Muscles Flashcards by Jenna Scibilia

Supraspinatus

O: supraspinous fossa

I: greater tubercle of humerus

A: extend & stabilize the shoulder

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Infraspinatus

O: infraspinous fossa

I: lateral greater tubercle of humerus, between supraspinatus & teres minor tendons

A: extend or flex, abduct, externally rotate, stabilize the shoulder

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Teres Minor

O: distal 1/3 of caudal border of scapula

I: greater tubercle of the humerus, caudal to the infraspinatus tendon

A: flex shoulder, external rotation of the limb

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Deltoideus

Spinous Head

O: spine of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A: flex shoulder

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Deltoideus

Acromial Head

O: acromion

I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A: flex shoulder

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Teres Major

O: caudal angle & border of the scapula

I: teres major tuberosity of the humerus

A: flex shoulder, internally rotate the limb

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Subscapularis

O: subscapular fossa of the scapula

I: lesser tubercle of the humerus, via a short strong tendon

A: adduct & extend shoulder, stabilize shoulder
tendon acts as medial collateral ligament for shoulder

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Anconeus

O: distal lateral humerus, just proximal to the elbow

I: lateral surface of the proximal 1/8 of the elbow

A: extend elbow

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Triceps Brachii

O:
Medial head: medial humerus

Accessory head: neck of humerus

Lateral head: proximal lateral humerus

Long head: caudal border of the scapula

I: olecranon

A: extend elbow 
    flex shoulder (long head)

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Biceps Brachii

O: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

I: medial aspect of ulna & radius, just distal to the elbow

A: flex elbow, extend shoulder

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Extensor Carpi Radialis

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

I: proximal metacarpals 2 & 3

A: extend carpus

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Common Digital Extensor

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

I: extensor proess of P3 of digits 2 through 5

A: extend joints of the 4 digits and the carpus

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Deep Digital Flexor

O:
Humeral Head: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Ulnar Head: proximal 3/4 of caudal border of the ulna

Radial Head: middle 1/3 of medial border of radius

I: palmar surface of the proximal end (base) of P3 of each digit

A: flex digits and carpus

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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

O:
Ulnar Head: caudal border and medial surface of the olecranon

Humeral Head: medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: accessory carpal bone

A: flex carpus

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Superficial Digital Flexor

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: medial & lateral surfaces of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5 (wrapping around DDF tendon)

flex carpus
flex metacarpal-phalangeal joints
flex proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

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Transversospinalis System

O: vertebral spinous process

I: vertebral mamillary process

short rotator = 1 vertebra caudal to origin
long rotator = 2 vertebrae caudal to origin
multifidus = 3 vertebrae caudal to origin
semispinalis = 5 vertebrae caudal to origin

short rotator, long rotator, multifidus: rotate the vertebrae
semispinalis: rotation + lateral flexion of the spine

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Longissimus

crest & medial surface of the wing of the ilium
supraspinous ligament
spines of the lumbar & thoracic vertebrae

I:
spinous, mamillary, & transverse processes of the thoracic & lumbar vertebrae + the ribs

A: 
- rotation
- extension
- lateral flexion
of the thoracic + lumbar spine

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Iliocostalis

wing of the ilium (with the longissimus)
transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
last 4-5 ribs

A: lateral flexion of the lumbar + thoracolumbar spine

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Deep Pectoral

O: ventral sternum + xiphoid

lesser tubercle
greater tubercle
crest of humerus

with the limb advanced: draws trunk cranially + flexes the shoulder
when NWB: draws limb caudally + flexes the shoulder

Superficial Pectoral

first 2-3 sternebrae
ventral median raphe

I: crest of the greater tubercle

when NWB: adducts the limb
when WB: prevents abduction

Brachiocephalicus

O: clavicular tendon

distal to clavicular tendon: distal end of anterior border of the humerus
proximal to clavicular tendon: mastoid part of the temporal bone; cranial 1/2 of dorsal median raphe

advance the limb
extend the shoulder
draw head & neck to the side

Serratus Ventralis

transverse process of the last 5 cervical vertebrae
last 7-8 ribs, ventral to middle

I: dorsomedial 1/3 of scapula

support the trunk
depress the scapula

Latissimus Dorsi

O: thoracolumbar fascia from the spinous processes of the lumbar + last 7-8 thoracic vertebrae

