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Medical Anatomy > Muscle Unit > Flashcards

Muscle Unit Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Functions Of muscle Tissue

A

Movement, Thermogenesis, postural support, protects internal organs, pumps blood

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2
Q

Charactertitics of muscle tissue

A

Contractibility (able to shorten, Elasticity, Excitability ( able to respond to a stiumulus

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3
Q

What is cardiac muscle

A

Forms bulk of heart wall, striated, Involuntary, Centrally located nucleus, Sarcolemmas connected by intercalated discs

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4
Q

What is Smooth Muscle

A

Located in walls of hollow internal surfaces, Non-striated, involuntary, Can be stretched to great lengths, allows for tremendous size variability

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5
Q

What is skeletal muscle

A

Attached to bones, striated under a microscope, voluntary control, Multinucleated

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6
Q

What is Origin, insertion, and belly

A

O-Where the muscle begins, I- Where the muscle ends, B- The fleshy parts between the tendons

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7
Q

Roles of skeletal muscles

A

Agonist (Muscle responsible for the majority of force, Antagonist (Preforms the oppisite movement, Synergist (Muscle that assits the agonist, Fixator (Stabalized a body segement)

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8
Q

What are Muscle fiber, Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium

A

M-A muscle cell, En-Cell membrane, P-Membrane that surrounds a fascicle, Ep-Membrane that surrounds the whole muscle

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9
Q

What is the Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasm, and the Myofilaments

A

Sarc- Cell Membrane of a muscle, Sarco-Cytoplasm of a muscle, Myofilaments- actin and Myosin, protein filaments inside a cell

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10
Q

What are the Filaments and landmarks

A

F- Myosin is thick, actin is thin, Landmarks- z line, m line, h zone, a band, I band

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11
Q

Actin

A

Thin filament, receptor for calcium, anchored to the z line

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12
Q

What are the two additional proteins

A

Troponin- Sits on Tropomyosin, calcium recpetor, Tropomyosin- wraps around the actin, shifts when calcium binds to toponin

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13
Q

Myosin

A

Thick Filament, Globular heads- shaped like golf clubs also called cross bridges. Overlap actin, binds to actin to cause muscle contraction

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14
Q

what is the Sliding Filament Theory

A

1.Nervous impulse hits a muscle. 2. Myosin and actin slide past each other 3. Myosin and actin dont change size 4. H zone and I band narrow or disappear 5. A band remains the same length

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15
Q

Threshold stimulus

A

The weakest stiulus from a neuron that will initiate a muscular connection

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16
Q

All or none principle

A

Once a threshold stimulus is applied to a muscle the muscle fibers that are being stimulated will contract to their fullest potenital

17
Q

Motor Unit

A

Your whole muscle rarelt contracts only certain motor units contract

18
Q

Motor Neuron

A

Brain sends a signal throguh a motor neuron that we nned to move.

19
Q

Axon

A

The signal propagated down the axon or the long projection off the cell body

20
Q

Synaptic end bulb

A

The end of the axon

21
Q

Neurmosucalr Junction

A

Where a motor neuron axon meets a muscle

22
Q

Motor unit

A

A motor neuron and all the fibers it effects

23
Q

Synaptic vesicles (ACH)

A

When the action potential hits the synaptic end bulb, vesicles release ach from the neuron

24
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

The area between the synaptic end bulb and the motor end plate

25
Q

Motor end plate

A

The part of th ,muscle where the synaptic end bulb attaches

26
Q

Acetylcholine receptors

A

Ach attached to the receptors found on the sarcolemma. A signal is sent to the saropclasim reticulum

27
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

The ER or a muscle cell, releases calcium when ACH hits an ACH receptor

28
Q

Contraction types

A

Concentric-Contraction while decreasing joint angle. Eccentric- Contraction wihile increasing joint angle. Isometric- Contraction that produces no movement

29
Q

Myalgia (Fibromyalgia)

A

Painful disorders of muscles, tendons, and surrouding soft tissue

30
Q

Muscular Dystrophies

A

Muscle destroying diseases characterized by the degeneration of individual muscle fibers, Leads to progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles, Due to a genetic defect

31
Q

Shin Splints

A

Pain in lower leg. Inflammation of the periosteim. Sress. Treated with RICE

32
Q

Strains

A

Pulling or overstretching a muscle, Soft tissue (Muscle) Injury

Medical Anatomy (2 decks)

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