Muscles Flashcards
Supraspinatus
O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: extend & stabilize the shoulder
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa
I: lateral greater tubercle of humerus, between supraspinatus & teres minor tendons
A: extend or flex, abduct, externally rotate, stabilize the shoulder
Teres Minor
O: distal 1/3 of caudal border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerus, caudal to the infraspinatus tendon
A: flex shoulder, external rotation of the limb
Deltoideus
Spinous Head
O: spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A: flex shoulder
Deltoideus
Acromial Head
O: acromion
I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A: flex shoulder
Teres Major
O: caudal angle & border of the scapula
I: teres major tuberosity of the humerus
A: flex shoulder, internally rotate the limb
Subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa of the scapula
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus, via a short strong tendon
A: adduct & extend shoulder, stabilize shoulder
tendon acts as medial collateral ligament for shoulder
Anconeus
O: distal lateral humerus, just proximal to the elbow
I: lateral surface of the proximal 1/8 of the elbow
A: extend elbow
Triceps Brachii
O:
Medial head: medial humerus
Accessory head: neck of humerus
Lateral head: proximal lateral humerus
Long head: caudal border of the scapula
I: olecranon
A: extend elbow
flex shoulder (long head)
Biceps Brachii
O: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
I: medial aspect of ulna & radius, just distal to the elbow
A: flex elbow, extend shoulder
Extensor Carpi Radialis
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: proximal metacarpals 2 & 3
A: extend carpus
Common Digital Extensor
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: extensor proess of P3 of digits 2 through 5
A: extend joints of the 4 digits and the carpus
Deep Digital Flexor
O:
Humeral Head: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Ulnar Head: proximal 3/4 of caudal border of the ulna
Radial Head: middle 1/3 of medial border of radius
I: palmar surface of the proximal end (base) of P3 of each digit
A: flex digits and carpus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
O:
Ulnar Head: caudal border and medial surface of the olecranon
Humeral Head: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: accessory carpal bone
A: flex carpus
Superficial Digital Flexor
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: medial & lateral surfaces of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5 (wrapping around DDF tendon)
A:
- flex carpus
- flex metacarpal-phalangeal joints
- flex proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
Transversospinalis System
O: vertebral spinous process
I: vertebral mamillary process
- short rotator = 1 vertebra caudal to origin
- long rotator = 2 vertebrae caudal to origin
- multifidus = 3 vertebrae caudal to origin
- semispinalis = 5 vertebrae caudal to origin
A:
- short rotator, long rotator, multifidus: rotate the vertebrae
- semispinalis: rotation + lateral flexion of the spine
Longissimus
O:
- crest & medial surface of the wing of the ilium
- supraspinous ligament
- spines of the lumbar & thoracic vertebrae
I:
spinous, mamillary, & transverse processes of the thoracic & lumbar vertebrae + the ribs
A: - rotation - extension - lateral flexion of the thoracic + lumbar spine
Iliocostalis
O:
- wing of the ilium (with the longissimus)
- transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I:
- transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
- last 4-5 ribs
A: lateral flexion of the lumbar + thoracolumbar spine
Deep Pectoral
O: ventral sternum + xiphoid
I:
- lesser tubercle
- greater tubercle
- crest of humerus
A:
- with the limb advanced: draws trunk cranially + flexes the shoulder
- when NWB: draws limb caudally + flexes the shoulder
Superficial Pectoral
O:
- first 2-3 sternebrae
- ventral median raphe
I: crest of the greater tubercle
A:
- when NWB: adducts the limb
- when WB: prevents abduction
Brachiocephalicus
O: clavicular tendon
I:
- distal to clavicular tendon: distal end of anterior border of the humerus
- proximal to clavicular tendon: mastoid part of the temporal bone; cranial 1/2 of dorsal median raphe
A:
- advance the limb
- extend the shoulder
- draw head & neck to the side
Serratus Ventralis
O:
- transverse process of the last 5 cervical vertebrae
- last 7-8 ribs, ventral to middle