I: proximo-medial humerus (with the teres major tendon)

draw the forelimb caudally
flex the shoulder

Rhomboideus

nuchal crest of the occipital bone
median raphe
spinous processes of the first 7 thoracic vertebrae

I: dorsal border & adjacent surfaces of the scapula

elevate the forelimb
draw scapula against the chest

Trapezius

O: - median raphe of the neck - supraspinous ligament from T3-T9 I: spine of the scapula (on either side) A: elevate + abduct the forelimb

Iliopsoas

O - iliacus: cranioventral ilium - psoas major: ventral bodies + transverse processes of all lumbar & last 3-4 thoracic vertebrae I: lesser trochanter of the femur A: - flexion + external rotation of the hip - flexion of the lumbar spine

Deep Gluteal

O: - body of ilium - ischial spine I: cranial aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur A: - extend & abduct the hip - medially rotate the femur

Piriformis

O: lateral surfce of S3 + Cd1 I: dorsal greater trochanter of the femur (with the middle gluteal tendon) A: extend the hip

Middle Gluteal

O: crest + gluteal surface of the ilium I: dorsal greater trochanter of the femur (with the piriformis) A: extend the hip

Adductor

O: entire pelvic symphysis, ischiatic arch, ventral pubis, ischium I: entire lateral lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur A: adduct + extend the hip

Pectineus

O: body of the pelvis from iliopubic eminence to the pubic tubercle I: distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur A: adduct the limb

Sacrotuberous Ligament

O: transverse process of S3 + Cd1 I: lateral angle of the ischiatic tuberosity

Superficial Gluteal

O: - lateral border of the sacrum + Cd1 - sacrotuberous ligament I: third trochanter of the femur A: - extend the hip - adduct the limb

Tensor Fascia Latae

O: tuber coxae & adjacent ilium I: lateral femoral fascia A: - tense the femoral fascia - flex

Sartorius

Cranial Head - O: medial crest of the ilium I: patella (with the quads) A: flex hip, extend stifle Caudal Head - O: cranial ventral iliac spine I: cranial border of the tibia (with the gracilis) A: flex hip, flex stifle

Biceps Femoris

O: - sacrotuberous ligament - ischiatic tuberosity I: - fascia lata to: patella, patellar ligamtn, cranial border of tibia - crural fascia to tuber calcaneus A: - extend hip, stifle, tarsus - flex stifle (caudal part)

Long Digital Extensor

O: extensor fossa of the femur I: extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5 A: - extend digits - flex tarsus

Quadriceps

O: - medialis: proximal end of the craniomedial femur - intermedius: lateral part of the proximal 1/4 of the femur - lateralis: proximal lateral femur - rectus femoris: ilium, cranial to the acetabulum I: tibial tuberosity A: extend the stifle - rectus femoris: also flexes the hip

Semimembranosus

O: ischiatic tuberosity I: - distal medial femur - proximal end of the tibia A: - extend the hip - flex or extend the stifle (tibial head)

Semitendinosus

O: ischiatic tuberosity I: - medial surface of the body of the tibia - tuber calcaneus, via the crural fascia A: - extend the hip - flex the stifle - extend the tarsus

Gracilis

O: pubic symphysis I: - cranial border of the tibia - tuber calcaneus, via crural fascia A: - adduct the limb - flex the stifle - extend the hip + tarsus

Peroneus Longus

O: - lateral condyle of the tibia - proximal end of the fibula I: - 4th tarsal bone - plantar aspect of the base of the metatarsals A: - flex tarsus - rotate dorsum of paw medially

Deep Digital Flexor

O: plantar aspect of the proximal 1/3 of the tibia + the proximal 1/2 of the fibula I: plantar surface of the base of each of the distal phalanages A: - flex digits - extend tarsus

Cranial Tibial

O: lateral edge of the cranial tibial border I: plantar surface of the base of MT1-2 (with peroneus longus) A: - flex tarsus - rotate dorsum of paw laterally

Superficial Digital Flexor

O: distal caudal femur I: - tuber calcaneus (with calcanean tendon) - bases of middle phalanges of digits 2-5 A: - flex the proximal 2 digital joints (2-5) - flex stifle - extend tarsus

Gastrocneumius

O: medial & lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur, over the fabellae I: proximal dorsal surface of the tuber calcaneus A: - extend tarsus - flex stifle