygo”= zygomatic arch

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11
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: Zygomatic arch (maxilla and temporal bone)
Insertion: Mandible
Function: Close mouth, elevate mandible

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12
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: Temporal bone
Insertion: Mandible
Function: Close mouth, elevate mandible
HINT: “temp”= temporal

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13
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: Sternum, clavicle
Insertion: temporal bone
Function: Flexes neck, rotates head
HINT= “sterno” “cleido” = sternum and clavicle origin, “mastoid”= mastoid bone/temple

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14
Q

External Intercostals

A

Origin: superior rib
Insertion: Inferior rib
Function: elevates ribs (assists inspiration)
HINT: “external” = more pronounced “costal”= ribs

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15
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

Origin: Inferior Ribs
Insertion: Exterior Ribs
Function: Depress ribs (assist expiration)
HINT: “internal”=behind external intercostals, smaller. “Costal”= ribs

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16
Q

Diaphragm:

A

Origin: Xiphoid, Costal Cartilage, Lumbar Vertebrae
Insertion: Central tendon
Function: Inspiration

17
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Costal cartilage of ribs, xiphoid process
Function: flexes vertebral column (torso) (situps) (6 pack)
HINT: “rectus”=long flat muscles of abdomen

18
Q

External Oblique

A

Origin: lower 8 ribs
Insertion: Iliac crest (hip bone)
Function: Flex and Rotate torso
HINT: Oblique= slanted, on side of abdomen

19
Q

Transversus Abdominis

A

Origin: Lumbodorsal Fascia, costal cartilage of ribs 7-12, iliac crest
Insertion: Linea alba, pubis
Function: Compress abdomen

20
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: Occipital bone, Thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: clavicle, scapula
Function: extends and rotates neck, elevates shoulder girdle
HINT: “traps”: base of sides of neck

21
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin: clavicle, sternum, ribs 2-6 cartilage
Insertion: Humerus
Function: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates shoulder
(HINT: pec muscles, major= large)

22
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin: Spine of lower thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Humerus
Function: extends, adducts, medially rotates shoulder

23
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: Clavicle, scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Function: abducts and rotates shoulder
HINT: Delta= triangle, shape of muscle

24
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Origin: scapula
Insertion: Radius
Function: flex shoulder and elbow, supinates the forearm

25
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: humerus
Insertion: Ulna
Function: flexes elbow
HINT: lateral to bicep, lining outside, can palpate

26
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: humerus
Insertion: Radius
Function: flex elbow
HINT: located radius, in middle of 3 lower brachial muscles

27
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin: scapula and posterior humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Function: extend shoulder and elbow

28
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin: Posterior sacrum and ilium
Insertion: Femur ad Iliotibial band
Function: extends and laterally rotates hip
HINT: maximus= biggest gluteus muscle

29
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
Function: abducts and rotates hip, keeps pelvis level in gait
HINT: “medius”= medium size, located side of hip, strengthened by “fire hydrants”, “hip dips”

30
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Function: abducts and medially rotates hip
Hint: minimus= smallest gluteus muscle. Located side of hip, strengthened with “fire hydrants”, “hip dips”

31
Q

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

A

Origin: Ilium, Femur
Insertion: Tibia via patella
Function: all 4 extend knee, rectus femoris also flexes hip
Location HINTS: “lateralis”= lateral, outside. “intermedius”= in middle. “medialis”= on inside

32
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Tibia
Function: flexes knee and extends hip
HINT: medial to vastus medialis

33
Q

Hamstring: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

A 
Origin: Ischium, Femur
Insertion: Tibia, Fibula
Function: flexes knee and extends hip
HINT: semitendinosus= medial
semimembranous= lateral 
bicep femoris: middle
34
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Origin: Anterior Tibia
Insertion: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
Function: dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot
HINT: located medial to fibular longus, 2nd layer of muscle from skin, CALF AND SHIN AREA

35
Q

Fibular Longus

A

Origin: Lateral Fibula
Insertion: 1st metacarsal and medial cuneiform
Function: plantar flexes ankle and everts foot
HINT: located lateral of calf and shin area, first layer of muscle

36
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin: Femur
Insertion: calcaneus and Achilles tendon
Function: plantar flexes ankle and flexes knee
HINT: main calf muscle, large

37
Q

Soleus

A

Origin: Posterior Tibia and Fibula
Insertion: calcaneus and achilles tendon
Function: Plantarflex ankle
HINT: deep to gastrocnemius

BIOLOGY 156: LAB FINAL (1 decks)

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