I: dorsomedial 1/3 of scapula
A:
- support the trunk
- depress the scapula
Latissimus Dorsi
O: thoracolumbar fascia from the spinous processes of the lumbar + last 7-8 thoracic vertebrae
I: proximo-medial humerus (with the teres major tendon)
A:
- draw the forelimb caudally
- flex the shoulder
Rhomboideus
O:
- nuchal crest of the occipital bone
- median raphe
- spinous processes of the first 7 thoracic vertebrae
I: dorsal border & adjacent surfaces of the scapula
A:
- elevate the forelimb
- draw scapula against the chest
Trapezius
O:
- median raphe of the neck
- supraspinous ligament from T3-T9
I: spine of the scapula (on either side)
A: elevate + abduct the forelimb
Iliopsoas
O
- iliacus: cranioventral ilium
- psoas major: ventral bodies + transverse processes of all lumbar & last 3-4 thoracic vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter of the femur
A:
- flexion + external rotation of the hip
- flexion of the lumbar spine
Deep Gluteal
O:
- body of ilium
- ischial spine
I: cranial aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur
A:
- extend & abduct the hip
- medially rotate the femur
Piriformis
O: lateral surfce of S3 + Cd1
I: dorsal greater trochanter of the femur (with the middle gluteal tendon)
A: extend the hip
Middle Gluteal
O: crest + gluteal surface of the ilium
I: dorsal greater trochanter of the femur (with the piriformis)
A: extend the hip
Adductor
O: entire pelvic symphysis, ischiatic arch, ventral pubis, ischium
I: entire lateral lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur
A: adduct + extend the hip
Pectineus
O: body of the pelvis from iliopubic eminence to the pubic tubercle
I: distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur
A: adduct the limb
Sacrotuberous Ligament
O: transverse process of S3 + Cd1
I: lateral angle of the ischiatic tuberosity
Superficial Gluteal
O:
- lateral border of the sacrum + Cd1
- sacrotuberous ligament
I: third trochanter of the femur
A:
- extend the hip
- adduct the limb
Tensor Fascia Latae
O: tuber coxae & adjacent ilium
I: lateral femoral fascia
A:
- tense the femoral fascia
- flex
Sartorius
Cranial Head -
O: medial crest of the ilium
I: patella (with the quads)
A: flex hip, extend stifle
Caudal Head -
O: cranial ventral iliac spine
I: cranial border of the tibia (with the gracilis)
A: flex hip, flex stifle
Biceps Femoris
O:
- sacrotuberous ligament
- ischiatic tuberosity
I:
- fascia lata to: patella, patellar ligamtn, cranial border of tibia
- crural fascia to tuber calcaneus
A:
- extend hip, stifle, tarsus
- flex stifle (caudal part)
Long Digital Extensor
O: extensor fossa of the femur
I: extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A:
- extend digits
- flex tarsus
Quadriceps
O:
- medialis: proximal end of the craniomedial femur
- intermedius: lateral part of the proximal 1/4 of the femur
- lateralis: proximal lateral femur
- rectus femoris: ilium, cranial to the acetabulum
I: tibial tuberosity
A: extend the stifle
- rectus femoris: also flexes the hip
Semimembranosus
O: ischiatic tuberosity
I:
- distal medial femur
- proximal end of the tibia
A:
- extend the hip
- flex or extend the stifle (tibial head)
Semitendinosus
O: ischiatic tuberosity
I:
- medial surface of the body of the tibia
- tuber calcaneus, via the crural fascia
A:
- extend the hip
- flex the stifle
- extend the tarsus
Gracilis
O: pubic symphysis
I:
- cranial border of the tibia
- tuber calcaneus, via crural fascia
A:
- adduct the limb
- flex the stifle
- extend the hip + tarsus
Peroneus Longus
O:
- lateral condyle of the tibia
- proximal end of the fibula
I:
- 4th tarsal bone
- plantar aspect of the base of the metatarsals
A:
- flex tarsus
- rotate dorsum of paw medially
Deep Digital Flexor
O: plantar aspect of the proximal 1/3 of the tibia + the proximal 1/2 of the fibula
I: plantar surface of the base of each of the distal phalanages
A:
- flex digits
- extend tarsus
Cranial Tibial
O: lateral edge of the cranial tibial border
I: plantar surface of the base of MT1-2 (with peroneus longus)
A:
- flex tarsus
- rotate dorsum of paw laterally
Superficial Digital Flexor
O: distal caudal femur
I:
- tuber calcaneus (with calcanean tendon)
- bases of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A:
- flex the proximal 2 digital joints (2-5)
- flex stifle
- extend tarsus
Gastrocneumius
O: medial & lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur, over the fabellae
I: proximal dorsal surface of the tuber calcaneus
A:
- extend tarsus
- flex stifle
