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anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Pectoralis Major : proximal attachment

A

Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle;
Sternocostal head: sternum and superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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2
Q

Pectoralis Major: distal attachment

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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3
Q

Pectoralis Major: innervation

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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4
Q

Pectoralis Major: actions

A

Addiction and medial rotation of humerus. Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiority. Ex. Climbing, throwing, pushing, hugging, bench press

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5
Q

Pectoralis Minor: proximal attachment

A

3rd to 5th ribs

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6
Q

Pectoralis minor: distal attachment

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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7
Q

Pectoralis minor: innervation

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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8
Q

Pectoralis minor : actions

A

Stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

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9
Q

Subclavius : proximal attachment

A

Junction of first rib and it’s costal cartilage

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10
Q

Subclavius: distal attachment

A

Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

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11
Q

Subclavius: innervation

A

Subclavian nerve

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12
Q

Subclavius : actions

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

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13
Q

Serratus anterior: proximal attachment

A

1st to 8th ribs

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14
Q

Serratus anterior: distal attachment

A

Medial border of scapula

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15
Q

Serratus anterior: innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

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16
Q

Serratus anterior: actions

A

Protraction of scapula, move scapula forward (pushing and punching); called boxer’s muscle. Holds the scapula against the thoracic wall

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17
Q

What does injury to the long thoracic nerve do?

A

Paralysis of serratus anterior and causes winging of scapula

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18
Q

Trapezius: medial attachment

A

Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

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19
Q

Trapezius : lateral attachment

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

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20
Q

Trapezius: innervation

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and C3, C4 spinal nerve

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21
Q

Trapezius: actions

A

Descending (superior) part elevates “shoulder shrugging”, ascending (inferior) part depresses and middle part retracts (pulls posteriorly) scapula.

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22
Q

CN XI nerve injury is in which muscle

A

Trapezius

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23
Q

Latissimus dorsi: medial attachment

A

Spinous processes of T6-T12 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs

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24
Q

Latissimus dorsi: lateral attachment

A

Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

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25
Q

Latissimus dorsi: innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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26
Q

Latissimus dorsi: actions

A

Extends, adduction and medial rotation of shoulder joint (striking actions ex. Blow, hammering, swimming and rowing); raises body towards arm during climbing

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27
Q

Levator scapulae: medial attachment

A

Posterior tubercles Of transverse processes of C1-C4

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28
Q

Levator scapulae: lateral attachment

A

Medial border of scapula superior to root of spine

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29
Q

Levator scapulae : innervation

A

Dorsal scapulae nerve

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30
Q

Levator scapulae : actions

A

Elevate scapula

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31
Q

Rhomboid Major: medial attachment

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

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32
Q

Rhomboid minor: medial attachment

A

Spinous processes of C7-T1

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33
Q

Rhomboids (Major and minor) : lateral attachment

A

Medial border of scapula

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34
Q

Rhomboids (Major and minor): innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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35
Q

Rhomboids (Major and minor) : actions

A

Retract scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

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36
Q

Deltoid: proximal attachment

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula. (Insertion of trapezius is same as origin of deltoid)

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37
Q

Deltoid: distal attachment

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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38
Q

Deltoid: innervation

A

Axillary nerve

39
Q

Deltoid: actions

A

Flex, medially rotates shoulder joint; extends, laterally rotate and abduction of arm

40
Q

Supraspinatus: proximal attachment

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

41
Q

Supraspinatus: distal attachment

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

42
Q

Supraspinatus: innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve

43
Q

Supraspinatus: action

A

Initiate abduction (15°) of arm

44
Q

Infraspinatus: proximal attachment

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

45
Q

Infraspinatus: distal attachment

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

46
Q

Infraspinatus: innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve

47
Q

Infraspinatus: action

A

Laterally rotates shoulder joint

48
Q

Teres minor: proximal attachment

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

49
Q

Teres minor: distal attachment

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

50
Q

Teres minor: innervation

A

Axillary nerve

51
Q

Teres minor: action

A

Laterally rotates shoulder joint (same as infraspinatus)

52
Q

Teres Major: proximal attachment

A

Inferior part of lateral border of scapula

53
Q

Teres Major: distal attachment

A

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

54
Q

Teres Major: innervation

A

Lower subscapular nerve

55
Q

Teres Major: action

A

Medially rotates and adducts the shoulder joint

56
Q

Subscapularis: proximal attachment

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula

57
Q

Subscapularis: distal attachment

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

58
Q

Subscapularis: innervation

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

59
Q

Subscapularis: action

A

Medially rotates and adduct of shoulder joint

60
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

61
Q

Injury to thoracodorsal nerve causes

A

Can be injured during mastectomy. Paralyzes the latissimus dorsi. They cannot climb

62
Q

Injury to CN XI causes

A

Shoulder drop

63
Q

Injury to dorsal scapular nerve

A

Paralysis of rhomboids

64
Q

Brachial plexus roots:

A

Formed by anterior rami of C5 to T1 nerves. Extends from cervical region to axilla. Nerve supply to upper limb

65
Q

Injury to superior trunk C5, C6 roots in new born

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy. Excessive stretching of neck during delivery or fall landing on shoulder

66
Q

Waiters tip position

A

Injury to C5, C6

67
Q

Injury of inferior trunk C8, T1

A

Klumpke paralysis. Occurs when limb is suddenly pulled. Damage to ulnar nerve

68
Q

Damage to ulnar nerve causes

A

Claw hand. Loss of sensation over medial palm, ring, and pinky finger

69
Q

Ulnar nerve compression occurs where

A

Between medial epicondyle and operating table during surgery causing claw hand

70
Q

Damage to median nerve due to excessive probing in cubical fossa during venipuncture

A

Thenar atrophy. Loss of thumb opposition - ape hand

71
Q

Distal lesion in median nerve

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

72
Q

Damage to radial nerve causes

A

Wrist drop. “Saturday night palsy”

73
Q

Injury to long thoracic nerve

A

Paralysis of serratus anterior. “Winging scapula” due to stab wound, axillary node dissection

74
Q

Biceps brachii : proximal attachment

A

Short head: from coracoid process of scapula

Long head: from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

75
Q

Biceps brachii: distal attachment

A

Radial tuberosity

76
Q

Biceps brachii: innervation

A

Musculotaneous nerve

77
Q

Biceps brachii: actions

A

Flexes elbow and supinate forearm. Ex. Opening a bottle of wine

78
Q

Brachialis: proximal attachment

A

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

79
Q

Brachialis: distal attachment

A

Coronoid process of ulna

80
Q

Brachialis: innervation

A

Musculotaneous nerve

81
Q

Brachialis: actions

A

Flexes elbow joint

82
Q

Coracobrachialis: proximal attachment

A

Coracoid process of scapula

83
Q

Coracobrachialis: distal attachment

A

Middle third of medial surface of humerus

84
Q

Coracobrachialis: innervation

A

Musculotaneous nerve

85
Q

Coracobrachialis: actions

A

Flexes and adducts shoulder joint

86
Q

Triceps brachii: proximal attachment

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Lateral head: humerus superior to radial groove

Medial head: humerus inferior to radial groove

87
Q

Triceps brachii: distal attachment

A

Olecranon process of ulna

88
Q

Triceps brachii: innervation

A

Radial nerve

89
Q

Triceps brachii: actions

A

Chief extensor of elbow joint

90
Q

Anconeus: proximal attachment

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

91
Q

Anconeus: distal attachment

A

Olecranon process of ulna

92
Q

Anconeus: innervation

A

Radial nerve

93
Q

Anconeus: actions

A

Assists triceps in extending elbow joint

anatomy (2 decks)

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